Aggressive Behavior Research Articles

Morphological and Optical Profiling of Melanocytes and SK‐MEL‐28 Melanoma Cells Via Digital Holographic Microscopy and Quantitative Phase Imaging

AbstractMelanoma, which originates from pigment‐producing melanocytes, is an aggressive and deadly skin cancer. Despite extensive research, its mechanisms of progression and metastasis remain unclear. This study uses quantitative phase imaging via digital holographic microscopy, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and t‐distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t‐SNE) to identify the morphological, optical, and behavioral differences between normal melanocytes and SK‐MEL‐28 melanoma cells. Our findings reveal significant differences in cell shape, size, and internal organization, with SK‐MEL‐28 cells displaying greater size variability, more polygonal shapes, and higher optical thickness. Phase shift parameters and surface roughness analyses underscore melanoma cells' uniform and predictable textures. Violin plots highlight the dynamic and varied migration of SK‐MEL‐28 cells, contrasting with the localized movement of melanocytes. Hierarchical clustering of correlation matrices provides further insights into complex morphological and optical relationships. Integrating label‐free imaging with robust analytical methods enhances understanding of melanoma's aggressive behavior, supporting targeted therapies and highlighting potential biomarkers for precise melanoma diagnostics and treatment.

EPID-20. PRIMARY INTRAMEDULLARY PILOMYXOID ASTROCYTOMA OF SPINAL CORD (PIPASC): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CASE REPORTS AND CASE SERIES OF TWO DECADES

Abstract BACKGROUND Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma (PMA), new variant of pilocytic astrocytoma, is more aggressive and relatively rare, mostly seen in children and commonly found in brain. Primary intramedullary pilomyxoid astrocytoma of spinal cord (PIPASC) is extremely rare. The distinct aggressive and pathological behavior, poor prognosis and the diversity in response to various treatment modalities makes the PIPASC an oncologic enigma. We aim to evaluate the clinical manifestations, histopathologic spectrum and onco-surgical management of this neoplasm. MATERIALS AND METHODS After an extensive literature search using PubMed Central and Google Scholar, eight case reports and one case series of patients with spinal PA were retrieved and included using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines without applying any filter of time, study type or place. Case presentations of 12 patients were analyzed in this review. RESULTS Pediatric preponderance of the neoplasm (75%) with the mean age of 7.90 ± 4.51 years was noted. Sensory deficits and scoliotic deformity were the most common presenting symptom and sign in 83.33% and 33.33% of patients, respectively. Thoracic spine (50%) was most commonly affected region. MRI showed the most consistent findings of cord compression in 100% cases and the lesion appeared hypointense on T1- weighted images (T1WI) and hyperintense on T2-weighted images (33.33%). The average post treatment survival duration was found to be more than 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Occurrence of PIPASC among pediatric population is rare. They have possibility of extraneural metastasis, can differentiate into more malignant glioma and get recurrent due to which they require a long-term follow-up of the patients. Further studies are required to investigate the utility of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in its management.

Effects of short-term isolation on social behaviors in prairie voles

Social isolation affects the brain and behavior in a variety of animals, including humans. Studies in traditional laboratory rodents, including mice and rats, have supported the idea that short-term social isolation promotes affiliative social behaviors, while long-term isolation promotes anti-social behaviors, including increased aggression. Whether the effects of isolation on the social behaviors of mice and rats generalize to other rodents remains understudied. In the current study, we characterized the effects of short-term (3-days) social isolation on the social behaviors of adult prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) during same-sex and opposite-sex social interactions. Our experiments revealed that short-term isolation did not affect rates of ultrasonic vocalizations or time spent in non-aggressive social behaviors and huddling during same-sex and opposite-sex interactions. Unexpectedly, although short-term isolation also did not affect time spent in resident-initiated and mutually-initiated aggressive behavior, we found that short-term isolation increased time spent in visitor-initiated aggression during male-male interactions. Our findings highlight the importance of comparative work across species and the consideration of social context to understand the diverse ways in which social isolation can impact social behavior.

PATH-59. HISTOLOGIC CORRELATES FOR MOLECULAR FEATURES IN MENINGIOMAS

Abstract Histologic findings are the primary determinant of meningioma prognosis and post-operative management. However, the association of specific pathologic features with molecular alterations has not yet been comprehensively investigated. Here we utilized a large dataset of well-characterized meningiomas to identify correlates between clinically relevant histological and molecular features. Detailed histologic information was collected for 809 resected meningiomas, including cases with DNA methylation (n=380), copy number array (n=252), next-generation sequencing (n=52), RNA risk score (n=394), and/or TERT promoter profiling (n=238). Analyses were conducted on prognostic pathologic features, including WHO Grade, Ki-67, mitotic index (MI), brain invasion, and atypical histologic findings (necrosis, hypercellularity, prominent nucleoli, sheeting, and small cells). Correlation with molecular variables was performed using Fisher’s Exact Tests, including DNA methylation subgroup, RNA risk score, CNV profiles, and TERT promoter mutations. All statistics were corrected for multiple hypothesis testing. Nearly 65% of meningiomas exhibited at least one atypical histologic feature. Among said features, Ki-67/MI, WHO Grade, sheeting, and necrosis were associated with recurrent lesions and known clinical features of aggressive meningiomas. Several histologic features, including hypercellularity, elevated Ki-67/mitotic index, and WHO grade, also correlated with DNA methylation and RNA risk groups. Several chromosomal arm events were related to specific pathologic features (prominent nucleoli, Ki-67, MI, and grade), including chromosomes 1, 4, 10, 14, and 18. Our analysis highlights the continued value in screening for histologic markers of aggressive behavior in meningiomas, as they correlate with the presence of high-risk molecular features and may serve as proxy markers when advanced molecular testing is not available.

Capturing Competence: The Design, Evaluation, and Implementation of a Video‐Based Instrument for Assessing Verbal Aggression Management Competence

ABSTRACTComplex competences, such as managing students' aggressive behaviour, are challenging to develop during teacher training. Recently, video‐based simulations have been considered promising, yet suitable assessment instruments are limitedly available. This paper reports on the design and evaluation of a video‐based assessment tool tailored to measure preservice teachers' verbal aggression management competence (V‐AMC) development. Design considerations for video‐based activities served as a framework, resulting in an assessment instrument consisting of video vignettes mirroring classroom situations concerning verbal aggressive behaviour, questions prompting situation‐specific skills development, and a coding scheme to analyse preservice teachers' answers. Furthermore, this paper discusses the results of the instrument's implementation on preservice teachers' (n = 182) V‐AMC. Findings support the appropriateness of the instrument in assessing V‐AMC levels and mapping the impact of a simulation‐based intervention. The data partially confirm the intervention's contribution to V‐AMC development. Implications for future interventions targeting competence development are discussed.

Assessment of Risk for Immune and Psychiatric Disorders Using qPCR-Based Monitoring of the nan Gene in Gut Microbiota: A Non-invasive Approach

Aim: This study aimed to establish a non-invasive, rapid, and cost-effective method to assess the potential risk of immune and psychiatric disorders by quantifying nan gene levels in gut microbiota, specifically focusing on Ruminococcus gnavus and other Lachnospiraceae species associated with mucin degradation. Methodology: We first designed a primer set targeting the consensus sequence of the nanA gene, which is highly conserved within nan gene clusters. To validate this primer set, we performed Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) on the PCR-amplified fragments. To explore the association between nan levels and immune or psychiatric disorders, we conducted qPCR to quantify nan levels in the intestines, analyzing intestinal DNA from both allergy-induced mice with or without fructan treatment, and dogs with or without aggressive behavior. Additionally, to assess whether nan levels reflect the clinical status of immune disorders, fecal samples were collected from 45 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and analyzed for nan levels. Results: NGS analysis of DNA fragments amplified from various intestinal samples using the nan primer set confirmed the presence of nanA sequences from R. gnavus and other members of the Lachnospiraceae family, including Blautia and Dorea species. The qPCR quantification of nan levels using this primer set revealed that allergy-induced mice treated with fructans, which are known to be associated with lower allergy scores compared to untreated mice, exhibited significantly reduced nan levels. Additionally, the nan levels of aggressive dogs were substantially higher than those of non-aggressive dogs. Notably, nan levels were also substantially elevated in patients with UC in comparison to the healthy control individuals. Conclusion: qPCR-based measurement of nan levels in gut microbiota shows potential for selectively detecting pathogenic nan-harboring strains and may reflect the clinical status of immune and psychiatric disorders. This approach could provide a non-invasive, rapid, and cost-effective method for assessing the risk of these disorders.

Ultimate Fighting Crab: Agonistic Behaviour, Dominance, and Recognition in the Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.)

Edible crabs (Cancer pagurus) are an economically important species for Scottish inshore fisheries, with an estimated annual landing value of GBP 16 million (2023). Research into the behaviour, particularly agonistic behaviour, of this species is currently lacking. This paper aims to investigate behaviour, social interactions, potential hierarchies, and the impact of claw size on the outcomes of agonistic interactions of male C. pagurus through behavioural trials and retrials. Crabs were semi-randomly assigned to pairs (based on allocated condition index rating) and introduced to one another in trial tanks. Each pair underwent two trials, 24 h apart (the “trial” and “retrial”). Analyses of video records of agonistic bouts revealed that 77% of retrials were won by the initial victors, with a significant decrease in fight time between trials and retrials. Fight time was not correlated with weapon size (claw length, height, and depth). There were no differences in weapon size of winners and losers of bouts. Winners exhibited a significantly higher frequency of aggressive and dominant behaviours (approach, aggressive contact, threat displays, and mounting), and losers exhibited higher frequencies of submissive behaviours (withdrawal, retracting limbs, and remaining motionless). These results suggest that individual behaviour may play more of a role in dominance than size or other morphometric characteristics.

Relationship between Exposure to Violent Content on the Media and Aggressive Behaviour among Adolescent Learners in Western Region, Kenya

This study explores the relationship between exposure to violent media content and aggressive behavior among adolescent secondary school students in Kakamega, Kisii, and Siaya Counties, Kenya. These counties have relatively high media technology access, particularly mobile phones and radio, which exceed national averages. They also report notable incidences of student aggression, with Siaya and Kisii counties showing high rates of student unrest. Grounded in Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, the study utilized a mixed-method approach, adopting descriptive survey and correlational research designs. A sample of 417 students was drawn from a population of 190,555, selected using stratified random sampling method. Data collection involved questionnaires, content analysis, and the Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI). A pilot study conducted in Vihiga County confirmed the reliability of the instruments, with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.87. The study revealed a significant correlation between aggression and exposure to violent content on television (r = 0.211, p = 0.000), with television identified as the most substantial contributor to aggression (B = 0.218, p = 0.001). Notably, 46% of adolescents in Kakamega, Kisii, and Siaya reported constant exposure to violent media, while 11% frequently imitated the violence observed, primarily on mobile phones. Additionally, 9% of respondents justified the violence they encountered, and 56.5% exhibited mild violent tendencies. The study recommends stricter enforcement of media violence regulations, including enhanced penalties and parental guidance ratings, alongside the introduction of media literacy programs in schools. Additionally, it calls for limiting unsupervised internet access for minors, particularly in public cybercafes, to mitigate the negative influence of violent media content.

Effects of anger and trigger identity on triggered displaced aggression among college students: based on the “kicking the barking dog effect”

BackgroundDrawing on the “kicking the barking dog effect”, this study investigated the individual and group-level mechanisms underlying triggered displaced aggression (TDA).MethodsThree experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of anger and hostile attribution on TDA, examining these factors at both the individual and group levels. The preliminary experiment investigated how emotions affect subsequent cognition at an individual level with the aim of understanding the underlying generative process of TDA. Experiment 1 explored the relationship between anger, hostile attribution, and subsequent aggressive behaviors at an individual level, while also discussing the underlying generative process of TDA. Experiment 2 investigated the relationship between anger, hostile attribution, and subsequent aggressive behaviors from a group-level perspective, while also delving into the impact of trigger identity on the underlying generative process of TDA.ResultsWhen individuals were exposed to both a provocation and a subsequent triggering situation, they demonstrated stronger hostile attribution and displayed more aggressive behavior directed toward the trigger. This study found that hostile attribution played a complete mediating role in the influence of anger on TDA, while the triggering situation itself had a moderating role. In the presence of triggering situations, individuals exhibited stronger hostile attribution as their level of anger increased. In the absence of a triggering situation, changes in anger level did not have a significant effect. In the presence of a triggering situation, the identity of the trigger played a moderating role in the process of “anger → hostile attribution → TDA”. When the trigger belonged to an in-group, individuals exhibited stronger hostile attribution toward the out-group and subsequently displayed greater TDA.ConclusionThese findings expand the applicability of the “kicking the barking dog effect” and offer suggestions for controlling the escalation of intergroup conflicts.

The aporetic dialogues of Modena on gender differences: Is it all about testosterone? EPISODE I: CRIME

AbstractThis is the first episode of a series of four discussions on the differences between males and females, in apparently non‐andrological fields. You will read the transcript of discussions that actually took place at the Endocrinology Unit in Modena, Italy, in the form of the aporetic dialogues of ancient Greece. In this episode, the role of testosterone in gender differences in criminal behavior will be explored. The discussants were divided into two groups: group 1, which supports the thesis of a predominant role of testosterone, and group 2, which opposes it. The first group affirmed that both endogenous testosterone and anabolic‐androgenic steroids could trigger aggressive and criminal behavior, regardless of predisposition to psychiatric disease or sociocultural background. The second group asserted the multifactorial genesis of aggressive and criminal behavior, citing other hormonal and non‐hormonal factors, such as neurotransmitters, cortisol, and sociological and psychological aspects. In the end, a forensic physician, acting as a referee, tried to resolve the aporia: are the two theories equivalent or one is superior?

How 808 bass affect people's mental performance

This article delves into the "rage music" trend led by Trippie Redd through his song "Miss the Rage" in 2021, particularly focusing on the psychological implications of the pivotal 808 bass drum within this genre. Originating from the Roland TR-808 drum machine, the 808 bass, with its deep and prolonged tone, has become an iconic element in hip-hop music, eliciting potent psychological and physiological responses from listeners. Research indicates that the 808 bass not only stimulates emotional arousal and excitement due to its unique sonic characteristics but may also trigger aggressive behavior as a result of its long-term association with provocative content. While this connection necessitates substantial repetition to establish, the widespread dissemination of hip-hop music has significantly manifested the provocative effect of the 808 bass within specific demographics. Furthermore, the high volume and multimodal perception of the 808 bass during mental performance contribute to the aggressive behavior of audiences. Nevertheless, the study acknowledges that the direct link between the 808 bass and mental performance requires further investigation, taking into account factors such as cultural backgrounds and listening environments.

Love is a Losing Game: Aggression as a Function of Attachment and Gender Among Cape Verdean Young Adults

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the association between inhibition of exploration and individuality with both mother and father figure, ambivalent attachment style, and aggression dimensions (anger, hostility, physical, and verbal aggression) among Cape Verdean young adults in a romantic relationship. Moreover, the study proposed aggression dimensions as a mediator between the relationship of the aforementioned variables. The study followed a cross-sectional design performed between May and December 2023 among 123 Cape Verdean young adults aged 18 to 35 who reported to have been in an intimate relationship in the last 6 months. Hayes’ PROCESS macro for mediation analysis in SPSS was used to test the hypothesized model. The results suggested that anger and hostility had a significant relationship with inhibition of exploration and individuality, with the mother figure and ambivalent attachment style. Women manifested higher levels of anger and hostility, as well as ambivalent attachment in comparison to men. Additionally, hostility played a significant mediator role between the relationship of the aforementioned variables. The present study adds to the literature by addressing differences in genders’ manifestation of aggressive behaviors in romantic relationships and provides a critical perspective of existing literature with recommendations and limitations of the field.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN PERILAKU SISWA TENTANG BULLYING TERHADAP KESEHATAN MENTAL SISWA KELAS XII IPA 1 DI SMA NEGERI 1 DOLOKSANGGUL TAHUN 2024

Bullying is a deliberate act or aggressive behavior, committed by a group of people or a person repeatedly and over time to a victim who is unable to defend himself easily or as a systematic abuse of power/power. Where low knowledge and poor behavior can have a big impact on a student's mental health. The purpose of the study: this is to find out "The Relationship of Knowledge and Student Behavior About Bullying to the Mental Health of Grade XII Science 1 Students at SMA Negeri 1 Doloksanggul, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in 2024". Type of research: descriptive quantitative analysis using a crosssectional method where independent and dependent variables are studied simultaneously. This research was conducted from March-May 2024 with a population of 43 people. Sampling was done using a total sampling with a total of 43 respondents. Data collection using questionnaires is then examined and processed. From the results of the chi-square chi-square test calculated with the Chi-square table, where it is known that X2 counts (4.968) > X2 Table (1.683) with df = 1 (? = 0.05), then there is a relationship. There is a Relationship between Student Behavior Regarding Bullying to the Mental Health of Grade XII Science 1 Students at SMA Negeri 1 Doloksanggul, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in 2024. From the results of the chi-square chi-square test calculated with the Chi-square table, where it is known that X2 counts (7,947) > X2 Table (1,683) with df = 1 (? = 0.05). So the conclusion in the study is that there is a Relationship between Student Knowledge About Bullying and Mental Health of Class XII Science 1 students at SMA Negeri 1 Doloksanggul, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in 2024. Based on the results of the study, it is hoped that respondents will read or seek a lot of information about what bullying is and its prevention, as well as cooperate with health workers, especially about preventing bullying behavior.

Prognostic Significance of Microvessel Density and Hypoxic Markers in Canine Osteosarcoma: Insights into Angiogenesis and Tumor Aggressiveness

Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive and highly malignant tumor of bone with a poor prognosis and it mirrors the disease in humans. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is driven by hypoxia-induced factors such as HIF-1α and VEGF, both of which play a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis. However, the role of angiogenesis in OSA remains a topic of ongoing debate. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between angiogenesis, measured by intratumoral microvessel density (MVD), hypoxic markers, and clinical outcomes in 28 dogs diagnosed with appendicular OSA. Clinicopathological data such as age, breed distribution, tumor localization, histopathological subtypes, and metastatic behavior were consistent with reported epidemiologic characteristics of canine OSA, though no significant correlation was found among these variables. The results indicated a significant association between higher MVD and high-grade OSA (p = 0.029), suggesting that increased tumor vascularization is linked to more aggressive tumor behavior. Additionally, elevated VEGF expression was strongly correlated with disease-free interval DFI), with a p-value of 0.045. Although HIF-1α positivity showed a trend towards poorer survival, the results did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). These findings highlight the potential role of VEGF as a valuable prognostic marker in canine OSA, which could have potentially important implications for therapeutic targeting and clinical management of the disease. This study advances the understanding of angiogenesis in canine OSA, while emphasizing the need for continued research into the complex mechanisms regulating the interplay between hypoxia, angiogenesis and tumor progression.

Aggression in online gaming: the role of online disinhibition, social dominance orientation, moral disengagement and gender traits among Chinese university students

IntroductionAggressive behaviors in the online gaming world are frequent and have far-reaching negative effects.MethodTo explore the factors and mechanisms of aggressive in games, we surveyed 945 university students using a framework of social dominance orientation, online disinhibition, moral disengagement, and aggression in gaming, and examined the moderating role of gender traits.ResultsWe found no direct relationship between online disinhibition and aggression in gaming; however, through the mediating role of moral disengagement, online disinhibition indirectly affected aggression in gaming behavior and enhanced social dominance orientation. Social dominance orientation predicted both moral disengagement and aggression in gaming behaviors, and the mediating effect of moral disengagement was confirmed through the indirect influence of moral disengagement on aggression in gaming behavior. Moreover, the moral disengagement mechanism significantly predicted aggression in gaming behavior. Furthermore, femininity and androgyny moderated both social dominance orientation toward moral disengagement and aggression in gaming, while masculinity and androgyny moderated the path from online disinhibition to social dominance orientation. Regarding the path from moral disengagement to aggression, all gender trait moderations were significant.DiscussionThis study reveals the role of the moral disengagement mechanism in the process of game-related aggression, providing theoretical support for the explanation of aggressive behavior, which applies to players of any gender. Moreover, this study confirms the moderating role of gender. Unlike biological sex, gender traits are malleable; androgynous traits offer greater adaptability in various environments. Thus, prevention and intervention efforts against online aggression should include strengthening moral education and properly guiding and fostering androgynous gender traits.

The impact of noise-induced hearing loss on individual job performance: exploring the role of aggression and work-related quality of life.

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) may have a significant effect on individual job performance (IJP). These effects may exert through aggression and work-related quality of life (WRQoL). Hence, the present study was conducted to investigate the modeling of the impact of NIHL on IJP by exploring the role of aggression and WRQoL. In 2022, a comprehensive study was carried out on 335 industrial workers in Kaveh Industrial Town, Saveh, Iran. The study encompassed a range of assessments, including a questionnaire-based survey that included the IJP questionnaire, WRQoL questionnaire, and Aggression questionnaire, as well as a pure tone audiometry test. The data gathered from these assessments were analyzed using structural equation modeling, providing a robust framework for understanding the complex relationships between variables. Based on Spearman correlation test there is a negative correlation between NIHLtotal and WRQoL and IJP, with coefficients of -0.459 (P-value < 0.01) and - 0.575 (P-value < 0.01), respectively. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between NIHLtotal and aggression, with a coefficient of 0.374 (P-value < 0.05). The direct effect coefficients for the impact of NIHLtotal on WRQoL, aggression, and IJP were - 0.412, 0.453, and - 0.128, respectively. Moreover, the indirect effect coefficients of NIHLtotal on the IJP through aggression, through WRQoL, and through both aggression and WRQoL were - 0.057, -0.275, and - 0.078, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that NIHL had a negative and positive association with WRQoL and aggression among workers, respectively. Furthermore, IJP was found to be directly and indirectly influenced by NIHL, through reduced WRQoL and aggressive behavior as negative consequences of NIHL.

Exploring the Utility of the Limited Prosocial Emotions Specifier for Subtyping Conduct Problems and Oppositional Defiant Problems: A Multi-informant Study.

This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of the "Limited Prosocial Emotions" (LPE) specifier in subtyping conduct problems (CP) and oppositional defiant problems (ODP) among two samples including 1203 parent-child dyads and 1,937 school-attending youths in Iran. The prevalence of LPE across the entire sample, as well as subsamples of youths with clinically elevated levels of CP and ODP, were examined. CP + LPE individuals scored significantly higher than CP-Only youths on several measures of externalizing psychopathology and depression, although these findings were not fully consistent across informants. Several anticipated differences in measures of aggression and antisocial behavior were not found. Also, no significant group differences were observed between the ODP + LPE and ODP-Only groups concerning externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. In the total sample, youths with LPE scored significantly higher in measures of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology than those without LPE, though the magnitude of these differences was in small ranges. Overall, the findings provide only limited support for the clinical utility of the LPE specifier for CP and none whatsoever for ODP.

High‐dose propranolol decreases aggression in young people with autism

As many as two‐thirds of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience challenging symptoms of irritability, including aggression and self‐injury. The antipsychotics risperidone and aripiprazole are approved for the treatment of irritability associated with ASD; however, their adverse effects can compromise long‐term use in many patients. Based on longstanding case reports showing promising results for the beta‐blocker propranolol in reducing challenging symptoms in ASD, investigators conducted a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial to evaluate the feasibility of high‐dose propranolol for treating aggression in patients with ASD. The investigators recruited youths and young adults aged 12 to 30 with ASD and a history of severe and chronic aggression, self‐injury, and disruptive behaviors that interfere with daily activities. Participants were required to have had an inadequate trial of at least two psychotropic medications, including at least one antipsychotic. Dosing of propranolol started at 10 mg three times a day and could be increased until adequate therapeutic response was achieved, to a maximum dose of 200 mg three times a day. Most study visits were conducted via telehealth in order to minimize patient schedule disruption. The primary outcomes were change in scores on the Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement (CGI‐I) and Aberrant Behavior Checklist‐Community (ABC‐C) scales from baseline to study endpoint. Six participants with a mean age of 16 years were enrolled. The investigators found that propranolol resulted in mean reductions of 50% in scores on the CGI‐I and 37% in scores on the ABC‐C. Effect sizes were large for both measures: –0.74 for the CGI‐I and –0.64 for the ABC‐C. “As this was a feasibility pilot study, we had a small sample that limits the generalization of our results to a wider population, and therefore, until a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study with an adequate number of subjects is conducted, the clinical value of this report is limited,” the study's authors wrote. [London, E., et al. (2024). J Clin Psychopharmacol. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000001895]

Multidisciplinary Canadian consensus on the multimodal management of high-risk and radioactive iodine-refractory thyroid carcinoma

Most follicular cell-derived differentiated thyroid carcinomas are regarded as low-risk neoplasms prompting conservative therapeutic management. Here, we provide consensus recommendations reached by a multidisciplinary group of endocrinologists, medical oncologists, pathologists, radiation oncology specialists, a surgeon and a medication reimbursement specialist, addressing more challenging forms of this malignancy, focused on radioactive iodine (RAI)-resistant or -refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (RAIRTC). In this document we highlight clinical, radiographic, and molecular features providing the basis for these management plans. We distinguish differentiated thyroid cancers associated with more aggressive behavior from thyroid cancers manifesting as poorly differentiated and/or anaplastic carcinomas. Treatment algorithms based on risk-benefit assessments of different multimodal therapy approaches are also discussed. Given the scarcity of data supporting management of this rare yet aggressive disease entity, these consensus recommendations provide much needed guidance for multidisciplinary teams to optimally manage RAIRTC.

A panel network approach of internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood: Evidence from American and Chinese preschoolers.

Internalizing and externalizing problems tend to co-occur beginning in early childhood. However, the dynamic interplay of symptom-level internalizing and externalizing problems that may drive their co-occurrence is poorly understood. Within the frameworks of the Network Approaches to Psychopathology and the Developmental Cascade Perspective, this study used a panel network approach to examine how symptoms of internalizing and externalizing problems are related in early childhood both concurrently and longitudinally and whether the pattern may differ in American (N = 1,202) and Chinese (N = 180) preschoolers. Internalizing and externalizing problems were rated by mothers in two waves. Results from cross-sectional networks showed that the bridge symptoms underlying the co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing problems were largely consistent in American and Chinese preschoolers (e.g., withdrawal, aggressive behavior, anxiety and depressive moods). Results from cross-lagged panel networks further showed that the co-occurrence was manifested by unidirectional relations from internalizing to subsequent externalizing symptoms in both American and Chinese preschoolers. The findings contribute needed cross-cultural evidence to better understand the co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing problems and highlight the temporal heterogeneity of the symptom networks of internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood.