Aggregation-induced Emission Activity Research Articles

Effects of a Larger N‐Heterocyclic Ring in Rofecoxib Analogues on AIE Activity and Multifunctional Applications

AbstractTwo analogues of rofecoxib, 2‐Pyr‐ROF and 2‐Pip‐ROF, were designed according to the strategy of heterocyclic ring enlargement and facilely synthesized in a facile manner by Knoevenagel reactions. The first compound, 2‐Pyr‐ROF, had low quantum yields (QY) of 3.0 % in the solid states. After replacing the pyrrolidinyl with piperidinyl, the resulting 2‐Pip‐ROF had a significantly increased QY, with a value of 28 %. The root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) values between S0 and S1 of 2‐Pyr‐ROF and 2‐Pip‐ROF in tetrahydrofuran were 0.51, 0.35 Å, respectively. As compared with 2‐Pyr‐ROF, compound 2‐Pip‐ROF exhibited a smaller RMSD, which indicated a lower non‐radiative transition rate. A single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study and Hirshfeld surfaces analysis revealed that 2‐Pip‐ROF had a more nonplanar molecule structure and a weaker π‐π interaction, which might result in a higher fluorescence intensity and QY. Owing to its better aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) behavior, compound 2‐Pip‐ROF showed more multi‐functional applications, including mechanochromism, acidochromism, and lipid droplets imaging ability. These results imply that the strategy of heterocyclic ring enlargement provides a new paradigm for the design of new luminogens with AIE properties.

Aggregation-induced emission activity of sensor TBM-C1 hybrid of methoxy-triphenylamine (OMe-TPA) and dicyanovinyl for cyanide detection in aqueous THF: Mechanistic insights and potential applications

A series fluorescent probes (TBM-Cx (x = 1, 4, 8)) were designed based on embedding various alkoxy chains on the electron donor of triphenylamine (TPA)-based dicyanovinyl (MT) compound with an electron-deficient benzothiadiazole (BTD) for sensitive, selective, and visualizing detection of cyanide in aqueous solution. Due to the nucleophilic addition of CN−, the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) of these probes was inhibited by the destroyed conjugated structure, exhibiting excellent “turn-on” fluorescence response toward cyanide anion (CN−) in tetrahydrofuran (THF). However, the alkoxy chains with different lengths embedded in TPA not only enhance the sensitivity and solubility, but also regulate the emission behavior from ICT to aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. The binding mechanism and AIE sensing performances between the probes and CN− have been investigated and compared in THF/water mixture by spectral tools and theoretical calculations. The results showed that the ICT-based TBM-C1 probe with methoxy chain showed significantly turn-on fluorescence response to CN− as low as 0.077 μM in THF/water solution at high water fraction (90 %). Due to the AIE sensing process, TBM-C1 was successfully employed to determine CN− in food and water samples, image CN− in living cells and BALB/c mice, and prepare test kits for visualizing cyanide.

Fluorometric and colorimetric quantitative analysis platform for acid phosphatase by cerium ions-directed AIE and oxidase-like activity.

A facile and sensitive fluorescent and colorimetric dual-readout assay for detection of acid phosphatase (ACP) was developed via Ce(III) ions-directed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of glutathione-protected gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) and oxidase-mimicking activity of Ce(IV) ions. Free Ce(IV) ions exhibited a strong oxidase-mimetic activity, catalytically oxidizing colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into its blue product oxTMB in the presence of dissolved O2, thus triggering a remarkable color reaction detectedvisually. ACP can hydrolyze L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AAP) with the production of ascorbic acid (AA). The AA is able to reduce Ce(IV) ions to Ce(III) ions, thus quenching the oxidase-mimetic activity of Ce(IV) ions. Meanwhile, Ce(III) ions induce AIE of GSH-AuNCs, resulting in the enhancement of thefluorescence signal of GSH-AuNCs. Both the fluorescent and colorimetric dual-mode analysis platforms exhibit a sensitive response to ACP, providing detection limits as low as 0.101 U/L and 0.200 U/L, respectively. Besides, this fabricated dual-mode detection platform holds the potential for analysis of ACP in human serum samples and screening inhibitors for ACP. With good performance and practicability, this study shows promising application in the convenient and reliable determination of ACP activity.

Pt(II) Tetrafacial Barrel with Aggregation-Induced Emission for Sensing.

A new tetraphenylpyrazine-based tetraimidazole ligand (L) was synthesized and used for subcomponent self-assembly with cis-(tmeda)Pd(NO3)2 and cis-Pt(PEt3)2(OTf)2, leading to the formation of two tetrafacial barrels [Pd8L4(tmeda)8](NO3)16 (1) and [Pt8L4(PEt3)16](OTf)16 (2), respectively. Although ligand L is aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active, barrel 2 showed a magnificently higher AIE activity than ligand L, while 1 failed to retain the AIE properties of the ligand. Pd(II) barrel 1, undergoing an aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) phenomenon, nullified the AIE activity of the ligand to be used in the photophysical application. The enhanced emission in the aggregated state of Pt(II) barrel 2 was used for the recognition of picric acid (PA), which is explosive in nature and one of the groundwater contaminants in landmine areas. The recognition of picric acid was found to be selective in comparison with that of other nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), which could be attributed to ground-state complex formation and resonance energy transfer between picric acid and barrel 2. The use of new AIE-active assembly 2 for selective detection of PA with a low detection limit is noteworthy.

Preparation of photosensitive antibacterial nanocomposite film and its preservation effect on pork loin

Enhancing antimicrobial activity of food packaging is highly desirable and challenging. In this study, biodegradable and effective antibacterial nanocomposite films were prepared by incorporating self-assembled nanoparticles of the natural photosensitizer berberine and 3,4,5-methoxy cinnamic acid into the gelatin-based film matrixes. The self-assembled berberine-3,4,5-methoxycinnamic acid nanoparticles (BT NPs) exhibit aggregation-induced emission activity when exposed to visible light, resulting in enhanced antibacterial activity. With the addition of BT NPs, the nanocomposite films showed improved UV shielding ability, hydrophobicity, and water vapor transmission rate. More importantly, the nanocomposite films utilized sunlight to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus inactivated all the inoculated Staphylococcus aureus within merely 15 min. Additionally, even under dark, NPs exhibited adequate antimicrobial activity. Finally, the antimicrobial effect of packaging tests on pork tenderloin samples was confirmed, as the total bacterial count of the samples remained below 6 log CFU/g on the 10 d. Therefore, this study offers new perspectives on the development of natural and potent antimicrobial food packaging.

More Is Better: Dual-Acceptor Engineering for Constructing Second Near-Infrared Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens to Boost Multimodal Phototheranostics.

The manipulation of electron donor/acceptor (D/A) shows an endless impetus for innovating optical materials. Currently, there is booming development in electron donor design, while research on electron acceptor engineering has received limited attention. Inspired by the philosophical idea of "more is different", two systems with D'-D-A-D-D' (1A system) and D'-D-A-A-D-D' (2A system) structures based on acceptor engineering were designed and studied. It was demonstrated that the 1A system presented a weak aggregation-induced emission (AIE) to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) phenomenon, along with the increased acceptor electrophilicity and planarity. In sharp contrast, the 2A system with one more acceptor exhibited an opposite ACQ-to-AIE transformation. Interestingly, the fluorophore with a more electron-deficient A-A moiety in the 2A system displayed superior AIE activity. More importantly, all compounds in the 2A system showed significantly higher molar absorptivity (ε) in comparison to their counterparts in the 1A system. Thanks to the highest ε, near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) emission, desirable AIE property, favorable reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and high photothermal conversion efficiency, a representative member of the 2A system handily performed in fluorescence-photoacoustic-photothermal multimodal imaging-guided photodynamic-photothermal collaborative therapy for efficient tumor elimination. Meanwhile, the NIR-II fluorescence imaging of blood vessels and lymph nodes in living mice was also accomplished. This study provides the first evidence that the dual-connected acceptor tactic could be a new molecular design direction for the AIE effect, resulting in high ε, aggregation-intensified NIR-II fluorescence emission, and improved ROS and heat generation capacities of phototheranostic agents.

Fluorometric detection of alpha-fetoprotein based on the use of a novel organic compound with AIE activity and aptamer-modified magnetic microparticles

BackgroundLiver cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and it seriously threatens human life and health. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), as a carcinogenic glycoprotein, is an important serum marker for detecting liver cancer. Therefore, the accurate and sensitive determination of AFP is crucial for the early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. To this end, a label-free fluorescence aptasensor for detecting AFP based on the use of a novel organic Compound D with an aggregation-induced emission activity and aptamer-modified magnetic microparticles was constructed. ResultsCompound D could combine with the complementary short chain of the aptamer (CSC-Apt) of AFP to form the D/CSC-Apt complex and realize the fluorescence enhancement of Compound D. Then, magnetic particles modified by the Apt of AFP (Apt-Fe3O4) were prepared. When AFP (or nontarget substance) and D/CSC-Apt were successively added to the Apt-Fe3O4 solution, Apt-Fe3O4 selectively bound to AFP or the D/CSC-Apt complex. Magnetic separation technology showed the changes in the fluorescence intensity of the supernatant. The research results revealed a good linear relationship between the changes in the fluorescence intensity of the supernatant and concentration of AFP within the concentration range of 10–10000 pg mL−1. The proposed aptasensor could achieve high-sensitivity and high-specificity detection of AFP, and its limit of detection was 3 pg mL−1 (S/N = 3). Significance and noveltyThe sensor combines the advantages of high selectivity of Apt, high sensitivity of fluorescence analysis, AIE effect and good water solubility of Compound D, and rapid separation using magnetic separation technology. And it can be directly used for the detection of AFP in actual serum samples with high accuracy, whereas most of the methods reported in the literature can only detect AFP in spiked serum samples.

A facile and highly selective “turn-on” fluorescent chemodosimeter for Hg2+ and its AIE activity

An aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active anthracene-based fluorescent chemodosimeter, anthracene-9-carbaldehyde hydrazone (ACH), was synthesized via a facile one-step reaction from anthracene-9-carbaldehyde (AC) and hydrazine monohydrate. The structure of probe ACH was completely characterized by a variety of methods, including MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis. The probe ACH showed high specificity and excellent sensitivity for Hg2+ in MeOH-water (9/1, v/v) solution, which exhibited an obvious fluorescence “turn-on” change with a mega Stokes shift of 157 nm (λEx = 256 nm, λEm = 413 nm) and a low detection limit of 5.67 × 10−8 M. Studies of the sensing mechanism indicated that the fluorescence “turn-on” response was presumably owing to the Hg2+-promoted hydrolysis reaction of ACH to provide the intensely fluorescent AC. It was worth noting that the reaction-based probe could be successfully used to detect the concentration of Hg2+ in real water samples and distinguish Hg2+ on the filter papers and TLC plates. We expect this work can stimulate the emergence of preferable fluorescent chemodosimeter for practical application.

Alkyl-substituted bipyridyl platinum (II) complexes bearing alkynyl-naphthalimide ligands: Synthesis, photophysical properties, and tunable aggregation-induced emission activity

Different alkyl chains were introduced into alkynyl-naphthalimide ligands and bipyridine ligands to synthesize five platinum complexes, their structures were characterized and the photophysical properties were systematically investigated. It was found that the introduction of alkyl chains had no obvious effect on the absorption and emission of these complexes in dilute solution, while influence aggregation-induced emission activity in aggregated state. In the mixed solvent system of tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycol, the shorter alkyl chains on the bipyridine ligands strengthen the aggregation-induced phosphorescence emission (AIPE) properties of complexes, however, the introduction of different alkyl chains on the alkynyl-naphthalimide ligands makes no difference on their AIPE properties. Combining the single crystal results and Hirshfled surface analysis, the photophysical properties of these complexes in aggregated state were affected by the stacking modes, which is due to the different interactions. This research may broaden the scope for the design of multi-functional materials adopting different aggregation states.

AIE activity, mechanochromic property and solvent inclusion of two β-diketones with tetraphenylethylene unit

Highly twisted molecular conformation easily leads to the loose molecular packing and big voids, which are desirable for mechanochromism and solvent inclusion. Here, TPE-BF and TPE-BT with highly twisted molecular conformation were designed and synthesized by α-substitution of two β-diketonates. TPE-BF and TPE-BT show similar aggregation-induced emission activity, but different mechanochromism. Subsequently, the corresponding internal mechanism are analyzed and discussed in-depth by XRD, DSC, fluorescence lifetime, crystal analysis and theoretical calculation. Compared with crystal TPE-BF, crystal TPE-BT exhibits more obvious mechanochromism (red shift of 12 nm) before/after grinding, which is attributed to EtOAc inclusion and different intermolecular interactions and stacking. Furthermore, wavelength shifts of TPE-BF and TPE-BT do not exceed 35 nm after phase transition from crystalline state to amorphous state. Obviously, highly twisted molecular conformations fail to bring about high-contrast mechanochromism (wavelength shift above 100 nm), whose reason should be the suppressed intermolecular π-π interactions and overlap before/after grinding. Combined with previous research results of our laboratory, the luminogens forming solvent inclusion generally have twisted molecular conformation, and similar structural fragment with solvent molecule, which will provide a potential design strategy for selective solvent inclusion.

Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Iridium(III) Complexes for Sensing Picric Acid in Water

Herein, two new iridium(III) complexes, namely Ir2 and Ir3, with a phenyl or triphenylamine (TPA) moiety at the 4-position of the phenyl ring at 2-phenylbenzothiazole, have been synthesized, and their emission properties have been studied systematically compared with the non-substituted complex Ir1. These three complexes exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in H2O/CH3CN. The TPA-substituted complex Ir3 shows the highest AIE activity. All complexes can be used as sensors to detect picric acid (PA) in water. The Stern–Volmer constant (KSV) of Ir3 for the detection of PA was determined to be 1.96 × 106 M−1, with a low limit of detection of 2.52 nM. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, and density function theory calculations confirm that the emission quenching mechanism of Ir3 is caused by photo-induced electron transfer. Furthermore, the efficient detection of PA in natural water proves that Ir1–Ir3 can be used as promising sensors in the natural environment. These results suggest that the AIE-active iridium(III) complexes can be used to detect PA under environment-friendly conditions.

Glyco-nanoparticles with aggregation-induced emission for detection of phenols

The glucose-containing polymer (PGlu) and boronic acid functionalized tetraphenylethylene (TPEDB) self-assembled into glyco-nanoparticles linked by boronate esters. Such nanoparticles have shown a typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect. Phenols containing vicinal diols could break the reversible boronate esters connecting nanoparticles due to their higher affinity for boronic acid groups than that of saccharides. Therefore, these glyco-nanoparticles with AIE activity could be used as a selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for phenols with vicinal diols.

Highly selective naked eye pyridine-2,6-dicarbohydrazide based colorimetric and fluorescence chemosensor for Pb2+ with AIE activity

In this work, two novel fluorescein hydrazone N'2, N'6-bis[(1E)-1-(thiophen-2-yl) ethylidene] pyridine-2, 6-dicarbohydrazide (L1) and N'2, N'6-bis[(1E)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl) ethylidene] pyridine-2, 6-dicarbohydrazide (L2) were synthesized and characterized by simply changing substituents in the ligand framework. Upon addition of metals, L1 did not show any characteristic change, whereas L2 selectively sensed Pb2+ ion with the change of coloration from colorless to dark yellow for the visual detection of Pb2+ ion with emission at 493 nm. The obtained limit of detection (LOD) values 2.3 µM for Pb2+ clearly revealed the considerable sensitivity of the chemosensor L2. FTIR, Mass analysis and Job's plot indicated that two L2 molecules bind to one Pb2+ ion, which might be due to chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effect. Moreover, L2 possesses no aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics but can detect Pb2+ ions selectively in the “on” mode based on the AIE of their complexes in the media of DMSO/H2O, which will provide a new strategy for target detection based on AIE. The quantum yield of L2 enhances significantly in the presence of Pb2+.

Hybridization of triphenylamine to BODIPY dyes at the 3,5,8-positions: A facile strategy to construct near infra-red aggregation-induced emission luminogens with intramolecular charge transfer for cellular imaging

A series of five BODIPY derivatives with triarylamine (TPA) moieties on their 3-, 5-, or 8-positions were reported, which showed wide-range fluorescence emissions across red and near infrared regions in their aggregation states. The influences of numbers and substituted positions of TPA groups on the optical and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties of these BODIPYs as well as organelle-specific imaging in live cells were investigated. The TPA groups installed at 3-/5-positions of BODIPY could effectively enlarge the conjugated system and red-shift the absorption and emission bands (λemmax up to 815 nm). In contrast, the TPA group linked to 8-position of BODIPY core has little contribution to decrease the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Importantly, regardless the substitution positions of TPA groups, all these TPA-substituted BODIPYs (BTs) showed remarkable AIE performance and possessed high molar extinction absorption (up to ∼ 63000 M−1 cm−1), two-photon absorption (up to 171 GM at 870 nm), and large Stokes shifts. The BODIPY with one TPA group (BT1 and FBT1) showed lipid droplets-specific localization while BODIPY with two and three TPA groups (BT2, BT3 and FBT2) preferred to enrich in lysosomes. These BODIPYs all have been successfully used in tracking the dynamic behaviors of lipid droplets or lysosomes in living cells. Furthermore, BT1 and FBT1 can quantitatively detect the overexpression of lipid droplets, and BT3 has been successfully used to observe lysosomes behaviors of lipophagy process in living cells. This work systematically studied the influence of the number and position of TPA units on the optical properties and AIE-activities of BODIPYs, which not only enriched the BODIPY-based AIE NIR probes for organelle-specific imaging in live cells, but also provided a practical strategy for the effective construction of organic dyes with NIR AIE activity.

Automated discovery of nanomaterials via drug aggregation induced emission

Nanoformulations of small molecule drugs are essential to effectively deliver them and treat a wide range of diseases. They are normally complex to develop, lack predictability, and exhibit low drug loading. Recently, nanoparticles made via co-assembly of hydrophobic drugs and organic dyes, exhibited drug-loading of up to 90% with high predictability from the drug structure. However, these particles have relatively short stability and can formulate only a small fraction of the drug space. Here, we developed an automated workflow to synthesize and select novel dye stabilizers, based on their ability to inhibit drug aggregation-induced emission (AIE). We first screened and identified 10 drugs with previously unknown strong AIE activity and exploited this trait to automatically synthesize and select a new ultra-stabilizer named R595. Interestingly, it shares several synthetic similarities and advantages with polydopamine. We found that R595 is superior to myriad types of excipients and solubilizers such as cyclodextrins, poloxamers, albumin, and previously published organic dyes, in both long-term stability and drug compatibility. We investigated the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of the AIEgenic MEK inhibitor trametinib-R595 nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo and demonstrated that they are non-toxic and effective in KRAS driven colon and lung cancer models.

Filling the gap between molecular and aggregate states: how does molecular packing affect photophysical properties?

Current research shows that photophysical behaviors of fluorescent materials are used to be regulated by molecular design, but in fact it remains elusive to directly correlate molecular structures with the macroscopic properties at aggregate state. Herein, a series of natural alicycle-incorporated salicylideneanilines with aggregation-induced emission activity as well as their corresponding simple ones have been synthesized to fill the gap between molecular and aggregate level. Unexpectedly, the largely stronger emission of the simple salicylideneaniline with Br substituent over its alicycle-fused compound contrasts the previous molecular design strategy of rigidification effect via structural incorporation of alicycles, suggesting the influential effect of packing, which can be further verified by quenched emission of the simple Cl-substituted salicylideneaniline due to its compact packing. Moreover, comprehensive stimuli-responsive chromic investigations prove that the packing modes correlate well with the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer and cis to trans isomerization processes, enabling the Me-substituted simple salicylideneaniline with loosest packing photochromic, while the one (Cl group) with most compact packing mechanochromic. Hence, this work helps to bridge the gap between molecular structures and macroscopic properties via molecular packing.

Enhanced Aggregation-Induced Emission Activity of Metal–Organic Frameworks by Using Machine Learning Technology

Enhanced Aggregation-Induced Emission Activity of Metal–Organic Frameworks by Using Machine Learning Technology

Abnormal push-pull benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a][1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-e]pyrimidine fluorophores in planarized intramolecular charge transfer (PLICT) state: Synthesis, photophysical studies and theoretical calculations

The combination of excellent luminescence with high solvent polarity effect and aggregation induced emission (AIE) is an ideal combination for creating fluorophores/probes with high microenvironmental sensitivity. However, many push-pull chromophores of the D−A type in common intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state with a significant solvatochromic effect and AIE activity, have poor luminescent properties. Herein, to overcome this problem by using reactions of nucleophilic aromatic hydrogen substitution (SNH), we have designed a series of novel 4-heteroaryl-substituted 2-aryl-2H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a][1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-e]pyrimidine fluorophores possessing a planarized intramolecular charge transfer (PLICT) state. All these fluorophores exhibited high luminescence quantum yields (up to 60%) and large Stokes shift values of up to 7459 cm−1. Among them, the fluorophore 4h was found to exhibit the most pronounced positive solvatochromic effect and the probe 4f exhibited the most pronounced aggregation induced emission characteristics. This AIE behavior was further confirmed by means of time-resolved fluorescence lifetime measurements as well as DFT-assisted geometry optimization studies. In the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) compound 4h exhibited a well-pronounced acidochromism via visible color change from yellow-green to orange which returned to the original yellow-green solution after the addition of triethylamine (TEA). The Stern-Volmer constant for the probe 4h towards TFA was 38 M−1. Finally, for the compounds 4f, g, h theoretical calculations in the ground and excited states in different solvents were carried out to confirm the PLICT process. Based on all above the herein reported PLICT fluorophores 4a-h can be successfully applied as biological probes and optical switches.

Facile synthesis of phenothiazine-pyrazine-based donor-acceptor-donor regioisomers: Influence of molecular geometry on aggregation-induced emission

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent molecules are in great demand due to the wide range of applications. In this article, three regioisomers namely, o-PyPTZ, m-PyPTZ and p-PyPTZ, with pyrazine (Py) as acceptor and phenothiazine (PTZ) as donor, were rationally designed and synthesized. Phenothiazine moieties are attached to pyrazine core as peripheral groups at 2,3- 2,5- and 2,6-positions. The attachment of bulky PTZ pendants at different position of pyrazine core could influence the molecular packing modes, resulting in discrete photophysical and electronic properties. The resulting regioisomers are weakly fluorescent in dilute solutions but highly emissive upon aggregate formation, verifying their AIE activities. They are thermally and morphologically stable with degradation temperature of 372–407 °C. Single-crystal structures of three isomers indicate their twisted conformation. A detailed comparison of the photophysical, electronic and structural properties of these isomers has been made with a view to studying the outcome of the positional change.

Size-Controllable Eu-MOFs through Machine Learning Technology: Application for High Sensitive Ions and Small-Molecular Identification.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) activities exhibit potential applications in the fields of energy and biomedical technology. However, the controllable synthesis of MOFs in the varied particle sizes not only affects their AIE activities, but also restricts their application scenarios. In this work, the varied particle sizes of Eu-MOFs are synthesized by adjusting the synthesis process parameters, and their variation rules combining the single factor analysis method with machine learning technology are studied. Based on the R2 score, the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) regression model (0.9535) is employed to calculate the weight and correlation between different synthesis process parameters and it is shown that all these parameters have synergic effects on the particle sizes of Eu-MOFs, and the Eu-precursors concentration dominates in their synthesis process. Furthermore, it is indicated that the large size of Eu-MOFs and strong structural stability contribute to their high AIE activities. Finally, a screen-printed pattern is fabricated using the sample of "120-0.3-6," and this pattern exhibits a bright red fluorescence under the UV light. More importantly, this kind of Eu-MOFs can also be used to identify varied ions (Fe3+ , F- , I- , SO42- , CO32- , and PO43- ) and citric acid.