Aggregate In Cement Mortar Research Articles

Studying of Mechanical Behavior of Waste Materials Modified Cement Mortar

Large-scale environmental problems have been triggered by ceramic tiles from demolished buildings and animal bone waste. Therefore, optimizing their potential for reuse and recycling is an important goal of sustainable solid waste management. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of partial replacement of the fine aggregates in cement mortar with a combination of natural animal bone powder and industrial waste materials which is wall tiles ceramic powder. This study measures thermal and mechanical characteristics. Recycling construction waste is one of many ways to deny waste material from entering landfills and create new eco-friendly material that reduces energy consumption in buildings. Modified mortar cement specimens with 5% up to 25% mixtures were combined using a 1:3 ratio and a 0.5 W/C ratio to see how the ratios would affect the material’s properties. The addition of a superplasticizer boosted the cement mortar’s workability and compressive strength. The compressive strength, flexural strength, density, and thermal conductivity were evaluated for each mortar mixture ratio. Results showed that compared to regular cement mortar, cement mortar combined with 20% bone and ceramic powder wastes reached the optimal replacement percentage. Compressive strength increased by 54% and flexural strength by about 67%. At the 28-day mark, thermal insulation was lowered by 25%.It is concluded from this study that it is possible to use bone waste as a natural material with ceramic waste as an industrial material to modify the insulation and mechanical properties of cement mortar.

Evaluation of Iron Ore Tailings From the Fundão Dam Failure in Mariana-MG As A Partial Substitute For Conventional Fine Aggregates in Cement Mortars

Evaluation of Iron Ore Tailings From the Fundão Dam Failure in Mariana-MG As A Partial Substitute For Conventional Fine Aggregates in Cement Mortars

Utilizing Edge-Oxidized Graphene Oxide to Enhance Cement Mortar's Properties Containing Crumb Rubber: Toward Achieving Sustainable Materials.

Scrap tires have become one of the most serious environmental issues worldwide in recent years. Exploiting this scrap has caught the attention of researchers in their efforts to conserve the environment. From a structural engineering materials perspective, a partial fine aggregate in cement mortar can be replaced by crumb rubber produced from scrap tires. This research mainly emphasizes the role of adding 0.1% edge-oxidized graphene oxide EOGO (by the weight of cement) in enhancing the properties of cement mortars containing 5%, 10%, and 15% of crumb rubber (by sand replacement). Cube and prism specimens were employed to investigate compressive and flexural strengths at 7- and 28-day curing ages. A porosity test was also conducted after 28 days of curing. In addition, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test was performed to investigate the effect of incorporating EOGO on the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Results showed an enhancement of the mechanical properties of cement mortar, including compressive and flexural strengths, with the inclusion of EOGO in the mixes. The findings demonstrated that adding EOGO can improve the mechanical properties of mixes containing crumb rubber particles. Specifically, the mortar mix with 0.1% EOGO and 5% crumb rubber exhibited better performance compared with the virgin mix without rubber particles. Therefore, crumb rubber is viable for use as a sand replacement when EOGO is included.

AN INVESTIGATION ON THE USE OF T’BOLI GOLD TAILINGS FROM MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY – ILIGAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (MSU-IIT) GOLD PILOT PLANT AS TOTAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATES IN CEMENT MORTAR

Gold tailings are waste products produced from the extraction and recovery of gold from its ore. At present, these tailings are in large amounts and are stored in tailings storage facilities, mostly in the form of dams. These gold tailings dams could have serious consequences for the environment and humans if unfortunate events happen. Thus, it is important to utilize these wastes not only to give them value but also to lessen the environmental and human risks they bear. This study investigates the use of gold tailings produced by the Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT) gold pilot plant from the gold ore of T’Boli, South Cotabato, Philippines, as a total replacement of the sand (fine aggregates) component in cement mortar. The chemical compositions of the T’Boli gold tailings were identified using XRF and SEM-EDX analyses. It was found that SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, and CaO were the major oxide minerals found in the tailings sample. To investigate the effect of the gold tailings on the mechanical property (compressive strength) of the cement mortar, two different formulations of cement and gold tailings (20:80 and 15:85), a controlled formulation with no gold tailings, and two different curing periods (7 and 14 days) were used. The result shows that the formulation of the control sample produces the highest compressive strength of 20.95 MPa at a 14-day curing period. This is followed by the cement mortar in ratios 1:4 and 1:5.7 at a 14-day curing period with a compressive strength of 9.11 MPa and 7.14 MPa, respectively. With these findings, it shows the suitability of T’Boli gold tailings (mining waste) as an alternative to fine aggregates in cement mortar.

A Comparative Study on the use of Waste Brick and Glass in Cement Mortars and their Effects on Strength Properties

Sustainable development of the construction industry should use recycled materials to the great- est extent to reduce natural hazards due to the increased accumulation of waste and the deple- tion of natural resources. However, engineering applications using waste materials are always expected to perform satisfactorily. In this aspect, detailed and systematically carried out experi- mental studies are critical in selecting the type and the quantities of waste materials that will be recycled through their use within engineering applications. This study provides systematically produced experimental data on compressive and flexural strength performance to quantitatively compare the effects of using different percentages of waste glass and brick aggregates in cement mortars with a specified workability characteristic. Results show that mortar samples with waste glass aggregates perform better under compressive loading since only around 14% strength de- crease compared to the control mix was yielded with the inclusion of waste glass. In contrast, in both cases, a 30% strength decrease was recorded with the inclusion of waste bricks for 100% replacement of natural sand in the mortars. In the case of flexural strength performance, 50% replacements of natural aggregates with waste bricks and glass yielded around 27% and 38% strength decrease, indicating that using waste brick in cement mortars could result in a better flexural strength performance in comparison, provided that its content is controlled. Replace- ment of natural sand in cement mortars with waste brick and glass yielded less significant flex- ural strength, decreasing the difference between the two types of wastes when the replacement ratio was as high as 100%. Hence, based on the presented experimental evidence, it is concluded that the decision on the type and the quantity of the waste materials to be used should be made considering the area of the use of the mortar and its expected service type.

Use of Coal Mine Overburden as Sustainable Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

The natural aggregate crisis is an alarming concern for the construction industry worldwide. This study provides a detailed investigation of coal mine overburden (OB) from opencast mine dumps, to evaluate its potential as a sustainable alternative to natural aggregate. The microproperties, including mineralogy, morphology, and chemistry, were evaluated, and the macroproperties, including alkali–aggregate reaction, soundness, durability, flow value, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and other mechanical properties of crushed OB, OB-based mortar, and concrete, were determined. OB was found to be mineralogically more stable (55%–77% SiO2), mechanically comparable, and durable (volume change 3%–8%) than other alternatives of natural aggregate. The toxicity characteristic due to leaching was found to have no hazardous effects on local and regional soil and water quality. The cement mortar prepared using OB had similar performance in terms of fresh and hardened density, flowability (>0.6 w/c), and durability [slake durability index (SDI) >95%] as other industrial by-products. The compressive strength of the mortar with OB was found to be comparable to that of mortar with river sand. OB-based mortar and concrete were found to have good corrosion resistance. For bulk utilization of OB, a pilot-scale study is recommended to assess its performance under real-world exposure conditions.

Quantitative characterization of the interfacial transition zone around lightweight and normal aggregates in cement mortars at different water-to-binder ratios

The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between aggregates and cement binders has long been known as the most vulnerable to crack resistance among the three phases in heterogeneous concretes [i.e., aggregate, ITZ, cement binders] owing to its porous microstructure. The characteristics of the ITZ are determined by the aggregate types, water-to-binder (W/B) ratios, and supplementary cementitious materials. Furthermore, the correlations between the physicochemical properties of the interface in the vicinity of saturated lightweight aggregates (LWAs) and the mechanical properties of cement concretes are still controversial because of the rough surface and ambiguous water desorption behavior of LWAs. To clarify such correlations, in this study we systemically investigated the effect of different water desorption behaviors of LWAs in cement mortars for various W/B ratios ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 on the mechanical properties of cement mortars via isothermal calorimetry tests, scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation grid tests. In addition, the experimental results were compared to those of mortars containing fine normal-weight aggregates (NWAs). These investigations clarified the effect of mechanical properties and porosity of the ITZ on the inherent strength of cement mortars with different aggregate types and W/B ratios. An improvement in the ITZ morphology around the LWAs was observed in relation to that around the NWAs for W/B > 0.3. Conversely, the porosity increased significantly on the LWA surface with respect to that on the NWA surface for W/B = 0.2. Nanoindentation tests revealed the deterioration of the elastic moduli and hardness of mortars containing LWAs at all investigated W/B ratios.

Utilizing Pulverized Glass as a Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregates in Cement Mortar

Mortar plays a pivotal role in the construction industry, underscoring the significance of comprehending its quality and the intricate interplay of its mixture in shaping performance outcomes. The utilization of waste glass as an innovative alternative to conventional fine aggregates in mortar mixtures is instrumental in enhancing structural safety. In light of this, the present study is dedicated to investigating the efficacy of waste glass incorporation in bolstering both compressive and flexural strength. This inquiry delves into the intrinsic qualities and strength attributes of concrete mortars, scrutinizing the influence of pulverized waste glass content. The range of powdered waste glass inclusions encompasses 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 50%, and 60% by weight in relation to the sand component of the mortar mixture. The experimental design involves the fabrication of a total of 72 mortar cubes, where 48 specimens are earmarked for conducting assessments of compressive and flexural strength. Compressive and flexural strength evaluations are conducted on the mortar samples after 7, 14, and 28 days of both moist and water curing protocols. The outcomes of these tests unveil the effectiveness of incorporating powdered waste glass as an aggregate within mortar mixtures, particularly at the 25% replacement mark. Intriguingly, the investigation highlights that concrete mortars imbued with 25% waste glass content exhibit superior strength in comparison to the other examined samples. Additionally, the study underscores that the strength outcomes for replacements of 25% and 10% successfully meet the prescribed strength requirements for cement mortar outlined in accordance with ASTM standards

Utilization of Ceramic Tiles Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Abstract: The rapid growth of the construction industry has led to an increased demand for building materials, particularly aggregates. The extraction of natural aggregates has significant environmental impacts, including landscape alteration and depletion of natural resources. Therefore, finding alternative materials for sustainable construction is essential. This project aims to investigate the potential utilization of ceramic tile waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in cement mortar. The research methodology involves collecting ceramic tile waste from local sources and conducting laboratory experiments to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar incorporating different percentages of ceramic tile waste. The properties investigated include workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption capacity. The experimental results demonstrate that the addition of ceramic tile waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in cement mortar exhibits promising outcomes. The workability of the mortar is within an acceptable range for construction purposes, and the compressive and flexural strengths show satisfactory performance. Moreover, the water absorption capacity of the mortar reduces with an increase in the percentage of ceramic tile waste, indicating improved durability. This research contributes to the sustainable utilization of ceramic tile waste, reducing the environmental burden associated with waste disposal and conserving natural resources. The findings provide valuable insights into the feasibility of incorporating ceramic tile waste in cement mortar, potentially leading to the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly construction materials

Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Ceramic Tile Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Ceramic Tile Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Ceramic Tile Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Ceramic Tile Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Ceramic Tile Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Ceramic Tile Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Evaluation of rheological and mechanical properties of bottom ash based masonry mortar with graphene oxide

This paper evaluates the rheological and mechanical properties of lignite based bottom ash as fine aggregate in cement mortar with GO as an additive. The annual extraction of such a huge amount of bottom ash needs a massive transfer to the field, as it constitutes a threat to the environment. The utilization of such residue as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in masonry mortar is not fully explored. Hence, an attempt has been made to utilize the bottom ash as FA in cement mortar composites, and studied the influence of graphene oxide (GO) in the properties of mortar matrix. In this study, bottom ash replacement from 0 to 60% and GO at dosage of 0.1, 0.15 and 0.20% by weight of cement were used. Compressive and flexural strengths of composites were improved significantly at GO = 0.15%. Mechanical properties at 40% bottom ash replacement level only have shown minor improvement. It was observed from the flow table test that addition of bottom ash leads to reduction in workability of masonry mortar, and GO enhanced both the rheological and mechanical properties of mortar matrix.

A study on use of granite powder and crusher dust as fine aggregate in cement mortar

Granite powder is a by-product of cutting and grinding granite stones to a powdery form. Due to the scarcity of river sand, the need of the alternative material is the need of the hour. Based on the chemical and physical compositions, river sand as fine aggregate can be suitably replaced with alternative materials such as crusher dust and granite powder. The current study focusses of using granite powder (GP) and crusher dust (CD) as fine aggregate in cement mortars. 1:3 and 1:6 (cement: sand) volumetric mix proportions were considered in the study. Based on the particle size distribution of IS 2116 and IS 1542, the study considered the ratio of 30:70 (GP:CD) and 100CD as fine aggregate. The control mix only contains river sand (RS) as the fine aggregate in cement mortar. The properties were evaluated in terms of water/cement (W/C) ratio, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, tensile bond strength and adhesion strength. For a mix proportion of 1:3, the compressive strength of the control mix, 100CD, and 30:70 (GP:CD) was found to be 9.02 MPa, 10.71 MPa, and 8.02 MPa, respectively. The mix with the lowest drying shrinkage was the control mix. Based on the results of the current experimental investigation, it can be concluded that river sand can potentially be substituted with crusher dust and granite powder for masonry purposes.

Alternatif Karışım Yöntemleri ile F tipi Uçucu Külünün Çimento Harcı İçerisinde Kullanımı

In this study, it is focused on the use of fly ash, which is one of the industrial wastes, as a partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate in cement mortar. The feasibility of using fly ash as an alternative to cement and fine aggregates in concrete was determined by examining its effect on strength and durability properties in composites. Fly ash was used in the mixtures with three different mixing methods. This is the simple substitution method, addition method and partial substitution method. In each method, 10%, 20% and 30% of the material was removed by weight, and a total of ten different mixtures were prepared by adding fly ash instead. As a result of the experiments to determine the properties of the mixtures in the fresh and hardened state, the addition of fly ash to the mixtures improved the workability and freeze-thaw resistance. When we look at the results in terms of the methods used in the study, it was seen that the addition method gave better results in pressure, water absorption and capillary water absorption experiments than other methods, and according to the bending and cylinder splitting test results, higher values were obtained in the mixtures prepared with the partial substitution method compared to the other mixing methods.

Production of sorptive granules from incinerated sewage sludge ash and upcycling in cement mortar

This paper describes a method to produce sorptive granules solely from solid waste. The produced granules can remove multi-toxic heavy metal(loid)s from wastewaters and be upcycled as lightweight aggregates in cement mortars. Specifically, kilogram-scale production of millimeter-sized granules was obtained via the thermal treatment of green bodies prepared from phosphorus-stripped incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA), peanut shell and waste bentonite at a mass ratio of 1:1:2 at 1050 °C under a N2 atmosphere. The synthesized granules with good mechanical strength (4.9 MPa) exhibited excellent adsorption capacities towards As(V), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Pb(II) at respectively 14.11, 5.79, 14.12 and 23.52 mg/g at an initial solution pH of 3.0 via mechanisms including redox reactions, complexation, (co)precipitation, and cation exchange. Moreover, the potentially hazardous spent granules could be environmental safely reused as a partial river sand replacement in cement mortars based on the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure.

Enhancing the thermal properties of cement composites through substitution of the fine aggregate using metallic material

ABSTRACT In this study, copper powder was substituted for up to 50% of fine aggregate in cement mortar. The effects of employing copper powder on ice-melting performance were studied. To verify the derived ice-melting results, thermal properties were analyzed. Porosity analysis, which is highly correlated with thermal properties, was investigated. Microstructure analysis included computed tomography analysis was performed. It was found that the cement mortar with 10% copper powder was the most efficient in terms of ice-melting performance and thermal properties improvement. 10% copper powder incorporation shortened the ice-melting time by about 20 minutes or more, and also improved the thermal conductivity and heat flux by 3 and 2 times more, respectively. The porosity test and computed tomography analysis have demonstrated that copper powder can produce an agglomeration effect if the amount is higher than 10% in the cement mortar system. The porosity of the 10% copper powder incorporation was decreased by about 5% compared with plain mortar, while that of the 30% and 50% copper powder incorporation was increased by about 2.5% and 8%, respectively. In addition, 10% copper powder incorporation had the highest compressive strength and flexural strength. As a result, 10% copper powder substitution was an optimal choice.

Characteristics of Masonry Prepared with KM Soil as Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar and Concrete Block

Manufactured Sand (M Sand) has become a viable alternative for the river sand in the construction industry as a potential fine aggregate. The M Sand poses environmental implications as it is produced by crushing natural resources like stones. The extensive use of M Sand may also lead to a reduction in availability due to the depletion of natural rocks in the days to come. Hence, this study attempts to assess the feasibility of utilizing the clayey soil containing Kaolinite – Montmorillonite (KM) as a predominant clay mineral, as a replacement to the Manufactured sand in the preparation of cement mortar and cement block that are used in masonry construction. In the case of concrete block masonry units, the M Sand is replaced by 25%, 50%, and 100% with KM Soil, and an attempt is also made to produce the mortars by completely replacing the M Sand with KM soil. Further, the properties of the concrete blocks and mortars prepared with KM soil are assessed and compared with the ones prepared with M Sand. Also, the performance of the stack bonded masonry prisms like compressive strength and bond strength in shear is assessed for the various masonry prism prepared with combinations of the Concrete block masonry units and mortars. The results indicate that the stack bonded masonry prism assemblies with KM soil both in cement mortar and concrete block have performed moderately well in compressive strength and shear bond strength in comparison with the one prepared with M Sand.

Sustainable use of different size fractions of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash and recycled fine aggregates in cement mortar

The demand for recycled fine aggregates (RFA) is increasing daily, and researchers are continuously looking for cheaper and local alternative fine aggregates. The increasing growth of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plants has led to the accumulation of incinerated bottom ash in the vicinity of cities. There can be a possibility to utilize this municipal solid waste incinerated bottom ash (MSW-BA) as a partial replacement of recycled fine aggregated to achieve sustainable and economical mortars. This study analyzed the feasibility of incorporating different grain sizes, fine fraction (0.15–0.3 mm), medium fraction (0.3–0.6 mm), and coarse fraction (0.6–4.75 mm)) of MSW-BA and RFA in sustainable cement mortars with replacement amounts of 10 %, 20 % and 30 %, respectively. In addition to assessing the mechanical properties of the sustainable mortar, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry was carried out. Based on the filler effect combined with its mineralogy and pozzolanic properties of MSW-BA, a medium fraction at 10 % replacement showed the highest compressive and flexural strength of 31.05 MPa and 5.07 MPa, respectively. After exposure to the 1 mol/liter sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, the largest reduction of compressive strength by 7.92 MPa was found in 10 % medium fraction replacement of MSW-BA. Porosity was also reduced when smaller grain sizes of MSW-BA was replaced with RFA, and leaching tests have confirmed leaching of heavy metal are under limits. Results showed that adding MSW-BA can improve the compressive strength of concrete up to a certain extent, but over-addition of MSW-BA can lead to a detrimental effect on strength.

Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates in Cement Mortar by using Pond Ash and Development of Low Cost Tiles

Pond ash is squanders and waste product of Thermal force plant, have been acquainted into Indian solid industry with save common assets of elements of cement. In India, a large portion of the Thermal force plants embrace wet technique for debris removal. Lake debris is gathered from Thermal force plant at the base, in that it contains critical measure of generally coarser particles (crossing from 150 microns to 2.36 mm). Lake debris usage assists with diminishing the utilization of normal assets. Additionally it is help to take care of the issue of removal of Pond debris since it contains enormous measure of substance mixes, for example, SiO2, Al2O3 and so on. These synthetic mixes (SiO2, Al2O3) are assumes a significant job in hydration response and assists with delivering bond between two nearby particles. Utilization of Pond Ash in concrete is a significant eco productivity drive. It is important to locate the specific appropriate rates of lake debris so it is chosen to use in differing rate as 0%, 5% 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%. Also, to check the properties of new concrete and solidified cement, for example, droop and compressive quality, rigidity, flexural quality individually. Likewise solid assumes a significant job in long life time of structure so it is additionally critical to check impact on strength by utilizing sulfate assault, chloride particle entrance, drying shrinkage. Study shows the essential properties of Pond ash. It likewise contrasts these properties and characteristic sand. Fractional substitution doesn't bring on any unfavorable impact on properties of new concrete. The outcome shows that solid invigorating great with fractional substitution of fine total. Just as Pond debris is the acceptable whenever utilized as filler material in concrete. Subsequently, it is appropriate to utilize lake debris as fine total or halfway supplanting with normal sand.