Industrial Age Research Articles

Security Emergence Framework for Cyber-Physical Production Systems in the Age of Industry 4.0

Security Emergence Framework for Cyber-Physical Production Systems in the Age of Industry 4.0

Laissez-Faire or Sensitive Policymaking: The Legacy of Creative Clusters on Brownfield Sites in Berlin

With his saying “Berlin—poor, but sexy!,” former Governing Mayor Klaus Wowereit framed the motto for a decade of transition in which the German capital became a Mecca for artists, media industries, and creative people from all over the world. Building on a longstanding tradition of tolerating diversity and as a centre of high culture and bohemians, the city developed a new cultural-political identity from a deep transformation crisis after German unification and the extensive loss of its industrial base. In conjunction with a blossoming of temporary uses in a wide variety of vacant properties, often abandoned production, infrastructure, or storage areas, an intense creative scene unfolded. Since the 2010s, this scene has been massively threatened by displacement due to the changed real estate market situation. Over the years, the city has tried to counteract this situation through cultural policy initiatives and niche projects for bottom-up initiatives, with limited success. Against the backdrop of accelerated development of former brownfield sites and funding cuts in urban cultural policy, the question currently arises as to what place subculture can occupy in urban policy in the future. Based on official documents, books, scholarly articles, project websites, newspaper articles, and own observations, this article attempts to evaluate the respective policies in the city over time, to place them in the context of approaches to a more land-security-oriented policy, and to make clear what role the re-used spaces and buildings from the industrial age play in this.

Investigation on the oxidation aging resistance of asphalt by rejuvenator-loaded porous CaCO3 microparticles

ABSTRACT To delay asphalt binder oxidation-aging, a slow-release strategy was proposed, wherein porous CaCO3 microparticles act as a sustained-release carrier. Porous CaCO3 microparticles act as rejuvenators to supplement the evaporated saturate and aromatic fractions during the asphalt pavements service life. Porous CaCO3 microparticles were designed and synthesised via a double-decomposition method, and a vacuum-assisted method was applied to load the rejuvenator into the nanopores. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and laser particle size analysis indicated the successful synthesis of porous CaCO3 microparticles and the realisation of loading for the rejuvenator. Furthermore, CaCO3 microparticles were added as alternatives to mineral fillers in the neat asphalt binder, and short – and long-term aging was conducted on the asphalt mastic. The aging resistance performance results suggested that the CaCO3 microparticles loaded with the rejuvenator exhibited good slow-release behaviour after 20 and 40 h of pressure vessel aging when the dose of the microparticles reached 30%–50%. In addition, the rejuvenator release mechanism investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that the rejuvenator's diffusion coefficient in the aging asphalt system reached 32.9 × 10−7 cm2/s, an increase of about 24% compared to that of the unaged asphalt system and the binding energy of the asphalt rejuvenator after aging was 7.1 times the binding energy of the nanopore rejuvenator. This study indicates that rejuvenator-loaded porous CaCO3 microparticles are promising sustainable candidates for delaying oxidative aging in the asphalt pavement industry.

The Superego of the City: Integrating Psychoanalytic Theory with Sustainable Urbanization in the Age of Industry 4.0

This article introduces the concept of the "superego of the city" by drawing on Freudian psychoanalytic theory to explore the ethical and moral dimensions of contemporary urbanization. As cities undergo rapid transformation driven by metropolization, digitalization, and environmental challenges, traditional urban analysis frameworks have become increasingly inadequate. The "superego of the city" provides a theoretical framework for understanding how urban spaces preserve cultural identity, foster social cohesion, and promote environmental sustainability amid these ongoing changes. By applying this concept to smart city initiatives—specifically in the realm of healthcare waste management—this study demonstrates how the integration of Circular Economy (CE) principles with Industry 4.0 technologies can align technological advancements with the ethical imperatives embodied in the city's collective consciousness.

Improving production sequencing in the age of Industry 4.0: A mathematical launching model approach

Purpose: To enhance enterprise efficiency, this study examines the pivotal role of operations management in optimizing the use of materials, technology, equipment, and personnel, especially within the transformative framework of Industry 4.0.Design/methodology/approach: This article investigates operational preparation in the context of Industry 4.0. Through questionnaires and interviews with stakeholders, problems related to operational preparation were identified. To address these problems, a launching model was developed for production systems. The model considers several parameters important for the production process, including business goals, customer needs, and environmental conditions that impact enterprise performance and profit.Findings: The model determines the importance of jobs to be performed in a certain order to optimize production sequence. The proposed parameters are included in a mathematical-algorithmic launching model based on categorical levels related to the production process, such as profit, delivery times, processing times, total number of technological operations, product types, materials, required quality, product complexity, and resource use. The model was developed based on observations and investigations conducted in Kosovo's enterprises on operations research, and it has the potential to significantly improve production efficiency and profitability in the Industry 4.0 era.Practical implications: The findings of this study have practical implications for operations management within the Industry 4.0 framework, proposing a launching model designed to optimize production processes and enhance efficiency.Originality/value: The originality and value of this research lie in the development of a mathematical-algorithmic launching model that addresses operational preparation in the Industry 4.0 context, taking into account various crucial parameters.

Coming Home in the Age of Industry 4.0? The Effects of Offshoring and Backshoring on Manufacturing Companies’ Success

This study explores the effects of offshoring and backshoring on value creation per employee within the manufacturing sector by investigating the difference between firms that did and those that did not engage in corresponding relocation activities. Historically, offshoring has been a strategy to reduce costs and increase efficiency. However, the rise of advanced digital technologies and changing market dynamics have sparked a countertrend toward backshoring. Using data from the European Manufacturing Survey, this research examines how these strategies impact value creation, also taking into account the roles of sales growth and export intensity as potential moderators. The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicate that neither firms that have engaged in offshoring of production nor firms that have engaged in offshoring of R&D have significantly higher or lower value creation per employee than those that did not. In contrast, firms that have engaged in backshoring of production realize higher value creation when coupled with high sales growth. Firms that have engaged in backshoring of R&D, on the other hand, realize higher value creation when combined with high export intensity. These findings highlight the importance of aligning strategic decisions with both technological capabilities and market conditions to enhance productivity. The study suggests that a balanced and holistic approach, integrating both offshoring and backshoring strategies tailored to specific business contexts, can optimize value creation and maintain competitiveness in a rapidly evolving global landscape.

Kajian Pendidikan Indonesia di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0: Kearifan Lokal dalam Perspektif Bimbingan dan Konseling

The development of national education began after Indonesia’s independence day, and then the government gradually expanded national education, so that education in Indonesia has entered 3 eras, there was modern education, post-modern education, and millennial education. The most recent curriculum launched by the Ministry of Education and Culture is the Independent Curriculum during the Covid-19 pandemic. Essentially, we are required to follow the development of the era, but we must not abandon the foundations of Indonesian culture. Multicultural education based on local wisdom is a requirement that must be implemented, particularly in the field of guidance and counseling. Local wisdom has been established to improve good conditions for students at all levels of education. Research objective: to explain and describe the study of implementing education in the areas of guidance and counseling throughout the Industrial Revolution. Method: literature review by applying 7 steps of literature review by using collection information tools that as scientific literature search software. Results: The 10 journals determined that multicultural education based on local wisdom can increase positive aspects such as resilience, self-awareness, interpersonal communication, self-confidence, self-control, and self-openers when used in guidance and counseling services. Conclusion: In the industrial revolution age, local wisdom is significant and useful in applying guidance and counseling 4.0.

Development of Cilok Wakwaw Culinary Business to Improve Entrepreneurial Spirit Early On in the Process of Adapting to Challenges and Technological Advances in the Industrial Age 4.0 Among Students

Business is an activity carried out by individuals or organizations to make a profit which includes the activities of production, buying, and selling of goods or services. The world's technical advancements have now ushered in the fourth industrial revolution. It has the effect of making nearly all human activity—including commercial activity—online or virtually possible. Business conducted online can be called e-business. One of the e-businesses is e-commerce, namely electronic trading that utilizes the Internet network. Cilok is a food product that is generally made from tapioca flour with a round shape like meatballs. with a chewy texture and is much in demand by the public, especially students. In compiling this scientific article the authors used a qualitative observation method. This study used a subjective methodology to collect information or data. This study's method of gathering data involved distributing a needs questionnaire to both the general public and students. This research aimed to meet the needs and desires of consumers satisfactorily and find out how the level of interest in the Cilok Wakwaw Seblak sauce.

How Sports Involvement and Brand Fit Influence the Effectiveness of Sports Sponsorship from the Perspective of Predictive Coding Theory: An Event-Related Potential (ERP)-Based Study.

Background/Objectives: With the rapid expansion of the global sports market, the significance of sports sponsorship has attracted growing attention. However, during the golden age of the sports industry's development in China, international sports brand giants such as Nike, Adidas, and Under Armour have rapidly captured a substantial share of the Chinese sports consumer market through their distinctive product designs and varied marketing strategies. This has resulted in a highly competitive environment for China's sports goods industry. Therefore, fostering the improved development of domestic sports brands has become a crucial issue deserving of thorough scholarly investigation. This study examines how consumers' differing levels of sports involvement and the degree of fit between the sponsoring brand and the sponsored event affect their cognitive and emotional responses to sports sponsorships. Methods: By employing Predictive Coding Theory and ERP (event-related potential) brainwave technology, this study delves into the psychological and neurobiological levels to analyze the impact of consumer sports involvement on the processing of sponsorship information. Results: The results indicate significant differences in cognitive and emotional responses between high-involvement and low-involvement consumers. Additionally, the fit between the sponsoring brand and the sponsored event also significantly affects consumers' cognitive and emotional responses. These differences stem from consumers' complex and sophisticated predictive coding models. Conclusions: This study not only provides scientific evidence for sports brands in selecting and executing sponsorship activities, but also offers new perspectives for evaluating and optimizing sponsorship effectiveness.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE FUTURE OF COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

As steam engines were introduced and the Industrial Age began, Mesopotamian manufacturing processes underwent significant changes. The mechatronics business is now experiencing a technological boom, thanks to recent breakthroughs in the internet, cellphones, electronics, nanotechnology, healthcare, digital applications, and other related technologies. Robotics and artificial intelligence were prominent topics during the last World Economic Forum, with major economists such as Stiglitz and Roubini making significant contributions to the discussion. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of artificial intelligence on communication sources related to business. The purpose of the research is also to find the answers of the following questions: How well do professionals know and use artificial intelligence? What influence does artificial intelligence have on communication management, say experts? What challenges do professionals face with artificial intelligence communication? What threats do the artificial intelligence use they see? The study has used the data set of a quantitative cross-national survey of 2375 European communication professionals. The study has applied the One-way ANOVA analysis with post-hoc Scheffé, Kendall rank correlation, Pearson product-moment correlation, and Pearson's chi-square tests. The results show that communication managers have driven artificial intelligence implementation and educate themselves and their workforce. There is a significant positive relationship between the use of artificial intelligence and business communication sources. The results the artificial intelligence has make a lot of improvement in communications systems and shows how the experts evaluate the technology. Research indicates that individuals employed in the field of communication have a limited understanding of artificial intelligence, although they possess a higher level of anticipation regarding its influence on their profession compared to its impact on their personal life.

THE ROLE OF BIG DATA ANALYSIS IN FASHION DESIGN

Today, as the contemporary, economic and cultural landscape becomes increasingly volatile, the dynamics of the fashion industry are becoming less predictable. The fast-changing fashion industry is constantly generating data. Big data is a powerful tool that offers new and exciting opportunities for fashion designers. It is used for different purposes such as understanding consumer behaviour, predicting trends and creating more personalized products. Design processes that were previously driven by intuition and instinct have become more fluid, data and goal-oriented with the opportunities offered by big data. This article aims to reveal the purposes of using big data by investigating fashion design models based on big data in the fashion industry in recent years. For this purpose, the current models of big data in fashion design, its limitations and development direction are discussed. While many of the areas of use of big data in the fashion industry (trend analysis, demographic, geographical analysis, age and gender, etc.) have been intensively researched, the number of purely design-oriented research is only recently increasing. This study is unique in that it focuses on the design phenomenon and applications of big data in fashion. In this context, there is no academic study in the national literature. It is expected to contribute to the discussion on the effects of big data and big data-based digital technologies in fashion design.

“A home to grow old in”: The challenge of non-metropolitan housing to support healthy ageing-in-place

Access to suitable and affordable housing for older residents is critical to healthy ageing-in-place. Unfortunately, many non-metropolitan communities do not have the housing stock needed to support residents as they age. This is because industrial restructuring and resource frontier ageing processes have led to limited reinvestment in, and expansion of, ageing housing assets that were designed for a young workforce. Such deficiencies can have cascading impacts not only on the quality-of-life for seniors, but also on community capacity to address overall housing needs. This paper includes a three-part review. After a review of the international literature, the first part introduces data tracking demographic and housing change in 38 non-metropolitan communities across British Columbia (BC), Canada. The second reviews the literature and data on demographic change in Canada, BC, and two case communities – Houston and Tumbler Ridge. The third describes the rural housing landscape across the non-metropolitan BC sample and draws on the voices of older residents in the case communities to describe the lack of fit between the housing stock and the housing needs as people age.

Reflections on Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction: Warhol and Baudrillard in Dialogue

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Industrial Revolution promoted the invention and application of modern mechanical products. The rapid development of productivity led to a speedy improvement in the material standard of living and a surplus of material goods, but the problem of "depersonalisation" arose as individuals gradually lost their sense of satisfaction and individuality in the same mechanised work. The Pop artist Andy Warhol reflected on this era of mechanisation through the reproduction and imitation of forms, initiating his discourse and reflection on the industrial age. A century later, French philosopher Jean Baudrillard put forward the concept of "Simulacra", pointing out that in the information technology and consumer society, the media, such as television, advertisements and the Internet, create a large number of virtual images and information, blurring the boundaries between the reality and the fiction, so that people gradually lose their sense of authenticity and personality in the "Simulacra". This paper will analyse the roots of Warhol's ideological evolution from the individual to the times through the understanding of Warhol's self-description as well as the social activities and values of the time, and use Baudrillard's "Simulacra" and "Surrealism" to explain why Pop Art has transgenerational significance and the exploration of public values it opens up.

“Communist militarism” and the “Monroe Doctrine” in the interpretation of soviet and british political leadership, mid-1920s

Drawing on sources that were previously either inaccessible to researchers or poorly studied, including analytical notes by diplomatic and military experts, testimonies of direct participants in the events, as well as materials from special periodicals, the meaning and content of two concepts, “communist militarism” as interpreted by some leaders of the Comintern and the “Monroe Doctrine” as interpreted by representatives of the British establishment, are examined for the first time by means of comparative analysis. While analysing the policies of both Moscow and London in Central, East, and especially South Asia, the author seeks to identify common and specific features of both concepts in terms of their theoretical significance and practical feasibility during the so-called “era of pacifism” of the mid-1920s. Primary attention is paid to the problem of the formation of the Asian vector of foreign policy, which the Soviet leadership faced, in comparison with the desire of the British ruling circles to adapt the Empire to the realities of the industrial age.

Incidence, trends and factors associated with psychological injury among health and social care workers in New South Wales, Australia: a retrospective cohort study of workers' compensation claims.

To describe and compare the incidence and trends of workers' compensation (WC) claims for psychological injury: (1) between health and social care (HSC) industry and other industries; (2) among specific occupations in the HSC industry; and (3) to determine if psychological injury claim rates differ by age and gender in the HSC industry and among specific occupations. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the New South Wales WC system. Workers with accepted psychological injury claims between July 2012 and June 2021 were included. Negative binomial regression models were employed to estimate incidence rate ratios and 95% CIs. The HSC industry had a higher incidence (2.4 per 1000 workers) than all other industries combined (1.1 per 1000 workers). In the HSC industry, the incidence increased from 1.8 in 2013-2015 to 3.4 in 2019-2021. Ambulance officers had the highest incidence (24.9 per 1000 workers) and the highest growth rate. Nurses and midwives, and aged and disability care workers also had fast-growing incidence over the 9 years. Risk of psychological injury claims was highest among female workers and older adults. The increasing incidence and trend of psychological injury claims among HSC workers in New South Wales signify a growing public health issue. Greater efforts are needed to prevent work-related psychological injury in the HSC industry and support affected workers. The different patterns of psychological injury claims across occupations suggest that interventions should be tailored to each occupational group.

W/holistic participatory democracy: An ideal societal governance design

AbstractCurrent societal systems (including societal governance) are legacy systems of the industrial age. They are derived from reductionist thinking, the worldview of the industrial age. With the advancing information age, they become increasingly problem riddled and need to be transformed, based on a new worldview (i.e., w/holistic or systems thinking). The aim of this paper is to create an ideal w/holistic democracy design that dissolves current problems, serves citizens, and allows their direct participation in governance. The research method is a theory‐based design, whereby generic organizing principles of Biomatrix Systems Theory are applied to create the design. The theory distinguishes between organismic and functional systems, whereby an organism (e.g., nation) emerges from the interaction of its functions (e.g., political, economic, cultural, and ecological) organized by an ethos, as well as from the interaction with other organisms (i.e., citizens, organizations, and other nations). Those distinctions give rise to a five‐faceted governance design (i.e., concerned with the conceptual and physical reality of the nation, single and multifunctional development, and relations with other systems), which is executed by different governance structures (i.e., a Citizens Forum, National Development Forum, and Function Forums), with the dual participation of citizens as equal members of the nation (using a general vote) and as expert citizens associated with a specific societal function (using a functional vote). Because the theory describes generic w/holistic organizing principles, it can be concluded that the implementation of the design (called W/Holistic Participatory Democracy) will dissolve problems derived from the current reductionist representative democracy model.

Using Machine Learning to Identify Diseases and Perform Sorting in Apple Fruit

Fruit diseases play a major role in global agriculture, leading to substantial crop losses and influencing food production and economic stability. In this age of Industry 4.0 the fruit sorting is an important part in the food processing wherein this work plays a vital role. In this study, a solution for the detection and classification of apple fruit diseases is proposed and experimentally validated. Deep learning models offer promise for automating disease identification using fruit images, but encounter obstacles such as therequirement for extensive training data, computational complexity, and the risk of overfitting. This study introduces an innovative convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture aimed at addressing these challenges by incorporating a reduced number of layers, thus alleviating computational burdens while maintaining performance. Additionally, augmentation techniques such as shift, shear, scaling, zoom, and flipping are employed to diversify the training set without additional image acquisition. Our CNN model is specifically trained to identify common apple crop diseases like Scab, Rot, and Blotch. Rigorous experimental evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness ofour model, achieving a remarkable classification accuracy of 95.37%. Significantly, our model demonstrates reduced storage requirements and faster execution times compared to existing deep CNN architectures, enabling deployment on handheld devices and resource-limited environments. While other CNN models may offer similar accuracy levels, our approach emphasizes efficiency and resource optimization, rendering it practical for real-world applications in agriculture. Furthermore, our CNN model exhibits resilience to environmental variations and imaging parameters, enhancing its applicability across diverse agricultural settings. By leveraging advanced machine learning techniques, the approach developed in this experimental work contributes to modernizing fruits and vegetables sorting operations in food processing, crop management practices thus promoting agricultural sustainability. The scalability and portability of our model make it suitable for deployment in both small-scale farms and large-scale agricultural operations.

Digital Transformation in the Era of Industry 4.0: Implications for Business Models and Operations

This paper explores the impact of digital transformation in the age of Industry 4.0 on business models and operations, with a specific focus on literature published between 2018 and 2024. The emergence of Industry 4.0 has brought about significant transformations in traditional business frameworks and operational processes. This is primarily due to the advancements in technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and big data analytics. This research explores various important topics, including the development of digital business models, the effects of new technologies on operational efficiency, and the long-term viability of digital transformation efforts. The findings indicate that in order to stay competitive and ensure long-term viability, businesses need to constantly innovate their models and strategically incorporate advanced technologies. The study highlights the significance of change management and organizational culture in enabling successful digital transformation. This paper offers a thorough examination of various sources, providing a well-rounded perspective on how businesses can effectively navigate the complexities of Industry 4.0. The insights gained from this research contribute to fostering a business environment that is flexible and capable of withstanding challenges.

Industry 4.0 and Fayol’s 14 Principles of Functional Management: Relevances, Emerging Practices and Consequences

Aim: This study aims to examine and evaluate the relevance and importance of Henri Fayol's principles of management and its emerging practices in the context of Industry 4.0. Approach: The study employs a literature review approach to analyze and synthesize existing research and literature related to Fayol's principles of management and their applicability in the age of Industry 4.0. Findings: The analysis shows that several of Fayol's principles, including division of labor, authority and responsibility, discipline, order, equity, and stability of tenure of personnel, remain remarkably relevant in the digital age. But, some principles, such as unity of command and unity of direction, may need to be adapted in decentralized decision-making and cross-functional collaboration. The study also identifies new management practices and methodologies, such as agile methodologies, design thinking, and data-driven decision-making, that are emerging to meet the demands of Industry 4.0. By adapting and applying Fayol's principles in new and innovative ways, businesses can leverage the opportunities of Industry 4.0 while ensuring a positive work environment and employee satisfaction. Originality/Value: This study provides valuable insights for businesses and management practitioners on the continued relevance and applicability of Fayol's principles of management in the age of Industry 4.0. The study also highlights the need for businesses to invest in employee learning and development, utilize data and analytics, and explore new tactics and practices better suited to the digital age.

Earth Observations, Digital Footprints and Machine-Learning: Greenhouse Gas Stocktaking for Climate Change Mitigation

Introduction & BackgroundMethane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas, leaving both a physical and digital footprint from natural (40%) and human (60%) sources. Its atmospheric concentration has increased from 722 ppb before the industrial age to ~1,922 ppb in recent times. Because of its global warming potential, measuring and monitoring CH4 is crucial to mitigating the impacts of climate change. However, large uncertainties exist in “bottom-up” inventories (a product of activity data based on counts of components, equipment or throughput, and estimates of gas-loss rates per unit of activity for different land uses) reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, making it difficult for policymakers to set emission reduction targets. To address this, we employ causality-constrained machine learning (ML) to combine different gas observations from satellite sensors onboard the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (which measure a digital footprint of human methane-generating behaviour) with outputs from chemical modelling. These are linked with datasets from the national statistics office, meteorology office and a comprehensive survey on quality of life in the emission field, to improve bottom-up estimates of CH4 emissions at the Earth’s surface. Objectives & ApproachThe research uses mixed methods for collecting and analysing both qualitative and quantitative data for multidisciplinary processing strategies for monitoring CH4 emissions locally and regionally. It also assesses whether additional “digital footprint” variables besides the well-known chemical sources and sinks can be studied to improve our understanding of the CH4 budget. We have conducted an “analytical inversion” of satellite observations of CH4 to obtain emission fluxes. These represent the dependent variable for our ML model, in combination with 22 independent variables (co-occurring trace gases, meteorological fields, land use, land cover, population, livestock, and data from a survey of quality of life from the Gauteng City-Region Observatory, covering a broad range of socio-economic, personal and political issues) with near-real-time Earth observation data, to aid the development of a causality-constrained ML model for the prediction of CH4 fluxes. Relevance to Digital FootprintsWe make use of not only satellite imagery, but socio-economic, demographic, and environmental data, and repurpose it for environmental sustainability in the context of mitigating climate change. We are creating unique resources in documenting rapid changes in emissions. Conclusions & ImplicationsThis research will make important contributions to developing countries with limited resources, enabling them to contribute to the global stocktake towards net-zero by helping policymakers identify geographic regions that are major emitters, enabling them to put measures into place to mitigate emissions.