Abstract Background: MicroRNA-200c directly targets ZEB1, an epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT)-inducing transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin and other key determinates of epithelial identity and polarity. Therefore, restoration of miR-200c results in repression of ZEB1, dramatic reduction in migration and invasion, and increased sensitivity to microtubule targeting chemotherapeutics. We hypothesized that in addition to ZEB1, miR-200c targets additional genes that contribute to its myriad effects on maintaining the epithelial phenotype by repressing mesenchymal genes. Results: We performed microarray analysis following restoration of miR-200c to aggressive endometrial cancer cells and identified 18 genes that were both significantly repressed and predicted to be direct targets of miR-200c. These genes, including fibronectin 1 (FN1), class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3), neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase type 2 (NTRK2 or TrkB), leptin receptor (LEPR), moesin (MSN1) and Rho GTPase activating protein 19 (ARHGAP19), are all typically expressed only in non-epithelial cells, such as fibroblasts or neurons. Utilizing luciferase reporter assays and mutational analysis, we validate each of these genes as direct targets of miR-200c. We also demonstrate that restoration of miR-200c leads to a dramatic decrease in mRNA and protein levels of these targets. Further we find that restoration of miR-200c restores anoikis sensitivity to suspended cells, leading to over a 1.5 fold increase in cell death. TrkB is a potent suppressor of anoikis in breast and ovarian cancer models. Addition of TrkB lacking the miR-200c binding site reversed the ability of miR-200c to suppress anoikis. Interestingly, neurotrophin 3 (NTF3), a ligand for TrkB, contains 2 putative miR-200c binding sites and is down regulated upon restoration of miR-200c. Thus, loss of miR-200c in carcinoma cells allows inappropriate translation of both TrkB and NTF3, setting up an autocrine loop that results in anoikis resistance. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that miR-200c serves as a “guardian of the epithelial phenotype” and suppressor of EMT by directly targeting and repressing a program of genes that should not be on in differentiated epithelial cells. We identify a novel function of miR-200c, the ability to suppress anoikis resistance, an important yet understudied step in the metastatic cascade. Funding source: DOD Breast Cancer Program Idea Award BC084162 to JKR Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 137. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-137