Age In Egypt Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers towards Weaning off Breastfeeding at Two Years of Age in Egypt

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers towards Weaning off Breastfeeding at Two Years of Age in Egypt

Determinants of High Blood Pressure in Relation to Early Feeding Practices among Children under-Five Years of Age in Egypt

Determinants of High Blood Pressure in Relation to Early Feeding Practices among Children under-Five Years of Age in Egypt

Текстологические особенности Хроники Иоанна Никиуского

In the frame of the present research the text of the Chronicle of John of Nikiu’s translation in Geez is considered on the base of its textological features. This compilation was created in Egypt at the end of the 7th century AD by John, Bishop of the city of Nikiu, most probably in Greek. Later it was translated in Arabic and finally in the very beginning of the 17th century in Ge'ez. It reached our days exclusively in the Ethiopic revision. Nevertheless the test has conserved traces of the history of its existence. In particular it concerns foreign in relation to Ethiopia loans in lexis and some grammar constructions not intrinsic for traditional Ethiopian historiography. Such textological features of the translation from Arabic into Geez are of great interest for the scientists. They shed, albeit limited, light on the original Greek and then Arabic versions of the text of the Chronicle. In addition it forms an idea about the process of translating and personal and professional qualities of the translators in the Middle Ages in Egypt and Ethiopia.

Prediction of the morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 in Egypt using non–extensive statistics

Non–extenstive statistics play a significant role in studying the dynamic behaviour of COVID-19 to assist epidemiological scientists to take appropriate decisions about pandemic planning. Generic non–extensive and modified–Tsallis statistics are used to analyze and predict the morbidity and mortality rates in future. The cumulative number of confirmed infection and death in Egypt at interval from 4 March 2020 till 12 April 2022 are analyzed using both non–extensive statistics. Also, the cumulative confirmed data of infection by gender, death by gender, and death by age in Egypt at interval from 4 March 2020 till 29 June 2021 are fitted using both statistics. The best fit parameters are estimated. Also, we study the dependence of the estimated fit parameters on the people gender and age. Using modified–Tsallis statistic, the predictions of the morbidity rate in female is more than the one in male while the mortality rate in male is greater than the one in female. But, within generic non-extensive statistic we notice that the gender has no effect on the rate of infections and deaths in Egypt. Then, we propose expressions for the dependence of the fitted parameters on the age. We conclude that the obtained fit parameters depend mostly on the age and on the type of the statistical approach applied and the mortality risk increased with people aged above 45 years. We predict - using modified–Tsallis - that the rate of infection and death in Egypt will begin to decrease till stopping during the first quarter of 2025.

Risk factors for polycystic ovary syndrome among women of reproductive age in Egypt: A case control study.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, associated with an increased risk of multiple diseases, and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Purpose: identify risk factors for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in reproductive-aged Egyptian women attending an outpatient gynecological clinic at a specialized hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Port Said City, Egypt. The study population included 248 women; 124 women suffered from PCOS and 124 Non-PCOS. Methods: - Case-control study was conducted among women. PCOS women were diagnosed clinically by transvaginal ultrasound and laboratory investigations. Data were collected using; I) a structured interview questionnaire, including socio-demographic status, medical and family history, menstrual and obstetrical history and lifestyle habits, and clinical examination; II) anthropometric parameters; III) perceived stress scale. The mean age of cases was 26.18±0.45 years. The most common risk factors for PCOS were urban residence, high education, working, insufficient income, history of anemia, hypertension, cancer, and family history of PCOS and infertility, increasing body mass index, fast food, and drinking of coffee. The study concluded that the significant risk factors for polycystic ovarian disease in Egypt women included socio-demographic characteristics, medical and family history, increasing body mass index, and lifestyle habits. This study recommended that Polycystic Ovary Syndrome women follow a healthy diet and exercise regularly.

Some factors associated with mortality rate of Friesian calves during first year of age in Egypt

Some factors associated with mortality rate of Friesian calves during first year of age in Egypt

МӘМЛҮК КЕЗЕҢІНДЕГІ ОРТАҒАСЫРЛЫҚ «АТ-ТУХФА» ҚОЛЖАЗБАСЫНЫҢЗЕРТТЕЛУ ТАРИХНАМАСЫ

The author used the only original of the survivingmanuscript "at-Tuhfa az-zakiyya fil lugatit turkiya". The main purpose of the article is to present the historiography of the study of the manuscript "At-Tuhfa", to analyze and summarize the issues raised in the studies. The article describes the history of the study of the manuscript "At-Tuhfa", written in the Middle Ages in Egypt and Syria during the reign of the Mamluks around the 15th-16th centuries. The translations of the manuscript of At-Tuhfa into French, Turkish, Uzbek and Russian are analyzed andthe features of each translation are given. Describing the features of the monument, the author dwells on the works of scientists who studied the manuscript. The list of domestic and foreign scientists is given. Particular attention is paid to the issues raised by each scientist, and examples are given. The study draws attention to the fact that the manuscript "at-Tuhfa" is of great interest in the CIS countries, including Kazakhstan. In Turkey, students of Besim Atalay reviewed the manuscript to complete the work begun by their teacher. It has also been re-analyzed to provide a new perspective on research. In the West, the At-Tuhfa manuscript is considered in terms of its influence on their own languages, while domestic research is focused on the language group of the At-Tuhfa manuscript. Examples are given from many Turkic languages. Based on this, it is compared with the language of the manuscript. In the years after independence, questions were raised about the collection, translation and analysis of manuscripts from the Mamluk period. The same applies to the methods and techniques used in the article.

Assessing the Associations of the Parental Beliefs and Practices about Child Feeding and its Impact on Child Weight

Background: Prevalence of overweight, obesity among children age in Egypt and severe obesity among of all age groups varies very high, children's obesity is an alarming issue. Continually rising prevalence of obesity and overweight in children is a major public health concern. This is due to its various and serious health hazards on one side and its preventable nature on the other side. The problem primarily relies on the ability of parents to recognize their child's overweight/obesity, and to be aware that obesity is a risk factor for long-term health issues. Several studies showed that many parents are not concerned about their children's body weight, because they either think too little of their child's body weight or believe that obesity is inherited, thus modifiable. Parent's perception of child feeding is one of the influencing causes that contribute to child weight status. Although the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased significantly in Egypt, parents are unable to appreciate obesity in their child. Parental beliefs and practices in children’s nutrition may determine deviations in the acquisition of the child’s food preferences and in their self-regulation, who can influence their nutritional status. Childhood obesity and metabolic complications related thereto emerge as a challenge to global health in the 21st century, given its dramatic increase in the last decade in most countries Aim of the study: to assess of parental beliefs and practices about child feeding and its impact on child weight. Setting: The research was conducted on sample of parents (mother, father, children), living in some regions at Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.

COVID-19 outcomes among pregnant and nonpregnant women at reproductive age in Egypt.

BackgroundTo describe demographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pregnant and nonpregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 at reproductive age and determine risk factors of COVID-19 severe outcomes during pregnancy.MethodsA retrospective study for females aged 18–49 with confirmed COVID-19 by RT-PCR in Egypt, February–July 2020. Data were obtained from Egypt National Surveillance, bivariate and multivariate analysis for demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 between pregnant and nonpregnant women including ICU admission, need for ventilator and death was performed.ResultsA total of 23 095 females were identified, with mean (SD) age of 35.1 (8.1) year. Of those, 408 (1.8%) were pregnant, with mean (SD) age of 29.3 (8.1) years. Compared to nonpregnant, pregnant patients were more likely to be admitted to hospital (OR = 1.7 CI = 1.4–2.1), ICU (OR = 2.4, CI = 1.3–4.3), need ventilator (OR = 3.9, CI = 2.1–7.4) and have severe outcome (OR = 3.0, CI = 1.9–4.7). Factors associated with severe outcome included: pregnancy, age > 30 years, underlying medical conditions, and living in rural areas.ConclusionPregnant women with COVID-19 are at higher risk of severe symptoms and outcome including ICU admission, requiring ventilator and death. To reduce risk of severe outcome, counseling about for seeking medical care and health education about COVID-19 preventive measures should be performed.

The Phenomenon of Dynasties of Jewish Doctors in the Mamluk Period (1250–1517)

Abstract This article discusses the phenomenon of dynasties of Jewish physicians in the Late Middle Ages in Egypt and Syria. Based on Muslim Arabic historiographical literature on the one hand, and Jewish sources such as Genizah documents on the other, this paper reconstructs fourteen dynasties of Jewish physicians that were active in the Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517). Examination of the families reveals that the most distinguished dynasties of court physicians were of Jewish origin, and had to convert to Islam during the Mamluk period. Moreover, the office of the “Head of the Physicians” was occupied mainly by members of these convert Jewish dynasties. This situation stands in stark contrast to the pre-Mamluk period, in which dynasties of unconverted Jewish court physicians flourished. However, Jewish sources reveal that dynasties of doctors who were also communal leaders continued to be active also during the Mamluk period.

Disability-free life expectancy at old ages in Egypt

This study aimed to estimate among the older population in Egypt (aged 60 years and over): 1) disability prevalence rates, their levels of severity and the common types and 2) disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) by sex, age and disability type. Data were from the nationally representative 2016 Household Observatory Survey (HOS-2016), with 4658 persons aged 60+ constituting the study sample population. To identify individuals with disabilities, the HOS asked respondents a short set of questions on functional difficulties, as suggested by the United Nations Washington Group on Disability Statistics. The DFLE was estimated using the Sullivan method. Older (60+) women reported a higher prevalence of disability than older men. Women had longer DFLEs and longer disabled life expectancies (DLEs) than men but had lower proportions of DFLE to their total lifetime. The findings suggest that, at age 60, around 30% of life expectancy in Egypt can be expected to be with limitations in mobility and vision. Men, although they live for fewer years than women, can expect to have a greater proportion of their life expectancy free of disability. The findings of the study suggest that the contextual differences in how the process of ageing is experienced need to be considered by decision-makers when designing gender-responsive health policies.

Arab Patriotism: The Ideology and Culture of Power in Late Ottoman Egypt

Arab Patriotism: The Ideology and Culture of Power in Late Ottoman Egypt

Nutritive value of the dromedary camel meat

The current study was conducted to spotlight on the nutritive value of the dromedary camel meat from different ages in Egypt. total of 50 samples were randomly collected over a period of 10 months from the hindquarter (glutobicepis) muscle of male camel carcasses slaughtered at Assiut and Sharkia Governorates. The samples were divided into two groups according to the age: Group A for young age (1≤5 years) and Group B for old ages (5-8 years). All samples were subjected to a proximate analysis (moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate). Only 16 samples from each age were analyzed for some minerals content (Ca, Fe, K, P, Na, and Mg) and for cholesterol, caloric value and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) contents. The statistical analysis of the results declared the presence of a significant increase (p<0.01) in fat, ash, carbohydrate, energy, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, cholesterol and conjugated linoleic acid contents of the camel meat samples with an increasing age. Camel meat from different ages has high nutritive value and it contains considerable amount of protein, which is nearly similar or sometimes higher than other red meat. Pointing to cholesterol and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of camel meat, the obtained mean values in young and old ages were 31.11, 3.19 and 50.63, 5.99 mg/100gm fat, respectively. In conclusion, meat from young camels could be healthier due to its lower fat and cholesterol content.

Between the turbans and the tops of minarets of the Middle Age in Cairo, an approach to designing styles

Abstract Minarets are considered one of the most important and characteristic factors of Islamic Architecture. They have different designs which, at first glance, reflect their style and the historical period to which they belong. This research focuses on the different styles of minarets tops, which have various shapes and names. It also presents the head-gear styles of significant characters in the Islamic State, in an attempt to answer the questions: From where had minarets' tops design derived? through hypothesis that the architecture of minarets in the Islamic Civilizations was inspired by costumes fashion of Caliphs, Sultans and officers of the Middle Age in Egypt, By analytical study between the styles of head-gears and minarets tops, the research conclude that the unique existences of the resemblance between the shapes of the minarets' tops and head-gears give a great probability that the architecture of minarets was inspired by the art of head-gears.

Molecular Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle with Reference to Hematological and Biochemical Changes

The present study was carried out to clarify the effect of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) on cattle of different ages with references to studying the hematological parameters, biochemical aspects and cardiac biomarkers after accurate diagnosis of FMDV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Forty-five native breed Egyptian female non pregnant cattle (1-5 years old) were divided into two main groups. Group (1): 15 apparently healthy cattle as control group. This group includes animals at age 1-1.5 year (gp.1a), 2-3 years (gp.1b) and 4-5 years (gp.1c). Group (2): 30 infected cattle with the same age category as the control group (gp. 2a, gp. 2b and gp.2c) were collected from different localities in port- Said Governorate, Egypt during 2016-2017 FMD outbreak. Saliva and vesicular fluid from infected cattle were obtained for RT-PCR and blood samples for hematological and biochemical parameters estimation. The infected cattle showed fever, ropy salivation, vesicular eruptions on buccal mucosa and interdigital space. All the identified viruses were FMDV of serotype ‘O’ which is circulating among cows of different ages in Egypt. Biochemical results revealed a significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumin, globulins and calcium levels, with a significant increase in serum enzyme activities ALP, GGT, AST and serum levels of urea, creatinine, inorganic phosphrous, malonadiadehyde, nitric oxide, Interleukein10 (IL-10), cardiac tropinine I (cTn I) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) concentration. It was concluded thatFMDV significantly affects the hematological and biochemical parameters of infected cattle, especially young one. The detection of cTnI is a very sensitive method for determining myocardial cell damage in the earlier stages of the disease. Moreover, RT-PCR is diagnostic biomarkers for FMD viral infection.

Fine values for urban coordination in spaces of new communities of Economic Housing

The idea of this research was developed as a result of the new direction of urban development taking place in The Arab Republic of Egypt along with the emergence of new cities that mark a new age in Egypt’s modern history. This paper also highlights the importance of completing important national projects with the highest possible standards and least possible cost in order to satisfy the people’s needs.Egyptian artists have always excelled in the field of architecture as their creations are still present today and they all mark these architects’ interaction with the natural environment in terms of the materials used. These characteristics are now a way to distinguish Egyptian artists because of the different analyses carried out for the modes of movement, the intersection of lines, shapes, light, colors, and consistency along with the various cultural values that contribute to the enrichment of Egyptian history. There is a set of visual determinants and characteristics that are exclusive to every city, this, in turn, shows each city in its aesthetic form that distinguishes it from others. This is dependent on a group of environmental and design-based characteristics that are used when aesthetically designing a city. This is starting with its morphological model, which is concerned with the overall aesthetic design of the city, and ending with applying the values of the design of urban coordination of sites (Landscape), which is concerned with the design of public spaces. A good design is one that applies all the visual and aesthetic determinants needed for their formation.The concept of identity is considered one of those concepts that are hard to accurately explain, as it’s more of an ecological concept rather than a scientific one. Identity plays a leading role in the design of buildings that manage to reflect the environment which it’s in, as it is considered the main criterion for measuring the success of the community. On that basis, the identities of buildings are developed as a result of employing specific elements. The built environment therefore is an effective means through which the community can confirm its identity and distinguish itself among other communities.

Prevalence of Vaginal Infection by Multidrug Resistant Candida Species among Different Ages in Egypt

During 12 months’ the period of study from December 2015 to November 2016, one hundred and sixty women were clinically examined for vaginal yeast infection. Result revealed that 100 cases (62.5%) proved to have vaginal infection. The mean age (±SD) of the participants was 27.70±5.79 years. Most of the positive cases with high count belonged to the age group1 (19-25 year) followed by group 2 (26-30 year) representing 39 and 32 cases respectively (71 % of the total cases). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the yeast isolates showed that C. albicans were the predominant Candida species 258 cfu out of 410 cfu represent (62.9%) followed by C. lusitaniae (56 cfu, 13.7%), C. krusei (44 cfu 10.7%), C. glabrata (26 cfu, 6.3%), C. tropicalis (18 cfu, 4.4%) and C. Parapsilosis (8 cfu, 2.0%) respectively. In-vitro sensitivity test showed high resistance to the tested antifungals; whereas 73 isolates out of 128 (57.3%) were resistant to more than one type of tested antifungal agents, including 14 isolates showed resistance to all antifungal agents (Multidrug resistant strains). C. albicans represented by 67 isolates, showed resistance to one or more of the tested antifungal agents such as Fluconazole (61.2 %), Ketoconazole (56.7 %), Amphotericin B (52.2), Itraconazole and Nystatin (43.3 %). In case of non- albicans isolate (61 isolate) the most effective antifungal agent was Nystatin were it susceptible 65 % form C. lusitaniae isolates, 62.5 % from C. tropicalis and 60 % from C. Krusei isolates. The relation between risk factors, such as pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, history of antibiotic uses, and contraceptive methods, was recorded.

Toxin Genotyping of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;C. perfringens&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Isolated from Broiler Cases of Necrotic Enteritis

<i>Clostridium perfringens</i> organisms have an economic concern in poultry production. The purpose of this study was to investigate <i>Net B</i> and β₂ <i>C. perfringens</i> positive isolates in broiler farms and their clinic-pathological effects in broiler chicks. A bacteriological examination of <i>C. perfringens</i> was carried upon 92 Necrotic enteritis (NE) diseased cases and 55 apparently healthy broilers of different ages in Egypt. <i>C. perfringens</i> type A was only recovered (49.7%). <i>cpa</i> gene was detected in 100% of samples with PCR technique. NE diseased cases exhibited both <i>Net B</i> (87.5%) and <i>cpb₂</i> (75%) toxin genes. Experimentally, an intra-gut induction of <i>Net B</i> and β₂ <i>C. perfringens</i> toxins were evaluated in chicken models. The hematological studies revealed hemolytic anemia 5 days post infection (p.i) in <i>Net B</i> and β₂ inoculated groups (G1&G2). Leucogram revealed neutrophilia and lymphopenia 5 days p.i. A significant increase in ALT, AST, uric acid and creatinine serum levels were recorded in the infected groups at 5^th and 12^th day p.i. DNA Sequencing for <i>net B</i> gene revealed an amino acid replacement from glutamate into arginine at codon 379 with silent mutation was also detected at nucleotide 1134. Sequencing of both toxin genes were recorded in the gene bank for the first time in Egypt. This study pointed out that <i>C. perfringens Net B</i> toxin, is a new key virulent factor for the development of NE. Further studies of <i>Net B</i> toxiod for vaccine production could minimize the clostridial problems in broiler farms.

Isolated Paleomagnetic Component and its Dating from the Malha Formation, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt

The age of Malha Formation that located at Gebel Sarbut el-Gamal in the southwestern Sinai is a controversial point, due to the absence of index fossils. Therefore, 125 oriented core samples have been collected for paleomagnetic investigation to determine the age assignments of this formation. Rock magnetic experiments revealed that, the hematite is the main magnetic carrier within the studied rocks. Analysis of the demagnetization data isolated a single primary component of magnetization with D=351°, I=36.2° with α95=3.7° and the corresponding pole lies at lat.=77.8°N and long.=257.4°E. The calculated paleomagnetic pole has been found to be primary and enforced, suggesting the age of Malha Formation to be (Aptian-Albian). For the reliability of the obtained pole, a comparison with the published corresponding poles of Cretaceous age in Egypt was done.

Obesity as a prognostic factor for incidence and survival in female patients diagnosed with breast cancer.

e12567 Background: The incidence of obesity in females ≥15 years of age in Egypt is one of the highest all over the world (33%)we investigated the impact of increased BMI on breast cancer incidence and survival. Methods: we reviewed files for 1873 female patients with breast cancer, presented at ACOD, from Jan. 1996 to Dec. 2005. , only 907 were eligible BMI of every patient was calculated and four groups were formed.The duration of follow-up was calculated from the date of registration to the date of death or last follow-up. The locoregional control period was between the end of treatment and failure of local control at 5 years or death or last follow-up OS was measured as the interval between the beginning of treatment and death or last follow-up evaluation. Results: patients were classified into 4 groups, the first group included 100 patients of BMI less than 18.5, the second group including 299 patients of BMI more than or equal to 18.5 and less than 25, the third group including 336 patients of BMI more than or equal to 25 and less than 30, and the fourth group including 172 patients of BMI more than 30. the highest peak of breast cancer incidence was in the age group 55-65 years (32.4%), while the lowest incidence was in the age group more than 65 (8.6%). Obese patients had the tendency to have breast cancer in younger age than normal weight patients with a mean of 38.6 years vs. 58.6 years. results showed that over weight patients constituted more than 37% while obese patients only constituted 19 %, normal weight 33% and underweight 11%. In our study, the majority of cases were staged as stage II and III (42.6 and 45.9 % respectively). Only 10.2% of patients in our series were recorded with stage IV; most of them were obese.Patients with increased BMI, in our study, had a significantly lower DFS ( p &lt; 0.013).there was a statistically significant correlation between overall survival and BMI of patients (p=0.0015); there was an increase in mortality with increasing BMI. Conclusions: Our results report an increase in the incidence of breast cancer in overweight and obese patients in our population. Patients with high BMI were diagnosed at younger age, had more advanced stage and a statistically significant lower DFS &amp; OS as compared to normal weight patients.