20s Age Group Research Articles

Shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in young, healthy workers

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a relatively common disease, and preventing its occurrence is important for both individual health and reducing social costs. Shift work is reported to have several negative effects on health. An association has been observed between NAFLD and both sleep time and quality; however, this association remains unclear in night shift workers. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between shift work and the incidence of NAFLD. Overall, 45,149 Korean workers without NAFLD were included at baseline. NAFLD was defined as the presence of a fatty liver observed on ultrasonography without excessive alcohol use. incidence rate ratios for incident NAFLD were estimated using negative binomial regression according to age groups (20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s). In the 20s age group, shift work showed a significant incidence rate ratio (IRR) for NAFLD in all models. After adjusting for all variables, the IRR (95% confidence interval) was 1.24 (1.08–1.43) in the 20s age group. In their 20s, a significant association between shift work and incident NAFLD was consistently observed among women and workers with poor sleep quality. In this large-scale cohort study, shift work was significantly associated with the development of NAFLD among young workers in their 20s.

Age-related changes in scalp biophysical parameters: A comparative analysis of the 20s and 50s age groups.

Age-related changes in scalp parameters affect hair quality and scalp condition. However, detailed data on biophysical parameters of the scalp across age groups remain scarce. We aimed to investigate the differences in scalp parameters between individuals in their 20s and 50s and analyze their sex-specific variations. Two hundred participants (160 women and 40 men) were equally divided into 20s and 50s age groups. Biophysical parameters of the scalp, including elasticity, pH, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum production, desquamation, firmness, redness, and yellowness, were measured in the vertex, occipital, and temporal regions. Hair density and thickness were measured in the temporal region. The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the skin was noninvasively measured in a subset of 60 women. Skin firmness and redness increased with age in women, whereas yellowness increased with age in both sexes. Sebum production and pH levels were significantly lower in the 50s age group than in the 20s age group, particularly in women. TEWL was lower in men in their 50s than in those in their 20s, particularly in the occipital region. A significant reduction in hair density was observed in the 50s age group in both sexes. AGE accumulation in the skin increased with age and was correlated with scalp skin yellowness. Age-related changes in scalp parameters have important implications for hair health and scalp condition. These findings emphasize the importance of considering age and sex when developing hair care strategies.

Cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome in a national population-based cohort of young adults and sex-specific risk for type 2 diabetes

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is associated with type 2 diabetes and its prevalence is increasing worldwide in young adults. We aimed to determine whether cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome is associated with type 2 diabetes risk in young adults.MethodsData of 1,376,540 participants aged 20–39 years without a history of type 2 diabetes and who underwent four annual health check-ups were collected. In this large-scale prospective cohort study, we evaluated the incidence rates and hazard ratios (HRs) of diabetes according to cumulative frequencies of metabolic syndrome over 4 years of consecutive annual health check-ups (burden score 0–4). Subgroup analyses were performed by sex and age.ResultsDuring 5.18 years of follow-up, 18,155 young adults developed type 2 diabetes. The incidence of type 2 diabetes increased with burden score (P < 0.0001). The multivariable-adjusted HRs for type 2 diabetes were 4.757, 10.511, 18.288, and 31.749 in participants with a burden score of 1 to 4, respectively, compared to those with 0. In subgroup analyses, the risk of incident diabetes was greater in women than men and in the 20–29 years age group than the 30–39 years age group. The HRs were 47.473 in women and 27.852 in men with four burden scores.ConclusionThe risk of type 2 diabetes significantly increased with an increase in the cumulative burden of metabolic syndrome in young adults. Additionally, the association between cumulative burden and diabetes risk was stronger in women and the 20s age group.

The Effect of Chinese Beauty Influencer Characteristics and Marketing Strategies on the Purchase Intention of Luxury Brand Cosmetics Among Women in Their 20s to 50s

In order to meet the needs of consumers, luxury cosmetic brands all over the world have improved the efficiency of brand names, designs, and products functionality which promoted consumer purchases. Therefore, this study aimed at Chinese women in their 20s to 50s to investigate whether the characteristics and marketing strategies of beauty influencers had an impact on the purchase intention of luxury cosmetic brands. The 200 questionnaires were used from July 06 to 28, 2022 were analyzed by using WeChat and the Wenjuanwang program. Data analysis was conducted via SPSSWIN 21.0 with frequency analysis and factor analysis to test validity. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach‘s coefficient. Descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were also conducted. Analysis results were as follows. The 20s age group (age), university (education), white collar (occupation), 3000~5000 yuan (monthly income). The characteristics of Beauty Influencer are shown in the order of similarity and reliability, the marketing strategy is shown in the order of product type and product characteristics, the purchase intention of luxury cosmetics brand is shown in the order of product information exploration and consumer attitude. The characteristics and marketing strategies of beauty influencer had a positive (+) correlation with purchase intention of luxury cosmetics brand. The similarity and reliability factors of influencer characteristics have a great impact on all factors of the purchase intention of luxury cosmetics brand. The brand characteristics and product characteristics of the marketing strategy have a great effect on all the factors of the purchase intention of luxury cosmetics brand. This study shown a great influence on purchase intention in terms of the similarity and reliability of influencers characteristics and brand characteristics and product characteristics of marketing strategies. Therefore, according to the characteristics of beauty influencer and marketing strategies of publicity products, positive factors to meet the need of consumers are put forward.

온라인교육의 편리성과 학업성취도 및 학습만족도의 관계

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate learners' perception and relationship with convenience of online education, academic achievement, and learning satisfaction and to help develop more effective online education methods by emphasizing the importance of convenience. Methods For an empirical survey according to the purpose of this study, a Google form-based questionnaire was conducted for beauty majors nationwide from March 24, 2021 to June 20, 2021, and a total of 402 questionnaires were collected and used as final analysis data. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS 21.0, and frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. Results An 83.3% of the gender in the survey was women, in the age group of 20s, and a vocational college garduates (including enrolled students) as their highest level of achievement in education. The reason for online beauty education for beauty majors was efficient use of time, and they responded positively to convenient learning methods and time savings in online education. In addition, as the convenience of online education increased, the practical and theoretical achievement, which are sub-factors of academic achievement, was increased. Also, followed by the increase of convenience, the learning satisafaction increased. Conclusions This study investigated the relationship between convenience, academic achievement, and learning satisfaction of beauty major learners, and as a result, the relationship was found to be significant in the effect of independent variable, an academic achievement and learning satisfaction. Therefore, in order to increase the academic achievement and learning satisfaction of beauty majors in online education, the convenience of online education must be accompanied, which is an essential element of sustainable beauty major online education

Characterising end-of-life decision-making of life-sustaining treatment among Japanese nurses

Often, nurses are closer to end-of-life (EOL) patients than other medical professionals, due to the time they spend with them at their bedside, which leads them to understand patients' care goals. To investigate the importance of EOL preferences by examining nurses' EOL decision-making regarding life-sustaining treatment (LST). In this cross-sectional study, 559 self-reported questionnaires of Japanese nurses were examined. Marital status, age and decision-making regarding LST for themselves were investigated. Unmarried participants from all age groups had a higher percentage of 'no preference for LST' than married groups. Differences between the percentages were higher in the 20s age group. Married participants increasingly preferred to receive no LST as their age increased, unlike single participants. Marital status influences Japanese nurses' EOL decision-making regarding LST. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a patient's marital status to facilitate better decision-making.

Predicting User Acceptance of Strong AI using Extension of Theory of Planned Behavior: Focused on the Age Group of 20s

Predicting User Acceptance of Strong AI using Extension of Theory of Planned Behavior: Focused on the Age Group of 20s

The importance of anatomical zonal classification in the early management of penetrating neck injuries

Background: Penetrating neck injuries are common problem in our country due to increasing violence, terrorist bombing and military operations.These injuries are potentially life threating and need great attention and proper management.Objective: The aim of this study is to focus on the importance of anatomical zonal classification of the neck in the management of penetrating injuries of the visceral compartment of the Neck.Methods :70 patients with various injuries who were managed at causality unit and Otolaryngology department in Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital during aperiod from January 1st 2015 to October 31st 2015.The study carried on those patient depending on proper clinical examination and their urgent management.Results : Both civilian and military patients were admitted to the hospital, 34 patients (47.2%) in their 20s age group, while only 2 (2.8%) in 60s.High percentage of penetrating neck injuries in zone , 48 patient (68.6%) and lowest in zone , 6 patients (8.5%).40 patients (57.1%) presented with tracheal and laryngeal injuries and 12 patients (17.5%) were with pharyngeal injuries, 4 patients (5.7) were with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and 13 patients (18.5%) presented with vascular injuries.Radiological examination done for 53 patients (75%) and we found foreign bodies in 30 patients (56.6%), tracheal deviation in 4 patients (7.5%) and emphysema in 19 patients (35.8%).Tracheostomy done in 51 patients (72.8%) neck, exploration in 20 patients (28.5%) and a 9 patients (12.8%) treated conservatively.Conclusion: Zonal classification of penetrating neck injuries was helpful in the management. Our study explains demographics and location of the injuries. Young men involved in violence and bombing was at high risk.Zone with involvement of trachea, larynx and pharynx were most common areas of injuries.RecommendationsAnatomical zone classification should be used as a guideline in management of penetrating neck injuries. (Trauma lifesaving guideline).Tracheostory should be practiced by every doctor in casualty unit. Team of surgeons and anaesthiologist should be always ready for any intervention with patient present to the casualty unite with a penetrating neck injury. Emergency medicine medical practice must be presents in every casualty unit to deal with insults.Aim of the study1.To recognize penetrating injuries of the neck according to the anatomic neck zones.2.Identify the outcome of their treatment

Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma in the Young

Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) represents a very rare group of malignant tumors comprising less than 10% of all uterine sarcomas but only around 0.2% of all uterine cancer. In developing countries, the prevalence of ESS is approximately two in a million perimenopausal women between ages of 45 and 50 years. The occurrence in younger women is rare and the diagnosis frequently delayed due to low index of suspicion. Two cases of ESS diagnosed in women in the 20s age group were documented in a tertiary hospital. Both patients presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding associated with hypogastric pain and rapid abdominal enlargement. Surgery was the primary treatment modality and histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis. Adjuvant therapy remains controversial. ESS is a rare pathological entity, more so in the young. However, the diagnosis of a malignancy should not be missed despite rarity of occurrence in this age group. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2020;9(3):73-77 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcgo647

Age-related changes in muscle thickness and echo intensity of trunk muscles in healthy women: comparison of 20-60s age groups.

The objective of this study was to investigate the age-related changes in muscle thickness and muscle echo intensity of trunk in subjects including wide range of age groups. The subjects were 112 healthy women (age range 20-60s). The rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, erector spinae, and lumbar multifidus muscles were examined. To confirm the differences among the age groups, the linear mixed effect models were performed. There were significant decreases in muscle thickness of the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles in the 50s and 60s age groups compared to those in the 20s age group, and a significant decrease in muscle thickness of the erector spinae muscle in the 60s age group compared tothose in the 20s age group. However, there was no significant difference among the age groups in muscle thickness of other trunk muscles. There were significant increases in echo intensity of the abdominal musclesin otherage groups compared to those inthe 20s age group, and significant increases in echo intensity of the back muscles in the age groups over 40 compared to those in the 20s group. Our study revealed that muscle quality may be more affected by age than muscle quantity and the effects of aging differ among muscles.

Effects of demographic factors on adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in bone marrow-derived stem cells.

Stem cells have the characteristics of long-term self-renewal and plasticity and the ability to differentiate into specialized cells. Stem cells are widely recognized as potential tools for use in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of demographic factors on adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) spheroids. Age- and gender-associated alterations in the adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs were examined. Human BMSCs were isolated from male and female participants in their 20s, 30s and 50s. Cell morphology and relative values of adipogenesis and chondrogenesis were examined by measuring the relative intensity of oil red O and Alcian blue staining, respectively. Cell morphology alterations in BMSCs isolated from male and female participants in their 20s, 30s and 50s and grown in adipogenic media were very similar. In addition, there were no significant differences in the relative values of adipogenesis in BMSCs for the 20s, 30s and 50s age groups on day 8 and 16. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in the relative values of adipogenesis in BMSCs for the male and female groups on day 8 and 16. Cell morphology changes in BMSCs isolated from male and female participants in their 20s, 30s and 50s and grown in chondrogenic media were very similar. In addition, there were no significant differences in the relative values of chondrogenesis in BMSCs for the 20s, 30s and 50s age groups on day 8, however there was a significant difference observed in the relative values of chondrogenesis in BMSCs on day 16 for the 30s and 50s age groups, compared with the 20s age group. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the relative values of adipogenesis in BMSCs for the male and female groups on day 8 and 16. The current study demonstrated that there were no significant differences in the adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs isolated from healthy male donors vs. healthy female donors. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in the adipogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs isolated from different age groups on day 8. However, there was a significant increase in the chondrogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs isolated from participants in their 30s and 50s, compared with BMSCs isolated from participants in their 20s on day 16.

A feasibility study on age-related factors of wrist pulse using principal component analysis.

Various analysis methods for examining wrist pulse characteristics are needed for accurate pulse diagnosis. In this feasibility study, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to observe age-related factors of wrist pulse from various analysis parameters. Forty subjects in the age group of 20s and 40s were participated, and their wrist pulse signal and respiration signal were acquired with the pulse tonometric device. After pre-processing of the signals, twenty analysis parameters which have been regarded as values reflecting pulse characteristics were calculated and PCA was performed. As a results, we could reduce complex parameters to lower dimension and age-related factors of wrist pulse were observed by combining-new analysis parameter derived from PCA. These results demonstrate that PCA can be useful tool for analyzing wrist pulse signal.

그린인테리어 오피스에 대한 인간의 심리적 효과 분석

This study has been carried out to investigate the psychological effect of green interior office. 76 of women who are expert or entered into this field were questioned in the office with and without green interior. Attention restoration, profile of mood states(POMS) and semantic differential(SD) have been used to compare the measurement of psychological condition and paired t-test, analysis of frequency, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation analysis has been processed. As the result of comparison of three psychological indexes, attention restoration was significantly lower in the area without green interior than with it. In the examination of mood condition, tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, fatigue and confusion were lower and vigor was higher significantly(p<0.001) in the office with green interior than without it. However, there were significant differences between age group in the category of tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility and fatigue in the result for the analysis of examination of mood condition by age. According to the overall result, more negative emotions (tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, fatigue and confusion) were shown in the age group of 20s and 60s in the office with green interior than 40s and 50s and positive feeling(vigor) was lower. In addition, as a result of evaluation for impression of pleasant, natural and calm with SD method, it was significantly higher in the office with green interior. As a result of analysis of impression for the effect of green interior, 96% believes, it provides the effect of air cleaner, improvement of work efficiency, psychological stability and improvement of human auto-therapy and 88.6% believes it provides cure of atopic dermatitis. Therefore, it is being considered with the positive impressions for green interior. Furthermore, there was the highest correlation with 0.659 between the comment, “Green interior improves effect of air cleaning” and “Green interior improves psychological stability” in the result of correlation analysis. This result is showing that there is potential possibility of using green interior to create green healing office. Keywords: Attention recovery scale, Pleasant, Profile of mood states(POMS).

시력, 폰트, 굵기, 성별에 따른 2음절 및 3음절 농약 제품 표시글자의 가독성 평가

Abstract Safety and health related information for the proper use and handing of pesticides is usually printed on the surface of the pesticide products in the form of texts. But, the guidelines or standards for the appropriate presentation of the texts for the pesticide products are most vague or not practical. Thus, this study aimed to provide the preliminary guidelines for the text sizes based on the legibility experiments. To achieve the objective legibility evaluation experiments were conducted to test the effects of different near vision (0.6, ≥0.8), gender, font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness of font(plain and bold), and number of syllables(2 and 3 syllables) in the same age group of 20s. The results showed that legibility was different according to the visual acuity (p<0.05), and no other main effects showed statistically significant effects. The ‘maximum illegible size’ to read at least one word correctly in all the text conditions was 2 pt when the near vision was ≥0.8, and 2 pt or 3 pt when the near vision was 0.6. The ‘minimum legible size' for 100% correct answer was 9 pt for the near vision of 0.6, and 5.3 pt for ≥0.8, respectively. Mean character size does not read any discomfort in 0.6 was 15.5 pt in both male and female but male was mean 8.5 pt, female was 10 pt in ≥0.8. Considering these experimental results, it was recommended that the 16 pt or larger characters should be used the important information such as 'Pesticides' or toxicity, and the minimum character size was 9 pt for the less important information.

A Study on Health Information and Medical Consulting via Internet Focusing on the Age Group of 20s

High Internet usage and the public's keen interest on health have influenced the health care system, and a potential value of the online health information and medical consultation market is immense. This study reveals results from data collected from Seoul residents in the age group of 20s in 2011. Out of 499 respondents, 75.2% answered that they used online health information; however, only 7.2% answered that they have used online medical consultation services. Findings on the purposes of using online medical consultation included treatments of symptoms(33.6%) and self-disciplines of one's health(19.5%). Mostly used Websites for health information search included search engines and blogs, but respondents preferred to use government sites and hospital sites in the future. When choosing a medical consultation, respondents preferred a certain website for different reasons including creditability of the consultant(23.7%), creditability of the organization(23.7%), rapid responses(21.2%), and more. Overall, although health information search via web is being highly utilized among people in their 20s, utilization of online medical consulting is not. Thus, promotion efforts to increase awareness and utilization of online medical consulting based on the site selection criteria, type of personal information disclosure, and other preferences are essential. Also, creating websites meeting these criteria is important.

T-Commerce Shopping Attitudes Among Female College Students - Focused on Fashion Products -

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among technology innovation (perceived ease of use, perceived ease, joyfulness), individual variables (innovation, self-efficacy), fashion variables (fashion involvement, interest in celebrity style), shopping attitudes toward fashion T-Commerce, and purchasing intention. Two hundred seven female participants in age group of 20s participated in this study. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, simple and multiple regression, and Cronbach's Alpha were used to test the research questions. As the result, first, all three variables (perceived ease of use, perceived ease, joyfulness) from technology innovation did affect on attitudes toward fashion T-Commerce. Second, individual innovation did affect positively on attitudes toward fashion T-Commerce. Third, interest in celebrity style affected positively on attitudes toward fashion T-Commerce. Finally, attitudes toward fashion T-Commerce affected positively on purchasing intention of fashion T-Commerce. Based on these results, T-Commerce fashion merchandising marketing strategies of fashion goods would be provided to fashion T-Commerce retailers or marketers.

Fashion Consumers' Gossip Behavior Tendency

The purpose of this study was to examine consumers' gossip behavior tendency with regard to collectivism and public self-consciousness. Three hundred fifty-five college students (male: 123, female; 227) in the 20s age group participated in this study. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, multiple regression, t-test, Pearson's Correlation, and Cronbach's Alpha were used to test the research questions. As the result, first, those who had a higher score on collectivism had higher gossip behavior tendency than those who had a lower score. Second, those who had a higher public self-consciousness had higher gossip behavior tendency than those who did not. Third, female students showed more gossip behavior tendency than male students did. Finally, all three variables (collectivism, public self-consciousness, and gender)) did affect on gossip behavior tendency among college students. Out three variables, collectivism affected on gossip behavior tendency the most. These results would provide useful information for fashion marketers to understand fashion consumers better. Based on these results, fashion marketing strategies such as WOM (word-of-mouth) marketing strategy would be provided to fashion retailers or marketers.

Quantitative analysis of tenascin in chordae tendineae of human left ventricular papillary muscle with aging

A computer image analysis was done to investigate the distribution of tenascin and collagenous matrix components (collagen types I and III) in the chordae tendineae of the anterior cusp of the left ventricular papillary muscle, using confocal laser scanning microscopy in both a 20s age group and an 80s-90s age group. Tenascin and the collagenous matrix components showed marked accumulation in the 80s-90s age group with elastic fiber concentration being increased in the same region as that in the 20s age group. The highest content of intersurface layer staining with an anti-tenascin antibody and with anti-collagen type III in the inner layer was found in the 80s-90s age group. These content levels were low in each region in the 20s age group. The distribution and content of these extracellular matrix changes are related to the changes in mechanical performance of the cardiac muscle with age.