Act Of Aggression Research Articles

Pengaruh fanatisme terhadap agresivitas simpatisan partai politik di Kabupaten Bima yang dimoderasi oleh altruisme

During the election period, as well as before and after, there were numerous controversies, one of which involved conflicts between political party sympathizers, including those that occurred in Bima Regency. This conflict was identified as an act of aggression. Aggressiveness often arises from the high levels of fanaticism held by individuals or political party sympathizers. The aim of this research is to examine how fanaticism influences the aggressiveness of political party sympathizers in Bima Regency, with altruism as a moderating factor. The research employed quantitative correlational methods, using data analysis techniques such as moderated regression analysis. Three scales were used in this study: the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), a fanaticism scale, and an altruism scale. The results showed a significant influence of fanaticism on aggressiveness (p<0.005; β = 0.398). However, the second result indicated that altruism did not moderate the relationship between fanaticism and aggressiveness (p>0.005; β = -0.009). The implication of the research is that political party sympathizers should avoid excessive fanaticism to prevent aggressive behavior.

The Role of the Community in Preventing Bullying in Adolescent Children (12-18 Years)

Background: Bullying is an aggressive act that is intentionally shown to teenagers, to disturb other teenagers who are considered weak or strange. Bullying behavior is considered by society as trivial behavior or normal behavior in every human life, in reality bullying behavior is abnormal, unhealthy and socially unacceptable behavior. Community participation is needed to prevent bullying. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the role of society in preventing bullying in teenagers (aged 12-18 years). The research design was quasi-experimental, one group pretest-post test, the research population was 700 respondents with a sample of 42 respondents. The sampling technique was purposive sampling using the Slovin formula, with the inclusion criteria of people who were willing to be respondents, aged 19-60 years, able to read and write, cooperative, at the research location, and married. Exclusion criteria People who did not want to be respondents, were not at the location during the study, were sick. The study was conducted on March 21 - March 28, 2024, with the variable of community participation in preventing bullying, the research instrument used a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient value of Alpha Cronbach α > 0.5. Data were analyzed using the T-test. Data are presented in table form. Results: The results of the T-Test analysis obtained a p value <0.003, which means that there was a change in role after being given health education on bullying prevention. Conclusion: The role of the community is influenced by several factors in preventing bullying, namely gender, age, education, occupation, having received information about bullying prevention and sources of information.

The 1991 Gulf War and the role of the Allied Air Force in destroying Iraq

When the Iraqi army invaded Kuwait, it quickly followed by a strong international reaction, each one of the United States and its allies in the West and the Gulf countries expressed their opposition and disapproval to this act of Iraq. Not only the aforementioned countries but also some of those countries that considered themselves friends of Iraq like the former Soviet Union condemned this aggressive act of Iraq. Hence, to prevent Iraq from taking further actions to attack some other Gulf countries, the United States began to send troops to Saudi Arabia. Along with the military preparations, Iraq was repeatedly warned to withdraw its forces from Kuwait, but it ignored these demands and did not withdraw from it. Consequently, an international military operation involving 34 countries could expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait from December 17 th to February 24 th 1991. Again, the Kuwaiti ruling family could return to power. In this study, we want to elucidate that although the air force strikes played a role in defeating the Iraqi army, but it was not the main factor in defeating it. In addition, it is true that during the six weeks of the International Allies’ air strikes, they dropped dozens of tons of bombs and missiles on the Iraqi army, and the Iraqi army was not capable of fighting the Allies ground forces. We have also briefly discussed the Gulf War and the reasons that led the Iraqi army to invade Kuwait, then we have discussed the role of the Allied countries’ air forces in this war, whether the air force played a major role in the Gulf War or not. Finally, the effects of the Gulf War on the Iraqi government have been explicated.

VIOLÊNCIA SIMBÓLICA NO TRABALHO DOCENTE: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

This report aims to address the issue of symbolic violence in the school environment, more precisely in teaching practice. This fact needs to be discussed, as it has gained notoriety in the studies of different thinkers. This type of violence, in the educational sphere, is not a recent fact and is not considered an act of physical aggression, however, it is related and structured, according to Pierre Bourdieu, under the absolutist cultural imposition of social class on other subjects. The presence of this phenomenon in the school context is quite evident, where the reproduction of the aforementioned type of violence is observed in the pedagogical action, that is, in the practical action of the teacher, in the classroom, in relation to the student, which is called by the french sociologist already mentioned symbolic violence.

THE EU RESPONSE TO THE MASSIVE INFLUX OF DISPLACED PERSONS FROM UKRAINE IN 2022

Russia has been conducting military action against Ukraine since 24 February 2022, in violation of the prohibition on the threat or use of violence against the territorial integrity or independence of any state, which is one of the fundamental principles of modern international law. The Russian aggression has resulted in a sharp increase in migratory pressure on the EU. As a result, the Union launched a special temporary protection procedure for the first time in its history. As temporary protection is one of the instruments of the Common European Asylum System, this article begins with an analysis of its nature within EU asylum policy. The article’s next research question and objective relate directly to the EU’s response to the Russian act of aggression. They are relevant for clarifying the political context of the activation of temporary protection and, simultaneously, establishing the circumstances necessary for the activation of temporary protection in the light of Council Directive 2001/55/EC. This Directive and Council Implementing Decision 2022/382 determine the normative construction of the temporary protection 2022. These elements are its duration, the categories of beneficiaries, and the beneficiaries’ entitlements, which result in obligations for Member States. The analysis of these issues will determine to what extent temporary protection is a viable and effective measure of international protection for displaced persons from Ukraine.

Reproductive Health and Domestic Violence: An Evidence Based Study from District Gujrat (Pakistan)

Domestic violence is generally part of the patterns of violent behavior and control rather than an isolated act of physical aggression. Domestic violence can take a variety of forms, including physical assault, psychological apprehension, constant belittling, intimidation, humiliation, and coercive sex, among others. It frequently can include controlling behavior such as isolating women from family, friends, self-esteem, and movements and restricting their access to fundamental human rights that are significantly associated with the psycho-social and reproductive health of women. Keeping in consideration the importance and sensitivity of the issue, the researcher tries in this study to explore the primary motives behind domestic violence that leads to aggressive behaviors and its impacts on women's reproductive health in our society. The researcher approached the researcher's district police office and obtained the list of registered cases regarding domestic violence in the district of Gujrat, Punjab. The findings of the study indicated that most of the women are the victims of domestic violence (physically, mentally, and sexually) and face discrimination and limited access to reproductive health services and pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality. Results highlighted that domestic violence intensively influenced women's physical as well as psychological conditions that led them towards mental, social, and economic disruptions. The sexual violence, including forced or coerced relationships and unwilling pregnancies, among others, significantly affected the reproductive health and well-being of women.

BULLYING DI DALAM DUNIA PENDIDIKAN: PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI PENDIDIKAN DAN RESIKO KEMATIAN SISWA

The purpose of this arrangement is to analyze how the perspective of the sociology of education responds to the phenomenon of bullying that often occurs in the world of education which can eventually cause the risk of death for its victims. The method used to explore related to this case is a literature study, which involves collecting information from various written sources, such as books, articles, and related documents. The results show that in the world of education, bullying behavior is an aggressive act, both physically and verbally, carried out by individuals repeatedly against other individuals that often occurs in the scope of the educational environment and adversely affects the victim, Both stress, depression, academic decline, to the risk of death. Bullying behavior can be seen as a result of the social structure in the school environment, where the presence of unwritten social hierarchies causes some children who are considered more popular or have power more likely to exhibit this behavior. The reason behind such behavior is to maintain or improve their social status in the hierarchy. So in this case it needs to be seen where the role of teachers is to overcome this problem, especially to minimize the effects that will be caused to victims.

The Impact of Domestic Violence on Women’s Mental Health and Well Being

Every act of aggression, abuse, or threat exhibited by an adult relative, spouse, or ex-partner qualifies as domestic violence. An important human rights issue and public health concern, domestic violence could have negative impacts on one physical and mentally well-being. Women are disproportionately the victims of violence, even though gender roles also play a part.

A Multilevel Analysis of Factors Influencing Bullying Victimization at School among Indonesian Students with Binary Outcome

Bullying is an aggressive act toward someone who cannot defend themselves. Students who experience bullying victimization are treated badly by their friends, such as by being teased, ostracized, or kicked. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influencing factors of students being bullied among Indonesian students. The data used is secondary data from the 2022 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) for Indonesia, with a sample comprised of 11,479 students from 403 schools. Data analysis uses a multilevel model with a binary response because the data is hierarchically structured, and the response variable is binary. The results show that male students, who have missed school, are late for school, repeat a grade, have low grade levels, low teacher support, low discipline, rural schools, and those with small class sizes will have a higher chance of experiencing bullying victimization more often. Overall, this study helps explain the influencing factors of students being bullied so that these factors can be given more attention to improving school policies.

Guaranteeing russia’s responsibility for war crimes in Ukraine: the information and legal aspect

The article examines the issue of bringing russia to justice for mass war crimes, crimes against humanity and acts of aggression committed during the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The purpose of the work is to analyse the available legal instruments, to formulate a comprehensive approach to solving this problem and to search for effective information and legal mechanisms to ensure the inevitability of russia's punishment under international law. The research methodology is based on a systematic analysis of current international legal norms and procedures in the field of international humanitarian law. The relevance of the work is due to the unprecedented scale of war crimes committed by russia in Ukraine and the need to bring the perpetrators to justice in order to restore justice. The scientific novelty is that for the first time a comprehensive information and legal model for prosecuting and bringing to justice the aggressor state for war crimes is proposed. The paper analyses the current legal mechanisms for bringing Russia to justice for war crimes committed in Ukraine at the national and international levels. The practical role of the key institutions – the International Criminal Court and the European Court of Human Rights – in ensuring the inevitability of punishment for the russian federation is considered. Potential opportunities for russia to avoid responsibility are identified. The article proposes an information and legal model for the effective prosecution and bringing russia to justice for its act of aggression against Ukraine. The results obtained can be applied in the field of international criminal law and ensure compliance with international humanitarian law norms. The practical significance lies in the formation of a basis for specific actions by the international community to hold russia accountable for crimes in Ukraine. Despite all the difficulties, the international community should make every effort to bring the russian federation to justice in accordance with international law. The proposed information and legal model can be one of the effective tools to achieve this goal.

The formation of criminal liability for the crime of aggression in international law at the end of the XIX - first half of the XX century

The subject of this study is an act of aggression as a crime, according to the provisions of international criminal and international humanitarian law. The article examines in detail the prerequisites for the formation of legal, in particular, international legal responsibility for the commission of acts of aggression. The author believes that the end of the XIX century became the starting point for the development of legal responsibility for the conduct of aggressive wars, as well as the nature of their conduct. Special attention is paid to the fact that the provisions enshrined in the Charter and the Verdict of the Nuremberg Tribunal have become imperative norms of international law in terms of fixing international crimes, as well as the principles of responsibility for their commission. It is separately noted that the verdict of the Tribunal became an act of increased strength of the people against the commission of crimes of aggression. The research methodology includes the use of such methods of legal science as historical, formal legal, systemic, as well as methods of analysis and dialectics. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the work is a comprehensive detailed study of the process of establishing international criminal responsibility for the crime of aggression in the period from the end of the XIX century to the first half of the XX century. The author analyzes the historical and legal aspects of this process, considering various international documents, agreements and events of that time. The special contribution of the author of the study is expressed in the fact that based on an extensive analysis, the author, through the prism of legal doctrines, international norms and historical reality of the time period under consideration, draws conclusions about what factors influenced the development of understanding of the crime of aggression and why the legal status of criminal responsibility in this area began to form at that time.

The Supply of Weapons to a Victim of Aggression: The Law of Neutrality in Light of the Conflict in Ukraine

Abstract The relationship between the customary law of neutrality and the contemporary rules of the jus ad bellum is notoriously unclear, especially when an international armed conflict stems from an act of aggression, but the United Nations (UN) Security Council has not mandated or authorized any measure pursuant to Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The issue has emerged once again during the recent international armed conflict in Ukraine, in which states not participating in the conflict have disregarded, among other things, the customary prohibition to supply weapons to either belligerent by supplying weapons to Ukraine – that is, the state victim of armed aggression – despite the deadlock in the Security Council. These acts of unilateral unneutral support have not been characterized by the supplying states as being pursuant to exceptions to the law of neutrality or by Russia or other states as being violations of it. This raises the question whether the law of neutrality still bears relevance whenever an act of aggression occurs. In the uncertainty as to the legal regime applicable in this case, the Ukrainian conflict offers an important instance of state practice that might help shed light on the applicability of the customary prohibition to supply weapons, as well as of the law of neutrality in general, when the international conflict is initiated by an act of aggression.

Legal Challenges of Cyber Bullying & Online Harassments - A Comparative Analysis

Legal Challenges of Cyber Bullying & Online Harassments - A Comparative Analysis

Seminar dan Sosialisasi Bimbingan Remaja Usia Sekolah Untuk Penanaman Karakter Anti Bullying di SMP 5 Sawoo Ponorogo

Bullying is a repetitive aggressive act committed by a group or individual against a specific individual. This action is prone to occur during adolescence, as adolescents often struggle to cope with this transition effectively, resulting in psychological and social decline. The prevalence of bullying behaviors frequently reported in the mass media is one example of the issues facing adolescents. This occurs due to various factors, one of which is the weak character of adolescents in facing the transition to adulthood. The purpose of this community service activity is to assist adolescents in cultivating character traits to prevent bullying behavior. This activity utilizes the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method, which involves observation, preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The activity is carried out at SMP 5 Sawoo Ponorogo, chosen because it is a school located on the outskirts of the city and requires character education for adolescents, supported by the low literacy rate in this area. The results of the service include students at SMP 5 Sawoo receiving knowledge from speakers regarding anti-bullying, healthy self-concepts, adolescent challenges and issues, ultimately enabling them to build bridges of hope.

Inter-Ethnic Violence in Nigeria and the Proposed Solution to Address Them

Inter-ethnic violence in Nigeria refers to conflicts and tensions between different ethnic groups within the country. It is a complex issue with deep-rooted historical, social, and political factors. The subject matter of this paper is to examine the prevalence of inter-ethnic tensions in Nigeria, which is defined as an act of aggression or violence between clusters of two or more distinct ethnicities. It identifies the underlying reasons for this violence, which include sectarian strife, ethnic rivalry for resources, political instability, and economic disparity. It also examines the impact of this violence on Nigeria's population and economy, which has been linked to an increase in poverty, dislocation, and migration. Finally, this paper provides an investigation of the approaches employed by the government of Nigeria to tackle this issue, including their successes and failures, and proposes effective solutions to reduce the occurrence of this type of violence. To address these challenges, some proposed solutions include promoting dialogue and reconciliation between ethnic groups, implementing inclusive governance structures, and investing in education and economic opportunities for all communities. Ultimately, this paper emphasizes the need for inter-ethnic collaboration to reduce the incidence of this form of violence and promote security and stability in Nigeria.

‘De Novo’ Psychosis following anterior temporal lobectomy: A case report

IntroductionSurgical treatments for people living with epilepsy have the potential to provide patients with an opportunity to achieve relief from seizures, thus improving their quality of life, but they are not free of complications. The psychiatric consequences are a significant concern because of the potential risks; however, psychotic illnesses have not received adequate research compared to anxiety and depression.ObjectivesTo better identify the psychiatric side effects that can develop following epilepsy surgery, especially psychosis, and to take preventive measures to mitigate its occurrence.MethodsPresentation of a patient’s case and reviewing existing literature regarding de novo psychosis following epileptic surgery.ResultsThe case of interest is a 31-year-old male patient who, or his relatives, has had no history of psychiatric disorders. From age 21, the patient had focal to bilateral seizures, which were preceded by olfactory auras and could occur up to 4-5 times a week and was then diagnosed with epilepsy. In June 2021, the patient underwent a right anterior temporal lobectomy for his medically resistant seizures after a presurgical evaluation and had a notable decrease in the number of seizures, occurring only during periods of sleep every six months. In the fourth month following the operation, the patient began experiencing auditory hallucinations characterized by negative and judgmental voices. After that, he engaged in an aggressive act by holding a knife and assaulting another person in a public area. He was admitted to an inpatient psychiatry service for 12 days with a diagnosis of a psychotic episode. His symptoms significantly improved, and he was discharged with paliperidone 6 mg/daily treatment. After five months, he discontinued the medication, subsequently experiencing a recurrence of auditory hallucinations and aggression. The patient was admitted to the inpatient psychiatric clinic in June 2022 as a result of experiencing paranoid delusions and engaging in a suicide attempt by self-inflicted wrist laceration using a razor blade, which was consistent with the patient’s delusional beliefs. Following 13 days of hospitalization, he was discharged with amisulpride 800 mg/daily in addition to his antiepileptic treatment. After 15 months of discharge, he showed no signs of active psychotic features, and his functioning was moderate to good.ConclusionsCurrent research and reporting of psychiatric outcomes are limited, and the predictive factors and prognosis of psychiatric symptoms in these patients remain obscure. Long-term follow-up is crucial, especially considering the possibility of psychiatric symptoms developing in the months following surgery, as demonstrated by the current case. In addition, preoperative and postoperative assessments may facilitate the management of psychiatric symptoms.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Multi-class hate speech detection in the Norwegian language using FAST-RNN and multilingual fine-tuned transformers

The growth of social networks has provided a platform for individuals with prejudiced views, allowing them to spread hate speech and target others based on their gender, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation. While positive interactions within diverse communities can considerably enhance confidence, it is critical to recognize that negative comments can hurt people’s reputations and well-being. This emergence emphasizes the need for more diligent monitoring and robust policies on these platforms to protect individuals from such discriminatory and harmful behavior. Hate speech is often characterized as an intentional act of aggression directed at a specific group, typically meant to harm or marginalize them based on certain aspects of their identity. Most of the research related to hate speech has been conducted in resource-aware languages like English, Spanish, and French. However, low-resource European languages, such as Irish, Norwegian, Portuguese, Polish, Slovak, and many South Asian, present challenges due to limited linguistic resources, making information extraction labor-intensive. In this study, we present deep neural networks with FastText word embeddings using regularization methods for multi-class hate speech detection in the Norwegian language, along with the implementation of multilingual transformer-based models with hyperparameter tuning and generative configuration. FastText outperformed other deep learning models when stacked with Bidirectional LSTM and GRU, resulting in the FAST-RNN model. In the concluding phase, we compare our results with the state-of-the-art and perform interpretability modeling using Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the model’s decision-making mechanisms.

Ciptakan Pendidikan Nyaman: CSR PLN Peduli Berikan Edukasi Konkret Pencegahan Bullying Sejak Usia Dini Pada Sekolah Sungai Gunung Anyar

Bullying is a deliberate act of aggression and degradation by one or a group of people against another individual. These acts of bullying can be physical, verbal, or relational behaviors that aim to hurt, intimidate, or harm others who may be weaker or unable to defend themselves. Bullying can occur anywhere and anytime, when powerful people have the desire to commit acts of violence on people who do not have power. In recent times, cases of bullying have been increasing and grabbing the attention of the community and inviting concerns for safety and comfort in the educational environment. The impact caused by bullying is that the victim has a long trauma, psychological and mental disruption and emotional uncertainty. The educational environment should be a peaceful and comfortable place to support every child in studying and achieving. It is important that we all come together to prevent and solve this bullying problem. This can be realized by providing an understanding of bullying to the impact that occurs on the victim. Therefore, through the PLN Peduli CSR platform, the author conducts community service activities with the aim of providing teaching to prevent bullying cases. This community service activity is carried out in the form of socialization to early childhood in river schools. The methods used are delivering material (lectures), showing animated films, asking questions to children and playing games together. The results to be achieved after this activity are early childhood understanding of the importance of avoiding bullying behavior and understanding the negative impact of bullying. Children are expected to be more concerned about focusing on themselves and be active in efforts to create a comfortable educational environment without bullying. This activity forms an attitude not to do bad habits and always spread kindness among others.

ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ФЕДЕРАЦІЇ ЗА ЗЛОЧИНИ, СКОЄНІ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The UN has repeatedly condemned Russian aggression and attempts to illegally annex Ukrainian territory, recognized the act of aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine (resolutions "Aggression against Ukraine" dated March 2, 2022, "Territorial integrity of Ukraine: protection of the principles of the UN Charter" dated October 7, 2022). Despite the open condemnation of the policy of the Russian Federation and its invasion of the territory of an independent state by the civilized world, the aggressor country continues to pursue its cruel goals, which contradict any prescriptions of international law and international humanitarian law. Every day, the rights of the civilian population, enshrined in the Geneva Conventions, are demonstrably violated through constant mass attacks, the targets of which are precisely the objects of civilian infrastructure. The international legal community is incredibly determined to ensure the possibility of bringing the Russian Federation to justice for crimes committed on the territory of Ukraine. The article analyzes the forms of material and non-material responsibility that are applied and can be applied to the Russian Federation as an aggressor state, the practice of applying sanctions, the requirements of the claims of Ukraine against the Russian Federation submitted to international jurisdictional bodies (the UN International Court of Justice, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea , of the European Court of Human Rights), the content and consequences of the decisions made. It is concluded that the appeal to international jurisdictional institutions does not concern the establishment of the fact of aggression by the Russian Federation, the resolution of the issue of the form and extent of the responsibility of the aggressor state. It is proved that the order of the International Court of Justice of the United Nations on the application of temporary measures is mandatory according to international law, which imposes clear legal obligations on the states-parties of the dispute and the violation of which "presupposes the obligation to make compensation in the appropriate form". The issues of state execution of the order and compensation in the proper form are considered by the Court in the decision on the merits of the case. The impossibility of preventing military aggression against Ukraine, the partial limitation of this state through the application of sanctions, give reasons to believe that the available methods and mechanisms of international legal responsibility are insufficient. That is why, at the diplomatic level, Ukraine should create new ways of limiting and holding Russia as a state and its individual citizens involved in the leadership and execution of crimes committed on the territory of Ukraine accountable. Key words: state, state functions, martial law, responsibility, coercive measures, security, armed conflict, sanctions.

The relationship between impulsiveness and indirect aggression among Arab female adolescents in Israel: The mediating role of affiliation with delinquent peers and moderating role of closeness to parents.

This study examined the mediating role of affiliation with delinquent peers (ADP) and the moderating role of closeness to parents in the relationship between impulsivity and perpetration of indirect aggression. Arab female adolescents in Israel (aged 12-21; N = 404) completed a self-report questionnaire. The mediation-moderation model was examined after controlling for intersectional factors related to the females' unique social locations in Arab society. The study found that 66.1% of the girls had perpetrated at least one indirect act of aggression at least once during the past month. Moreover, most reported agreement with at least one item that examined their closeness to their father and mother (75.7% and 77%, respectively). The results also showed that the direct effect of impulsivity on perpetration of indirect aggression against others became significant after including the mediation factor (ADP). Finally, for high closeness to parents, the association between impulsivity and ADP was positive and significant, whereas it was insignificant for medium and low closeness. The findings highlight the importance of operationalized as parent-closeness to parents, child communication skills, boundary setting, and monitoring, which may decrease the tendency of adolescents to perpetrate aggression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).