Age Of First Child Research Articles

Antibiotics use in children: Practice predictors among mothers of under–fives

In the developing countries, drug administration in children under the age of five is a task mostly undertaken by mothers. Parental practices in the use of antibiotics in children can determine the extent of the therapeutic benefit and the development of resistance. This study investigated mothers’ practices on use of antibiotics in children and determined the possible socio-demographic predictors of good practice.
 Mothers of at least a child under the age of five were interviewed to determine their use of antibiotics in children and summary and inferential statistical analysis were conducted.
 Of the 313 mothers interviewed, 119(38%) had overall poor practice. One hundred and eighty-eight (60.1%) used antibiotics when their children had catarrh and sore throats, 195(62.3%) stopped giving antibiotics when their children felt better before completing the dose, 260(83.1%) saved some antibiotics at home in case of future use, 126(40.3%) gave antibiotics without the doctor’s prescription. Older mothers had a greater likelihood to save some antibiotics at home in case of future use, OR=1.087,95%CI-1.016-1.163, increasing age of first child decreases the odds of requesting antibiotics from the doctor OR=0.989, 95% CI:0.981-0.997 while increasing number of children had almost a two-fold increase on the likelihood to request for antibiotics, OR=1.624,95% CI=1.05-2.386. Attaining a tertiary level of education had over a two-fold (OR=2.337, 95% CI=1.063-5.137) and a three-fold (OR=3.262,95% CI= 1.566-6.802) increase on the odds of giving antibiotics to a child without a doctor’s advice and reading information leaflets respectively. There was a significant difference between self- perceived practice level and actual practice level (P=0.01).
 A good proportion of mothers had less than adequate antibiotics practice levels and some demographic factors predicted practice. Advocacy should be employed to improve practices associated with antibiotics use in children in the developing countries.

Analyze predisposing risk factor of breast cancer(BC) among Iraqi women in Baghdad teaching hospital and oncology unit center in Baghdad

Abstract
 Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women worldwide .in Iraq Breast cancer ranks first among cancer diagnosed in women, the goal of this study is to bring the lights towards the importance of most common risk factors to reduce the incidence of breast cancer.
 Materials and methods: A case control study of breast cancer women who attended oncology unit and Baghdad educational hospital in Baghdad between first of June 2018, and first of September 2018, the cases were (60) and control (90) all of them use formula that contain (marital status of women, age, occupation, parity, age of first child, age of menarche, of menopause, smoking, use of contraceptive pills, body mass index, family history of breast cancer) and cases was all had medical records available. We use SPSS version 23. Each parameter is compared separately for statistically significant differences.
 Results: In this study show that the mean age of cases (48.30) and the mean of control (34.42) .
 And as we show the domiation from house wife with percentage (71%) regarding case but the control also show like this percentage.
 The BMI show so close mean between case (28.1) and control (27.07) and has no effect on disesas , the martial status was 84.7% of both cases and control so no statisticaly significant, the gravity, abortion and breast feeding show no significant differences.
 The family history shows highly significant, in case show (24) person from (60) have family member with diseas, most of them have (sister) with BC .
 Radiation and smoking show no statistically differences, regarding radiation only 14 women of all sample had exposure to radiation from different source. The contraceptive show significant differences there is (35) of case from (60) use contraceptive drug they have breast cancer.
 Conclusion: The majority of women with breast cancer were had been in the 5th decade
 and we show in this study no relation between smoking and BC, women with family history has more risk to have BC. Contraceptive pills is also strong predictor of Breast cancer.

Parity: A key measure of confounding in data-linkage studies of outcomes after medically assisted reproduction.

Parity is a potential confounder of the association between medically assisted reproduction (MAR) and health outcomes. This concept paper describes a population-based record linkage study design for selecting MAR-unexposed women matched to the parity of MAR-exposed women, at the time of the first exposure to MAR. Women exposed to MAR were identified from claims for government subsidies for relevant procedures and prescription medicines, linked to perinatal records. Women unexposed to MAR were identified from linked perinatal and death records, matched to exposed women by age, rurality, age of first child (if any) and parity at the date of first MAR. The availability of a longitudinal, whole-of-population dataset (“population spine”) based on enrolments in Australia’s universal health insurance scheme was a critical design element. The example application examines cancer risk in women after exposure to MAR. Parity is a confounder in this setting because it is associated with MAR and hormone-sensitive cancers.

1264P - Clinicopathologic Features of Never-Smoking Women Lung Cancer (WLC): A Review from the Spanish World07 Database

ABSTRACT Background Lung cancer in never-smoker appears to be a distinct entity from lung cancer in smoker, with specific molecular characteristics and potential different treatment. Several factors like hormonal, environmental, genetic, pre-existing lung diseases, and virus, may play etiologic roles, and an in-depth understanding of them is needed. So, new clinicopathologic aspects of never-smoking WLC should be very important to know the biology of this tumoral disease. Methods Information has been extracted from WORLD07 database, a prospective, from 32 Spanish centers, epidemiologic female-specific lung cancer e-database performed by ICAPEM, an association to research WLC. Results From October 2007 to October 2011, 539 newly diagnosed never-smoking WLC were included in World07 database (39.3% of 1371 patients(p). P characteristics are: median age 71.1 years(y) (range: 22-91). Previous history of cancer (%): 13(breast, lung, cervix: 41.4,5.7,2.9). Gynecological features: median age of menarche 13y, Postmenopausal 88.9%, median age of menopause 49y. Median age of first child 26.4y Children: 91.2% (median: 2.3). Oral contraceptive: 11.9%. HRT: 5.2%. Tobacco exposure: Second-hand smokers: 40%, work-exposure 17.1%, home-exposure 88.8%. Obesity: 16.3%. Familiar history of cancer: 39.9% (lung cancer 29.8%).Lung cancer histology (%): adenocarcinoma/BAC/squamous/large cell/SCLC/others: 69.2/6.8/5.7/5.0/3.8/3.8. EGFR mutated p (268 p analized): 55.5%, exon 19/20/21(%): 61.1/7.4/36.9. TNM NSCLC I/II/III/IV (%): 14/3.3/19.8/60.3. Treatment: EGFR-TKI in p harboring EGFR mutations stage IV (1st-/2nd-line)(%): 51.7/15.4; stage IV NSCLC(1st-line)(%): platinum-based chemotherapy 42.5, combinations with bevacizumab 2.9. Overall survival: median 27 months (m), 1/2-y(%) 74.8/55.2; stage IV NSCLC: median 20.5m, 1/2-y(%) 67/46; EGFR mutated p: median 27.3m, 1/2-y(%) 75/54.3. Conclusions Never-smoking WLC represents 39% of Spanish World07 database. The high incidence of adenocarcinoma histology (69.2%) and EGFR mutated tumors suggests a different clinical and genetic profiling and recommend a different treatment approach for this group of patients. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Child-Rearing Practices and Parenting Efficacy of Marriage-Immigrant Women

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify child-rearing practices and parenting efficacy of Marriage-Immigrant Women. Methods: The research design was a descriptive study using self-report questionnaires. Data were collected from May 16 to December 30, 2008. Marriage-immigrant women (n=186) were recruited in G Province, C Province and P city. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation coefficients with SPSS 14.0 were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean score for child-rearing practices was 40.61±6.67 and there were significant differences in child-rearing practices by nationality, and Korean language ability. The mean score for parenting efficacy was 67.67±12.14 and there were significant differences in parenting efficacy by age, nationality, marital period, age of first child and Korean language ability. There were significant positive correlations between child-rearing practices and parenting efficacy (r=.227, p=.002). Conclusion: In this study, marriage-immigrant women showed a moderate level of child-rearing practices and parenting efficacy. Because child-rearing is mainly the mother’s role in the family, knowledge, attitudes to child-rearing and parenting efficacy of mothers influence child-rearing practices and these then, affect children’s health. Therefore child-rearing educational programs for marriage-immigrant women should be developed to support the mothers’ child-rearing practices and improve parenting efficacy.

Lung cancer in women: The Spanish female-specific database WORLD 07

8084 Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in many countries. Gender differences have been reported, most of them based on retrospective analysis. Methods: WORLD07 is a prospective, multicenter, epidemiologic female-specific lung cancer database developed by the Spanish Lung Cancer Group. Data on demographics, previous cancer history, reproductive and hormonal status, diet, alcohol, tobacco, and occupational information are being collected just as histology, stage, treatment and survival. Results: From October 2007 to Nov 2008, 342 female newly diagnosed of lung cancer were collected in an e-database in 20 Spanish centers. Patients (p) characteristics are: median age 61.7 years (y) (range: 36 - 87); Caucasian: 98.2%; Marital status (%): married 67.7, unmarried 11.2, divorced 7.1, widow 14. Educational level (%): basic 57.4, secondary 29.1, university 13.5. Median age of menarche 12.7 y. Children: 79.4% (median: 2); Median age of first child 27 y. Oral contraceptive: 30.6%. Pre-menopausal 15.4%,postmenopausal 84.6%. Median age of menopause 46.7 y. HRT: 5.3%. Median duration of HRT: 4.4 y. Obesity: 11.3%. Smoking habit (%): never (passive smoker/no exposition)/former/current smokers: 42 (42.8/57.2) /19 /39; Median packs/year 72.4. Former smokers: 1–5/5–10/10–15/>15 y (%): 51/11.8/7.8/29.4. Work exposure 3.5%. Alcohol consumption 3.2%. Familial history of cancer: 45.5% (lung cancer 29.7%). Previous history of cancer 13.8% (breast 33.3%). Current lung cancer histology (%): adenocarcinoma/BAC/squamous/large cell/NOS: 70.4/5.7/10.4/7.9/5.7. SCLC 11.8%. TNM I/II/III/IV (%): 16/3.9/28.7/51.4. Surgical treatment 24.7 % (lobectomy/pneumonectomy/exploratory: 85.5/9.2/5.3%). Available data of 122 stage IV NSCLC p: 74.6% receive chemotherapy, 92.3% of them two drugs and 68.9 % platinum-based (59% cisplatin). EGFR mutations analysis 7.9%. Conclusions: According this series, 42% of Spanish lung cancer women are never smokers and 70.4% have adenocarcinoma. Other collected information, choice of treatment and survival outcomes will be also analyzed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.