Agency Heads Research Articles

PEMASANGAN LAMPU TAMAN MENGGUNAKAN SOLAR CELL SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNARIF DI KELURAHAN BENDUNG KOTA SERANG

Solar cell are a technology that converts sunlight into electrical energy. Solar energy can produce up to 156.486 MW of power, a langer amount when compared to other renewable energy sources. Indonesia is a country located in the equatorial route, which receives sufficient amount of sunlight throughout the year, with an average eye-day radiation intensity of about 4.8 kWh/m2 per day throughout Indonesia. Especially in the Jakarta area, the DKI Provincial Government had released the Governor’s Instruction (InGub) Number 66 of 2019 on air quality control, one of the points of the InGub is the installation of PLTS to minimize air pollution in Jakarta. The Jakarta Provincial Government will instal solar panels in local government buildings, school buildings, sports halls and health facilities. DKI Education Agency Head Ratiyono said that there are now 100 schools that have installed solar panels. The method used is a presentation using a power point on how to apply solar panels so that the material can reach participants using attractive visuals and direct practice. By continuing the program of DKI Provincial Government, therefore, as academicians we try to provide understanding, socialization and piloting PLTS in Serang enviroment, Banten. The pilot was implemented for garden lights in Kelurahan Bendung, this was because the field in Kelurahan Bendung was large and had minimal lighting.

대한민국 행정의 기능부전과 국가의 책임

Even after the COVID-19 crisis of the past few years, a schematic process has been repeated in the follow-up to disasters in Korea, from the Itaewon tragedy in 2022 to various incidents and accidents in 2023. This process has been called the so-called ‘politics of disaster’, which emphasizes the political and social conflicts surrounding disasters rather than the results of analyzing the causes of disasters and preparing responses. An accompanying feature of the politics of disaster is that the issue of responsibility(Verantwortung) emerges almost immediately, without the proper legal investigation of the cause being finalized. Here, liability is not strictly legal, especially in the sense used in public law. On the other hand, in the post-disaster process in Korean society, the term responsibility is used less as an academic concept and more in a political context, as a kind of consequential responsibility that requires the resignation of public officials as a moral obligation to repair the accident. The problem is that this political responsibility ultimately becomes irrelevant to the original purpose of the debate, which is to identify the causes of the disaster and develop countermeasures. If a disaster has caused and escalated damage, it should be analyzed in terms of the structural failure of the public administration to fulfill its duty to protect the safety of the public. In other words, the dysfunction of the public administration is the primary cause of the disaster. In this study, we first analyze the dysfunction of public administration and its causes, examine the legal theory of liability, and explore legislative and policy alternatives using the 25th World Scout Jamboree In Saemangeum as the subject of this paper. First, I reviewed the organizational theory of Niklas Luhmann, who developed various theories on the problems of administrative organizations as a tool for problem analysis. With reference to Luhmann's work, I examined the German theories of Steering Theory(Steuerungstheorie) and Legal Pluralism as legal alternatives. As legal issues, I examined the replacement of agency heads, administrative unity, the problem of corruption in the process of cooperation with the private sector, and the problem of the structure of the administrative committee. The existing legal practice for administrative dysfunction and failure to respond to disasters is to pursue strict liability through criminal trials and state compensation. However, such an approach is difficult to expect practical effects due to differences in in the law of responsibility in each area, and side effects are also concerned. The public law theory of liability, which is based on the law of state compensation claims, can be presented as an alternative. In a recent case on 9th emergency measures (Supreme Court Case 2018Da212610), the Supreme Court no longer considers the individual participation of public officials, but rather evaluates a series of state actions as a whole in a way that recognizes the organizational culpability of the state as a whole. As a result, the theory of State Compensation Act should be reconstructed from the subjective negligence and responsibility of individual public officials as far as possible to a theory of public law liability, which consists of the self-responsibility of the state itself. Finally, this article emphasized the importance of the role distribution between the executive and the legislative branch, and the deliberative legislative process as a legislative strategy to enhance public law liability for the phenomenon of administrative dysfunction. The state's responsibility for administrative dysfunction in preparation for disasters is clear. However, reducing it to individual responsibility requires caution.

Strategi Peningkatan Penerimaan Pajak Daerah Melalui Pembentukan Satuan Tugas Pajak Daerah Oleh Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Takalar

Regional taxes are a support in financing the implementation of local government and regional development. The Regional Revenue Agency of Takalar Regency as the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) responsible for local tax management seeks to increase regional revenue from the local tax sector. One of the efforts made is the formation of a Regional Tax Task Force (Satgas). This study aims to describe the strategy of increasing local tax revenue carried out by the Regional Tax Task Force of Takalar Regency. This research uses a qualitative research approach with a descriptive method. Data collection techniques are by interviews (in depth interviews), observation, and documentation. Informants selected by purposive sampling method include agency heads, field heads, subfield heads in Takalar County Regional Revenue Agency and tax collectors. Data analysis techniques with methods from Miles and Huberman include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that the implementation of the program to increase local tax revenue by the Takalar Regency Regional Tax Task Force had run optimally. However, there are several inhibiting factors such as lack of public awareness and lack of apparatus resources within the Regional Revenue Agency. The efforts made by the Regional Tax Task Force are the implementation of massive socialization and building an IT-based regional tax management environment.

The Influence of Brand Image and Brand Awareness on The Decision to Enroll in a Tutoring Institution

Student tutoring is a very promising business opportunity in many cities in Indonesia, as indicated by the increasing choice of student tutoring agencies. This study was conducted to increase understanding of the factors that determine parents to enroll their children to a tutoring agency. The research sample was parents whose children were registered at a tutoring agency in Purbalingga Regency, Central Java. Sampling was carried out at convenience and the data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling analysis with SmartPLS Software. Authors collaborate with the agency head offices that handles the district to gain access to students' parents. The number of complete questionnaires that can be processed and analyzed is 128 data. The findings show that: (1) Brand image influences brand trust positively. (2) Brand awareness influences brand trust positively. (3) Brand image influences the decision to enroll positively. (4) Brand awareness influences the decision to register positively. (5) Brand trust influences the decision to register positively. (6) Brand Trust mediates the influence of Brand Image toward Decision to Enroll, and (7) Brand Trust mediates the influence of Brand Awareness toward Decision to Enroll. Keywords: student tutoring, tutoring agency, brand image, brand trust, brand awareness, decision to enroll

Bureaucratic politics, risk management, and agency strategy: a study of agency management in a gale

ABSTRACT The outbreak of Covid-19 holds important lessons for general understandings of specialised agencies and their interactions with the political executive in a context of high political salience and uncertainty of the knowledge upon which agencies can base its professional decisions and pursue its policy preferences vis-à-vis the political principal. This case study analyses the behaviour of the Danish Health Authority (DHA) during two critical series of events in 2020 and 2021. Based on unique document access and interviews with key actors, the article makes a triple contribution to the literature on agencies by showing that: (1) interactions within the governmental hierarchy are transactional rather than rule-bound; (2) agency impact in interactions with the political executive depends on the agency head’s skill in forming a strategically neutral approach; (3) a strong agency reputation with key audiences is not sufficient for ensuring political influence or avoiding political interference.

Contact and control: Engagement and influence among women of color state agency heads

AbstractWhile scholarship is delving into the representation of women and people of color within the U.S. bureaucracy, less is known about these individuals' discretion within their roles. Using an intersectionality framework, this article explores the experiences of women of color in leadership roles within state government agencies, their communication with elected superiors, and perceptions of their own policy discretion and communication compared with White men and women, and men of color. Leveraging the American State Administrators Project, we find that women of color have less communication with elected officials and their staff but also perceive that they have less discretionary control over their departments. This article highlights that while women of color are increasing in leadership roles within state bureaucracies, disparities exist between women of color and their colleagues. We call attention to the disproportionate levels of oversight and discretion perceived by women of color.

Legislative responses to shared executive authority: How the prospects for executive branch coordination affect congressional budgetary authority under separated powers

AbstractHow do the prospects for executive branch coordination affect legislatures' willingness to expand or contract budgets for public agencies? A theory is advanced stating the conditions whereby Congress expands and contracts the budgets of U.S. federal executive agencies based upon the type of presidential loyalty displayed by agency heads, as well as whether Congress's policy interests are aligned with or opposed by presidents. One aspect of the theory posits that executive agencies' budgets exhibit relatively lower volatility in response to unreliable executive agency heads when Congress is controlled by a different party than the president compared to instances of unified party government. The evidence offers compelling, albeit mixed, support for the theory's testable predictions while gleaning novel empirical insights for understanding how the prospects for executive branch coordination via leadership appointees affect the contingent nature of Congress's decisions in shaping the funding of U.S. federal executive agencies.

Independent agencies? Political vulnerability and affinity of their leaders

Are the leaders of independent agencies independent in practice? Are the independence requirements set out in legislation a guarantee of de facto independence? This paper reveals the relationship between de iure independence and de facto independence of independent agencies through two dimensions: political affinity and political vulnerability of their leaders. Our analysis reveals how the de iure independence of an agency affects the probability that agency heads will have connections to political parties and whether their mandates will end prematurely in a period of political transition, i.e., when a new government takes office. It also determines whether the biographical profile of agency heads (PhD degree, bureaucratic background, and political affiliation) can influence their security of tenure when governments change, and hence their independence. This is supported by an empirical evaluation of independent authorities in the Czech Republic between 1993 and 2021.

A New Working Class: The Legacies of Public-Sector Employment in the Civil Rights Movement

A New Working Class: The Legacies of Public-Sector Employment in the Civil Rights Movement

Horizontal axis wind turbine blade (HAWT) analysis based on blade element momentum theory (BEM) for some cities in Nigeria

In this research, the blade element momentum (BEM) theory of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) blade with 1 kW power output has been analysed for one station across the six geopolitical zones. Twenty years wind speed data (2000 – 2020) obtained from Nigeria meteorological Agency (NIMET) Head quarter, Abuja. In an effort to optimally explore and utilize wind energy, an optimal design of wind turbine blade needs to be obtained. Therefore, a computational method to analysed and optimize the performance of the wind turbine blades needs to be developed. For that purpose, a computational method based on the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory is developed in this study. In this method, the blade of a wind turbine is divided into several elements and it is assumed that there is no aerodynamic interaction amongst the elements. Furthermore, this (BEM) method incorporated with equations from momentum and blade element theories to obtain equations which are useful in wind turbine blades design process. In this research a computed result for aerodynamic characteristics based on BEM theory shows that, Maiduguri Metropolis is suitable for surface wind electrification among the selected stations with an estimated maximum wind power of 1.774𝑘𝑊 at total lift to drag ratio (𝐹𝐿/𝐹𝐷) of 27.2674 and a mean relative velocity of 14.99m/s. There is an agreement with my findings and that of other researchers.

Loyal Leaders, Affluent Agencies: The Budgetary Implications of Political Appointments in the Executive Branch

A central issue in democratic theory concerns whether and how politicians can maximize their policy returns from bureaucratic delegation. In this article, we propose that politicians assure favorable delegation outcomes in part by strategically matching responsive personnel and prioritized resources across policy issues and over time. We substantiate our analysis with four decades’ worth of data from the Swedish executive bureaucracy, taking particular advantage of the fact that the cabinet ministers generally appoint their agency heads on tenure-protected fixed terms. Using a within-agency research design, we show that the governing parties award more funds to agencies appointed by their ideological allies than to agencies appointed by their ideological opponents. Our findings underscore that political decisions about bureaucratic appointments and appropriations are both part of the same general delegation process but also highlight how political competition can undermine democratic control of bureaucratic policy making.

Determining the Research Capability of the Higher Education Institutions in One Province in the Philippines

This descriptive study aimed to determine the research capability of the private higher education institutions (PHEIs) in one of the provinces in the Philippines. The inputs were derived from the profile of the schools, their research engagements, and the challenges they encountered in doing research. The survey, interview, and FGD methods were employed to gather data from among the agency heads of the four PHEIs in the province. The findings revealed that these schools are composed of middle-aged, permanent faculty, who are Bachelor’s degree holders and are still new in the service. These schools offer courses that are almost similar and have recorded fluctuating annual enrolment rates. All the PHEIs showed to have a low capability in terms of research generation, let alone paper presentations and publication. Considering that HEIs are expected to do research, these results suggest that these schools should take initiative to enhance the capability of their personnel and eventually their research capability. They may collaborate with other research institutions and seek technical assistance like trainings on research writing or mentorship.

Two Wrongs Do Not Make a Right: Understanding Retaliation for Filing Discrimination Complaints in the U.S. Federal Government

One of the primary barriers to equal treatment in the workplace is how victims are treated following a complaint of discrimination. If complaints are not taken seriously or if employees experience retaliation, this discourages others from objecting to discriminatory treatment. This research focuses on retaliation claims and organizational characteristics associated with those claims, using data from U.S. federal government agencies. We evaluate whether leadership reporting structure, staff capacity to manage complaints, and manager representativeness are associated with the rate of retaliation incidents reported by employees. Agencies where the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Director reports directly to the agency head have lower rates of retaliation claims. Conversely, agencies with more EEO staff, per employee, have higher rates of retaliation claims. Manager representativeness is not associated with retaliation claims. Importantly, increased discrimination complaints may not signify a “bad” agency. Instead, this could signify that employees are filing because they believe their claims will be addressed fairly.

Strengthening Rembugan as A Mediation Model in The Resolution of River Water Pollution Disputes (A case study in Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia).

Purbalingga as an industrial area is prone to pollution that has a detrimental impact on society and the environment. It is necessary to find a way that can bring together the parties involved to peacefully resolve environmental disputes. The purpose of this study is to strengthen rembugan as a mediation model for resolving pollution disputes in the old industrial area. This research is qualitative research with a socio-legal approach, by conceptualizing law as non-doctrinal. The results showed that rembugan is a community culture in dispute resolution that reflects the values of local wisdom possessed by the Purbalingga community, namely the attitude of the parties to accept and use consensus methods in dispute resolution. The purpose of rembugan is to achieve harmony and togetherness. The mediator is the Environment Agency (DLH) and Village Head (Kepala Desa). Strengthening rembugan position in the dispute resolution model is supported by Purbalingga community culture, whose characters are honest, free, open, egalitarian, and accepting of consensus. Strengthening rembugan as a mediation model is also supported by government institutions such as village heads and Environment Agency, and is formally regulated in Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning environmental protection and management.

Does Coordinated Administrative Leadership Improve US Federal Agency Management of Discrimination Problems?

Abstract Although the Equal Employment and Opportunity Commission (EEOC) requires that agency EEO directors serve under the direct supervision of agency heads, considerable variation exists on whether agencies adequately implement this requirement into practice by adopting a formal mechanism termed a coordinated reporting organizational arrangement (CROA). A dual exposure−informal resolution strategy is proposed to understand how CROAs improve US federal agencies’ organizational efforts at managing workplace discrimination. This logic is statistically evaluated by estimating endogenous treatment effect regression models that analyze discrimination caseload data from EEOC Annual Reports between 2010 and 2014 spanning 131 US federal agencies. Consistent with this dual exposure−informal resolution strategy, the statistical evidence reveals that CROAs not only encourage agency employees to report incidents of workplace discrimination, but also augment agency efforts at successful internal resolutions of these reported incidents, thus reducing formal complaint filings. Yet, the beneficial effects associated with CROAs are most acutely realized for those agencies displaying either low or high levels of organizational fairness.

Agency Heads’ Public Profiles and Bureaucratic Performance

Do agency heads’ public profiles enhance the performance of bureaucratic agencies? Existing studies of public administration emphasize the role of public information in managing government performance. However, whether public attention to agency heads affects the performance of their agencies is largely understudied. Using a unique dataset of agency heads’ public profiles in South Korea, we predict that such profiles have a positive impact on their agencies’ performance. Although agency heads are not held accountable directly to citizens, close public attention to agency heads’ activities may function as an indirect mechanism of accountability and of improving their organizations’ performance. Our analysis supports our prediction and further suggests that an agency head’s high public profile is a benefit, particularly in more salient policy areas where “going public” is more effective for their policy reforms. Our findings have clear implications: the importance of agency heads’ unconventional roles for effective agency management, responding to rapidly changing external environments.

Reinforcing managerial prerogative in the Australian Public Service during the COVID-19 pandemic

Over several decades Liberal-National Governments have encouraged Australian Public Service (APS) employers to uphold managerial prerogative by offering individual employment arrangements to employees. During the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Morrison Liberal-National Government’s Workplace Bargaining Policy reinforced this agenda. In place of collective bargaining, APS agency heads were encouraged to determine pay rises and new employment conditions for employees using Section 24 of the Public Service Act (PS Act) 1999. Workplace determinations did not need to be negotiated with public sector unions and some 85,500 employees across 57 APS agencies, or approximately 63% of the APS workforce, had accepted pay increases via workplace determinations by 31 December 2020. The widespread adoption of workplace determinations in the APS poses significant challenges for public sector unions and for the future of APS collective bargaining.JEL CodesJ21, J45, J53, K31.

Managing the trade-off between autonomy and task interdependence in creative teams: The role of organizational-level cultural control

In the creative industries, creative output is often produced in temporary project teams, staffed with employees from within the organization. In this study we make two main contributions regarding the management of creative performance in such teams. First, we provide evidence for a fundamental trade-off inherent in creative teamwork. Team creativity benefits both from high team member autonomy and high task interdependence, but when team leaders give higher autonomy to team members then this undermines the positive effect of a more interdependent design of teamwork on team creativity, and vice versa. Second, we argue that cultural control at the organizational level is an effective means to resolve this team-level trade-off and to enable teams to leverage both high autonomy and high task interdependence for higher team creativity. We test our hypotheses using survey data collected at three different organizational levels (team members, team leaders, and agency heads) from 372 individuals of 101 temporary project teams within 53 advertising agencies, and find evidence consistent with our predictions.

Solving Collective Action Problems under Separated and Shared Powers: The Benefits of Consolidating Executive Budgetary Powers, 1895–1940

The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 consolidated executive budgetary powers within the presidency and Congress. I evaluate how the Act reforms altered the nature of executive budgetary influence, using an original historical database from fiscal years 1895 to 1940. I show that these reforms were not only consistent with both political branches’ objective to empower presidents to rein in profligate executive budget proposals under the decentralized budgetary system but also afforded presidents greater budgetary influence when seeking higher funding levels relative to Congress. This mutually beneficial power-sharing arrangement between the president and Congress stands in contrast with existing accounts that these reforms favored one branch at the expense of the other. Finally, I offer evidence that this arrangement was made possible by solving collective action problems within the executive branch that reduced the capacity of seasoned agency heads to shape budgetary outcomes during the postreform era.

Promoting Mental Health and Criminal Justice Collaboration Through System-Level Partnerships.

Recent high-profile deaths of unarmed individuals in police custody have raised concerns about the role of police officers in responding to people who are experiencing mental health crises. Of further concern, people with serious mental illness are highly over-represented throughout the entire criminal justice system including within jail, prison and community corrections populations. It is widely accepted that promoting mental health and criminal justice collaboration is a key to addressing these concerns. Promoting effective collaboration is challenging, however, due to fundamental differences in cultures and methods that exist between mental health and criminal justice service providers. To promote effective collaboration between service providers, a conceptual framework was recently published that divides the collaborative process into separate steps and outlines respective responsibilities at each step. Yet optimal collaboration between mental health and criminal justice service providers requires the support of their respective supervisors and agency heads. This paper extends previous work at the service provider level by applying the conceptual framework to promote effective collaboration at the systems level (i.e., between agencies). Barriers to inter-agency collaboration are discussed, and strategies for facilitating collaboration at each step of the collaborative process are presented.