Effect Of Age Research Articles

Cross-Sectional Study on the Effect of Bilingualism, Age, Gender, and Family Income on Executive Function Development in a Sample of Lebanese School-Aged Children.

This study investigates executive functions (EFs) and selected developmental factors in 120 children aged 6-11 years. By examining inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, the research evaluates the potential influences of age, gender, bilingualism, and family income on these EF skills. Tests adapted to Lebanese Arabic were used to assess EFs. Results indicate a linear development of inhibition, working memory, and flexibility with age. Gender differences were observed, affecting verbal and visuospatial working memory as well as flexibility. Bilingualism positively impacts EFs, with early bilinguals outperforming late bilinguals. Family income, however, shows no significant effect on EFs.

Characterizing Clinical Progression in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Individuals with Brain Amyloid: Results from the A4 Study

BackgroundClinical Dementia Rating (CDR) global (CDR-G) and sum of box scores (CDR-SB) are commonly used as primary outcome variables to measure progression or treatment effects in symptomatic Alzheimer disease (AD) clinical trials.ObjectivesWe sought to determine whether the CDR is sensitive to change in pre-symptomatic AD and whether there are specific CDR boxes that are dynamic during the multi-year Anti-Amyloid in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease (A4) secondary prevention study.DesignAll participants entered the study with a CDR-G of 0. Box scores were examined individually and as composites of cognition (memory, orientation and judgment/problem solving) and function (community affairs and home/hobbies). A progression in box score was tabulated only when the change occurred at two consecutive visits.SettingThe A4 study took place at 67 sites in Australia, Canada, Japan and the United States.Participants1,147 individuals, ages 65–85, were randomized to either placebo (n= 583) or solanezumab (n= 564). All participants received a baseline flobetapir PET scan, an annual CDR, and cognitive testing every 6 months with the Primary Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC) over the course of 240 weeks.MeasurementsGeneralized estimating equations and generalized least square models were used to explore the modeled mean progression rate in the CDR-G, CDR-SB, individual CDR boxes, and CDR composite scores in the combined solanezumab and placebo groups. Models were refitted to explore the probability of CDR progression in centiloid tertiles of amyloid at baseline (< 46.1 CL, 46.1 to 77.2 CL, > 77.2 CL). All models included effects for age, education, APOEε4 carrier status, baseline amyloid with flobetapir PET, treatment, and time-by-treatment.ResultsThere were no statistical differences between the placebo or solanezumab groups in CDR-G, CDR-SB, specific CDR boxes or CDR composite scores over the course of the trial. Changes in judgment/problem solving were present at baseline and persisted over time, but progression on the CDR memory box and the CDR cognitive composite quickly predominated. Community affairs and home/hobbies showed little progression. Personal care remained stable. The probability of cognitive and functional progression in CDR boxes began either at the intermediate or advanced amyloid level (46.1 to 77.2 CL, > 77.2 CL), while amyloid at the lowest level (< 46.1 CL) showed relatively little CDR progression.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the CDR memory box and the CDR cognitive composite progressed over 240 weeks and were associated with intermediate and advanced stages of amyloid at baseline. Functional changes in community affairs and home/hobbies were relatively stable. These finding suggest that specific CDR box score changes may help refine our measurement of expected treatment effects in future AD prevention trials.

Rehabilitation Is Associated With Improvements in Post-COVID-19 Sequelae.

Post-COVID-19 syndrome has affected millions of people, with rehabilitation being at the center of non-pharmacologic care. However, numerous published studies show conflicting results due to, among other factors, considerable variation in subject characteristics. Currently, the effects of age, sex, time of implementation, and prior disease severity on the outcomes of a supervised rehabilitation program after COVID-19 remain unknown. This was a non-randomized case-control study. Subjects with post-COVID-19 sequelae were enrolled. Among study participants, those who could attend an 8-week, supervised rehabilitation program composed the intervention group, whereas those who couldn't the control group. Measurements were collected at baseline and 8 weeks thereafter. Study groups (N = 119) had similar baseline measurements. Participation in rehabilitation (n = 47) was associated with clinically important improvements in the 6-min walk test (6MWT) distance, adjusted (for potential confounders) odds ratio (AOR) 4.56 (95% CI 1.95-10.66); 1-min sit-to-stand test, AOR 4.64 (1.88-11.48); Short Physical Performance Battery, AOR 7.93 (2.82-22.26); health-related quality of life (HRQOL) 5-level EuroQol-5D (Visual Analog Scale), AOR 3.12 (1.37-7.08); Montreal Cognitive Assessment, AOR 6.25 (2.16-18.04); International Physical Activity Questionnaire, AOR 3.63 (1.53-8.59); Fatigue Severity Scale, AOR 4.07 (1.51-10.98); Chalder Fatigue Scale (bimodal score), AOR 3.33 (1.45-7.67); Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC), AOR 4.43 (1.83-10.74); Post-COVID-19 Functional Scale (PCFS), AOR 3.46 (1.51-7.95); and COPD Assessment Test, AOR 7.40 (2.92-18.75). Time from disease onset was marginally associated only with 6MWT distance, AOR 0.99 (0.99-1.00). Prior hospitalization was associated with clinically important improvements in the mMRC dyspnea scale, AOR 3.50 (1.06-11.51); and PCFS, AOR 3.42 (1.16-10.06). Age, sex, and ICU admission were not associated with the results of any of the aforementioned tests/grading scales. In this non-randomized, case-control study, post-COVID-19 rehabilitation was associated with improvements in physical function, activity, HRQOL, respiratory symptoms, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. These associations were observed independently of timing of rehabilitation, age, sex, prior hospitalization, and ICU admission.

Influence of ageing and moisture conditions on the ravelling resistance of the micro-surfacing mix

ABSTRACT In this study, the durability of the micro-surfacing mix was assessed by investigating the synergistic effect of ageing and moisture conditioning on ravelling. A total of 30 combinations of conditioning protocols were considered. Ageing time and temperature were varied between 85–105°C and 24–120 h, whereas moisture conditioning time and temperature were varied between 25–60°C and 24–192 h. The results showed that after the mix was fully cured, increased stiffness led to a substantial decrease in ravelling. Synergistic assessment of ageing and moisture showed that ageing temperature had the highest, whereas moisture conditioning time had the least influence on ravelling. It was noticed that once the specimens were fully cured and subjected to further ageing, the effect of moisture conditioning temperature on ravelling became minimal. Overall, laboratory investigations pointed out that micro-surfacing should be applied during favourable environmental conditions, facilitating faster moisture loss and strength gain to improve durability.

Long-term thermal aging of austenitic stainless-steel weld: Microstructure evolution in δ-ferrite and δ / γ phase boundary and apparent recovery of mechanical properties

This study aimed at investigation of thermal aging effects on evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of ER316L austenitic stainless-steel weld (ASSW). The ASSW was subjected to thermal aging at 400 °C for up to 30,000 h. Initially, thermal aging triggered spinodal decomposition of δ-ferrite and clustering of Ni. Thermal aging up to 20,000 h further enhanced spinodal decomposition and G-phase formation. After 30,000 h of aging, precipitation of Mo-rich χ-phase occurred adjacent to the G-phase. Concurrently, thermal aging induced segregation of different elements and formation of nickel depletion zone was observed at the ferrite / austenite (δ / γ) phase boundary. The consequence of these microstructure changes was the hardening of δ-ferrite and loss of fracture toughness of ASSW. However, after 30,000 h of aging at 400 °C, degraded fracture toughness and tensile properties were partially recovered. This recovery in fracture toughness was attributed to the evolution of microchemistry and the formation of a softer shell in the δ / γ phase boundary region

The activity of thermostable NiO/CeO2 heterointerface structure toward low-temperature catalytic CO–NO reaction

Abstract The surface grafting of NiO onto CeO2 nanocrystallites generates heterointerface structures, providing efficient active sites for CO–NO reactions toward forming N2 and CO2. In this study, we investigated the effects of high-temperature thermal aging on the activity and nanostructure of the NiO/CeO2 catalyst. After thermal aging at 900°C, the catalyst retained a high catalytic activity, whereas the reference catalysts lost theirs owing to considerable solid-state reactions and sintering. The as-prepared fresh NiO/CeO2 catalyst (calcined at 600°C) contained high dispersions of NiO species in CeO2 crystallites. Conversely, the thermally aged catalyst comprised grown NiO and CeO2 crystallites were allowed to contact intimately to form thermostable interfaces, where the perimeter in the vicinity provided the Ni2+-incorporated CeO2 surface for removing and filling the oxygen species in the catalytic cycle toward facilitating CO–NO reactions. Based on in situ Fourier-transform infrared and parallel isotopic reaction analyses, we confirmed the following as possible pathways: (i) the removal of the surface oxygen by the adsorbed CO to form an oxygen vacancy (VO), (ii) the interaction between the adsorbed NO with VO, and (iii) the N–O bond cleavage and the reaction with CO to form isocyanate, followed by the reaction with NO to produce N2.

Glucose metabolism and radiodensity of abdominal adipose tissue: A 5-year longitudinal study in a large PET cohort.

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) allows noninvasive assessment of glucose metabolism and radiodensity in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We aimed to address the effects of ageing and metabolic factors on abdominal adipose tissue. We retrospectively analyzed data from 435 healthy men (mean 42.8 years) who underwent a health check-up programme twice, at baseline and the 5-year follow-up. The mean standardized uptake value (SUV) was measured using SAT and VAT and divided by the liver SUV. The mean Hounsfield units (HU) of the SAT and VAT were measured from the CT scans. The effects of clinical variable clusters on SUVR were investigated using Bayesian hierarchical modelling; metabolic cluster (BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, fat percentage, muscle percentage*-1, HOMA-IR), blood pressure (systolic, diastolic), glucose (fasting plasma glucose level, HbA1c)and C-reactive protein. All the clinical variables changed during the 5-year follow-up period. The SUVR and HU of the VAT increased during follow-up; however, those of the SAT did not change. SUVR and HU were positively correlated with both VAT and SAT. SAT and VAT SUVR were negatively associated with metabolic clusters. Ageing led to increased glucose metabolism and radiodensity in VAT, but not in SAT. VAT may reflect the ageing process more directly than SAT. Glucose metabolism was higher and radiodensity was lower in VAT than in SAT, probably owing to differences in gene expression and lipid density. Both glucose metabolism and radiodensity of VAT and SAT reflect metabolic status.

Expanding our understanding of long-term trends in alcohol abstention and consumption in England (2001-19) using two age-period-cohort approaches.

Alcohol consumption has decreased in England in recent decades, while alcohol-specific death rates have remained relatively stable. Age-period-cohort (APC) models offer the potential for understanding these paradoxical trends. This study aimed to use an APC model approach to measure long-term trends in alcohol abstention and consumption in England from 2001 to 2019. The study used grouped and proxy-variable APC models of repeat cross-sectional survey data, set in England (2001-19). Participants were residents in England aged 13 years or over who took part in the Health Survey for England. Outcome variables were alcohol abstention and consumption in units. We created nine age groups (13-15, 16-17, 18-24, 25-34, until 65-74 and 75+, reference 45-54 years), four periods (2001-04, 2005-09, 2010-14 to 2015-19, reference 2005-09) and 18 5-year birth cohorts (1915-19 to 2000-04, reference 1960-64). We proxied age effects (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), period effects (alcohol affordability, internet usage and household alcohol expenditure) and birth cohort effects (prevalence of smoking and prevalence of overweight). The odds of abstaining were considerably larger at young ages, 13-15 years [odds ratio (OR) = 5.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.50-6.43], were lowest during the first period, 2001-04 (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.79-0.86) and had a U-shaped pattern by birth cohort. For units of alcohol, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) increased until age 18-24 years (IRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.34-1.48) and decreased afterwards, were highest during the first period, 2001-04 (IRR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.05-1.08) and showed an inverted J-shape by birth cohort. Our proxy variable approach revealed that using blood pressure measures, alcohol affordability and prevalence of overweight as proxies resulted in APC effects that differed from our base-case model. However, internet usage, household expenditure on alcohol and smoking prevalence resulted in APC effects similar to our base-case model. The discrepancy between decreasing alcohol consumption and increasing alcohol-related deaths observed in England from 2001 to 2019 may, in part, be explained by the halt in abstention trends since 2010 and a slight consumption decline since 2001.

A novel evaluation method of the aging performance of MEMS flow sensor

The development of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) flow sensor towards high level market applications generates various challenges, in particular also on the reliable functionality. With the advancement of reliability engineering technology, aging phenomenon of MEMS devices has been widely concerned. As a result, an aging evaluation method is essential. The accelerated aging testing (AAT) is the most widely used in traditional aging methods. However, its performance is limited by highly economic and time cost. In this paper, a novel aging effect model is proposed, in which a comprehensive approach that integrates AAT, lifetime distribution modeling, and either Finite Element Modeling Simulation (FEMS) or fatigue simulation (FS) as fundamental is explored. However, the difference from the conventional approach was that the AAT results is imported in FS, to confirm fatigue analysis, while FS predictions are instrumental in analyzing degradation or fatigue phenomena and estimation lifetime. In this way, aging performance is illustrated detailed with the lower aging cost and high efficiency. Meanwhile, the results of proposed FS are verified by a thermal cycle (TC) AAT. Specifically, the resistor degradation mechanism, the characteristic parameter degradation is calculated. Moreover, the lifetime evaluation was acquired by the Arrhenius model. Finally, the proposed aging performance evaluation method can be applied to both discrete devices and modules. Compared with the traditional aging method the high aging cost can be eliminated, and the proposed aging evaluation strategy can be used in various temperature conditions.

Ontogenic Predisposition of Tomato Foliage to Early Blight Caused by Alternaria solani under Mountainous Conditions of Kashmir

This study explores the susceptibility of tomato plants to early blight caused by Alternaria solani concerning their chronological and physiological ages. While previous research has noted higher resistance in younger potato plants and an acropetal increase in resistance within plant leaves, such investigations are limited in tomatoes. Our study aimed to address this gap by investigating the influence of chronological and physiological ages on early blight resistance in tomato plants. Using the Keck Ruth Ageti cultivar, we conducted experiments at various plant growth stages. Chronological age variations were achieved by sowing seeds at 10-day intervals, with inoculation occurring when the youngest seedlings reached 20 days. Leaf sampling from different sections facilitated the evaluation of physiological age effects. Results showed a direct relationship between plant age and disease susceptibility, with older plants exhibiting higher incidence rates. Moreover, resistance increased from lower to upper leaves, with top leaves demonstrating the highest resistance.

Preschool educators’ use of commanding language in China and Japan: a cross-cultural comparative study

ABSTRACT The manner in which educators use commands, a form of language that serves to guide and regulate behaviour, constitutes an essential component of children’s learning experiences in relation to language and social interactions. This study investigated nine Chinese and nine Japanese educators’ use of commanding language in educator-child free play interactions. Totally, 4296 clauses generated by the educators were analysed, drawn on systemic functional linguistic theory that classifies command based on its semantic feature. The results show that Chinese educators generally uttered more commanding language than Japanese educators. The proportion of direct & non-suggestive commands (revealing speakers’ authority) dominated in both cohorts, yet Chinese educators rated significantly higher than Japanese educators. The proportion of indirect and suggestive commands (carrying negotiation tones) in Japanese educators’ language was significantly higher than Chinese educators. The effect of child age on the educators’ commanding language was identified. Compared to the Chinese educators, Japanese educators uttered much less commands when interacting with children under four years, however, the gap was narrowed when communicating with children above four years. The findings illustrate how the educators create culturally-different language experiences for children in daily interactions, which has implications for worldwide preschool education in multicultural contexts.

Effect of age and gender on the vertical cup-to-disc ratio in a normotensive population

Effect of age and gender on the vertical cup-to-disc ratio in a normotensive population

Mitigating skeletal muscle wasting in unloading and augmenting subsequent recovery.

Skeletal muscle wasting is the hallmark pathophysiological adaptation to unloading or disuse that demonstrates the dependency on frequent mechanical stimulation (e.g. muscle activation and subsequent loading) for homeostasis of normally load-bearing muscles. In the absence of mitigation strategies, no mammalian organism is resistant to muscle atrophy driven by unloading. Given the profound impact of unloading-induced muscle wasting on physical capacity, metabolic health and immune function; mitigation strategies during unloading and/or augmentation approaches during recovery have broad healthcare implications in settings of bed-bound hospitalization, cast immobilization and spaceflight. This topical review aims to: (1) provide a succinct, state-of-the-field summary of seminal and recent findings regarding the mechanisms of unloading-induced skeletal muscle wasting; (2) discuss unsuccessful vs. promising mitigation and recovery augmentation strategies; and (3) identify knowledge gaps ripe for future research. We focus on the rapid muscle atrophy driven by relatively short-term mechanical unloading/disuse, which is in many ways mechanistically distinct from both hypermetabolic muscle wasting and denervation-induced muscle atrophy. By restricting this discussion to mechanical unloading during which all components of the nervous system remain intact (e.g. without denervation models), mechanical loading requiring motor and sensory neural circuits in muscle remain viable targets for both mitigation and recovery augmentation. We emphasize findings in humans with comparative discussions of studies in rodents which enable elaboration of key mechanisms. We also discuss what is currently known about the effects of age and sex as biological factors, and both are highlighted as knowledge gaps and novel future directions due to limited research.

Impact of population ageing on cancer-related disability-adjusted life years: A global decomposition analysis.

As the global population ages, the burden of cancer is increasing. We aimed to assess the impact of population ageing on cancer-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). We used the decomposition method to estimate the impact of ageing, population growth, and epidemiological change on cancer-related DALYs from 1990 to 2019, stratified by 204 countries/territories and by their sociodemographic index (SDI). This approach separates the net effect of population ageing from population growth and change in age-specific DALY rates. Cancer-related DALYs among individuals aged ≥65 years increased by 95.14% between 1990 (52.25 million) and 2019 (101.96 million). Population growth was the main contributor to cancer-related DALYs (92.38 million, attributed proportion: 60.91%), followed by population ageing (41.38 million, 27.28%). Cancer-related DALYs attributed to population ageing followed a bell-shaped pattern when stratified by SDI, meaning they peaked in middle-SDI countries. Cancer-related DALYs attributed to ageing increased in 171 and decreased in 33 countries/territories. The top three cancer types with the highest increase in the absolute number of cancer-related DALYs associated with ageing were tracheal, bronchus, and lung (8.72 million); stomach (5.06 million); and colorectal (4.28 million) cancers, while the attributed proportion of DALYs was the highest in prostate (44.75%), pancreatic (40.93%), and non-melanoma skin (38.03%) cancers. Population ageing contributed to global cancer-related DALYs, revealing a bell-shaped pattern when stratified by socioeconomic development, affecting middle-SDI countries the most. To respond to the growing ageing population and reduce cancer-related DALYs, it is necessary to allocate health care resources and prioritize interventions for older adults.

Natural mercury exposure of European insectivorous bats may exceed a recognized toxicity threshold.

Heavy metals are an important group of toxic substances harmful for many organisms. Of these, mercury is one of the most monitored in the environment. Several matrices are used for the monitoring of environmental load, including a range of organisms; bats, however, have only been examined rarely. Insectivorous bats are apex predators threatened by several human interventions in their natural environment, including heavy metal pollution. The aim of this study was to analyze the content of total mercury in the fur, flight membrane, and pectoral muscle of greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis). Total mercury concentrations were also measured in carabid beetles from the catch locality Zastávka u Brna. Samples were obtained from 43 bat carcasses at two different localities in the Czech Republic (Zastávka u Brna, Malá Morávka). Total mercury content varied between 1.76-72.20 µg/g in fur, 0.04-0.14 µg/g in skin, and 0.05-0.20 µg/g in muscle. Total mercury values in the fur of some individuals from Malá Morávka exceeded the recognized toxicity limit. Furthermore, there was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in content of total mercury in fur between localities, and there was a clear effect of age on concentrations in fur, skin, and muscle, the concentrations being significantly correlated (fur and skin rs = 0.783; fur and muscle rs = 0.716; skin and muscle rs = 0.884). These findings confirm the usefulness of fur samples from living bats for biomonitoring mercury burden in the environment.

Microstructural and micromechanical evolution features of asphalt with aging: An atomic force microscopy study

This study explores the aging effects on matrix asphalt (MA) and styrene-butadiene-styrene modified asphalt (SBSMA) using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Aging was simulated with the rolling thin-film oven test (RTFOT) and the pressure aging vessel (PAV) test. Key changes in microtopography, surface roughness, adhesive forces, Young's modulus, and energy dissipation were analyzed. The findings reveal significant microstructural changes with aging, including an increase in the size and a decrease in the number of beelike structures, increased surface roughness, and Young's modulus, which indicate material hardening. The analysis shows a reduction in adhesive force and energy dissipation, suggesting increased brittleness and viscosity. Notably, SBSMA exhibits better aging resistance than MA, as demonstrated by its lower roughness, stronger adhesive forces, and less reduction in energy dissipation, highlighting the effectiveness of the SBS modifier in mitigating aging impacts. These results underscore the critical role of material composition in the aging behavior of asphalt binders.

Ethnic identity centrality across the adult lifespan: Aging, cohort, and period effects among majority and minority group members.

Ethnic identity is a major area of study across many disciplines including psychology, sociology, anthropology, and political science. Yet, little is known about changes in ethnic identity across the adult lifespan, and whether such changes are driven by normal aging processes (aging effects), unique societal influences linked with one's formative years (cohort effects), or social changes during a specific time frame (period effects). We address these key oversights by utilizing 13 annual waves of longitudinal panel data from a nationwide random sample of both ethnic majority (N = 49,660) and Indigenous ethnic minority (N = 8,325) group members in New Zealand to examine changes in ethnic identity centrality using cohort-sequential latent growth modeling. This approach helps to identify changes in mean levels of ethnic identity centrality over time and whether such changes are driven by aging, cohort, and/or period effects. Our data reveal that, among both ethnic majority and ethnic minority individuals, changes in ethnic identity centrality were informed by a combination of normative aging processes, societal circumstances that reflected the unique historical context in which people grew to maturity, and societal changes during the 13 annual assessments of our study. Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time that ethnic identity centrality in adulthood is subject to lifelong changes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Investigating the Effects of Asphalt Aging on the Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Steel Slag Aggregates (SSA)

Investigating the Effects of Asphalt Aging on the Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Steel Slag Aggregates (SSA)

Effects of Artificial Aging on Rice Lysophospholipids.

Lysophospholipids (LPLs) represent a major class of polar lipids crucial for rice's nutritional and functional properties. This study investigates the impact of varying storage temperatures (20, 30, and 40 °C) and humidity (50 and 95%) on the nonstarch and starch LPLs of paddy and milled rice. The findings revealed that the average nonstarch LPL content in paddy rice aged at 20 °C (82.6 μg/g) and 40 °C (83.6 μg/g) was significantly lower than that at 30 °C (95.0 μg/g). The nonstarch LPL content of milled rice aged at 20 °C (78.0 μg/g) was significantly higher than that at 30 and 40 °C. High storage temperature (40 °C) and humidity (95%) resulted in a significant reduction in rice total starch LPC and LPE content when compared to low humidity (50%). The ratio of rice starch/nonstarch LPL components such as LPC16:0 and LPC18:2 remarkably increased with increased storage temperature and humidity.

Preconception underweight and the risk of offspring congenital heart diseases in young pregnant women: Evidence from the China Birth Cohort Study.

Maternal obesity is a highly suggestive risk factor of offspring congenital heart diseases (CHD). However, the risk of offspring CHD associated with maternal underweight has rarely been mentioned. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of preconception underweight on offspring CHD. From November 2017 to August 2021, 132 386 pregnant women were enrolled in a birth cohort study in China in early pregnancy, and completed follow-up until delivery (or miscarriage/termination). Offspring CHD was diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound examination in both live births and stillbirths. Log-binomial regression and restricted cubic spline were used to estimate the risk of offspring CHD associated with preconception body mass index (BMI). A generalized additive model was used to explore the modification effect of maternal age on the association between preconception BMI and offspring CHD. A total of 129 096 pregnant women were included in the analysis. The incidence of CHD in the underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups were 117/17 313 (0.68%), 556/85 695 (0.65%), 128/19 936 (0.64%), 47/6152 (0.76%), respectively. Both underweight and obesity before pregnancy marginally increased the risk of offspring CHD. The association between preconception BMI and offspring CHD varied by maternal age, with low preconception BMI associated with a significantly higher risk of offspring CHD in women <24 years (RR 2.32, 95% CI: 1.07-5.01 for 17 vs 21 kg/m2). Preconception underweight was associated with an increased risk of offspring CHD in young pregnant women. Therefore, weight gain is important to prevent offspring CHD, especially for young women with low preconception BMI.