ABSTRACT Binge drinking is a common behavior during adolescence that may lead to brain and emotional changes, increasing vulnerability to addiction. Sex, gender, and age differences influence these impacts and are essential factors in prevention strategies. This study aimed to estimate the direct and indirect effects of gender and age on binge drinking mediated by emotion and stress management. A total of 644 students aged 14–18 years from southeastern Brazil participated in this study. The instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Test de Habilidades para la Vida, and the AUDIT-C. Structural equation modeling was used and showed a good model fit. Results showed that better emotion and stress management reduced the likelihood of binge drinking by 21%, whereas age increased it by 22%. Gender indirectly influenced binge drinking through emotional management, decreasing the likelihood of binge drinking by approximately 8%.

Association of stressful life events with depressive symptoms among adolescents: A network analysis.

Cumulative exposure to economic hardship and self-rated health among Korean women: An exploration of age heterogeneity.

Climate variations and a local PCB hotspot have altered metabolomic profiles in ringed seals.

Effective connectivity between the cerebellum and fronto-temporal regions correctly classify major depressive disorder: fMRI study using a multi-site dataset.

Age Group Differences Among Adults Seeking Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) in Rehabilitation/Residential Settings in the United States.

Teaching competency is vital for quality education, enabling elementary teachers to provide effective instruction and support holistic student development. This study assessed the extent of agreement of 65 elementary teachers from Ifugao, Philippines, regarding their teaching competencies and examined variations based on demographic profiles. Using the Teaching Competency Evaluation for Elementary Teachers (TCEET), five domains were evaluated: professionalism, teaching effectiveness, instructional planning, classroom management, and adaptability. Findings reveal that teachers generally rated their competencies to a very great extent, with professionalism rated the highest. Gender differences were evident only in instructional planning, favoring male teachers. Age differences appeared in professionalism and teaching effectiveness, with younger and older teachers rating higher. Academic degree also mattered, with master’s holders excelling in teaching effectiveness and bachelor’s in adaptability. Teaching experience significantly influenced all domains. The study highlights the importance of continuous professional development, equitable training access, and reflective practices to strengthen teaching competencies.

This decision model analsysis examines age, sex, and regional differences associated with global psoriasis incidence.

BackgroundDespite sex-based differences in age-related diseases and life expectancy, limited research has explicitly examined sex differences in aging. Longitudinal study designs are particularly underutilized. The current study retrieved longitudinal data from the healthy control group of the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative to examine baseline differences and cognitive changes in males and females over time.MethodsMale (n = 125, mean age = 61.61) and female (n = 68, mean age = 59.44) participants completed neuropsychological measures annually for up to five years. Measures included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Letter Number Sequencing (LNS), Semantic Fluency (SFT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Test (BJLOT), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised Immediate and Delayed Recall (HVLT-R). Within-person changes in cognition and between-group differences longitudinal change trajectories as predicted by sex were examined in a hierarchical fashion. Effects of age and education were also examined.ResultsAt baseline, females had higher scores on the SFT, SDMT, and the HVLT-R Immediate and Delayed Recall, while males had higher scores on the BJLOT. However, rates of change in cognition over time did not significantly differ by sex. Higher baseline age predicted lower scores for all neuropsychological outcome measures, and higher education predicted higher scores for all neuropsychological outcome measures except for the MoCA.ConclusionsAlthough there were sex differences in certain domains of cognitive function, rates of cognitive change over time did not significantly differ by sex. Intraindividual variability in cognitive trajectories of aging was observed. Future research should examine factors that predict individual trajectories of aging in healthy individuals.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and analyze the factors related to non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) at School of Dentistry, Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 59 patients with 367 teeth affected by non-carious cervical lesions. Clinical characteristics and related habits were collected and analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Results: NCCLs were predominantly observed as V-shaped lesions with smooth and glossy surfaces, located at the cervical region near the gingival margin, and most commonly affecting premolars. Among affected teeth, premolars showed the greatest mean width and depth (1.76 ± 0.74 mm and 1.34 ± 0.52 mm, respectively), while molars exhibited the greatest lesion length (5.36 ± 0.82 mm). The condition was more prevalent in individuals aged ≥40 years (79.7%) and frequently associated with dentin hypersensitivity (86.4%) and gingivitis. Horizontal brushing technique was significantly more common in males and older adults (p < 0.01), and the use of hard-bristled toothbrushes was notably higher in males (p < 0.001). Bruxism was reported in 22.0% of patients, with slightly higher rates in females and younger individuals, though differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Acidic dietary habits were more common in females (p < 0.05) and those under 40, but age differences were not significant (p > 0.05). These findings support the multifactorial etiology of NCCLs and underscore the importance of early identification and individualized prevention strategies.

Aging from young to middle-aged and older adulthood modulates sweating differently across body regions, yet how biological aging from young adulthood to the 80s and beyond affects cholinergic sweating remains unclear. A total of 248 participants (143 males and 105 females) were grouped as young (≥18+20s), middle-aged (30s+40s+50s), older (60s+70s) adults, and elderly (80s+90s). Acetylcholine-induced sweat rate, activated sweat gland density, and sweat gland output were assessed via transdermal iontophoresis. Forearm sweat rate declined in the 30s+40s+50s and older in males and the 60s+70s and older in females, compared to the ≥18+20s group (all P≤0.006). Thigh sweat rate also declined with aging and was further reduced in the 60s+70s and 80s+90s compared to the 30s+40s+50s group in males (both P≤0.035). Sweat rate did not differ between the 60s+70s and 80s+90s groups in either region or sex (all P≥0.677). Sex differences in forearm sweat rate persisted across all age groups (all P≤0.012), but diminished on the thigh in the 60s+70s and 80s+90s groups (both P≥0.183). These changes were attributed to reductions in sweat gland output in males and combined reductions in sweat gland density and output in females. Collectively, forearm cholinergic sweating declines from the 30s+40s+50s to the 60s+70s relative to young adults but shows minimal further attenuation beyond the 70s in both sexes. Thigh cholinergic sweating function is more affected by biological aging in males. We also highlight the characteristics of sweating in two participants in their 90s, providing insights into sweating function at the end of the lifespan.

Previous studies have investigated the cognitive characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the Chinese version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition, but little is known about those with a full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) ≥ 85. This study aimed to compare the intellectual profiles of ASD children with FSIQ ≥ 85 and typically developing (TD) children, and to explore potential gender- and age-related differences within the ASD group. Ninety-three children with ASD (79 males, 14 females; aged 6–16 years) and 30 TD children (20 males, 10 females; aged 6–16 years) were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition, Chinese Version, which is normed for the Chinese population. Composite indices (Verbal Comprehension Index [VCI], Perceptual Reasoning Index [PRI], Working Memory Index [WMI], Processing Speed Index [PSI], and FSIQ) as well as their subtests were analyzed. Statistical analyses included independent-sample t tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and multivariate analysis of variance. The TD group scored significantly higher than the ASD group on most composite indices and subtests (P < .05), except for PRI and its subtests (Block Design, Picture Concepts, and Matrix Reasoning), where no significant group differences were found. Within the ASD group, PSI scores were significantly lower than VCI, PRI, and WMI scores (P < .05). Boys scored higher on VCI and PRI compared with PSI and WMI (P < .05), while girls had significantly higher PSI scores than boys (P < .05). Age comparisons showed no statistically significant differences (P > .05), although younger children (6–11 years) tended to have higher scores than older children (12–16 years). Even among ASD children with FSIQ ≥ 85, cognitive performance was generally lower than that of TD peers, particularly in PSI and WMI. Gender differences were evident in processing speed, with girls outperforming boys, while age differences were minimal. These findings provide a more refined understanding of cognitive strengths and weaknesses in ASD children with average or above-average intelligence and may inform the design of age- and gender-sensitive interventions.

There is currently no evidence-based method to identify the forces that may drive someone to attempt suicide. To examine whether cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) interventions that incorporate a narrative assessment are associated with a greater reduction in suicide attempts than comparable interventions without this component. Studies were identified through version 25.0.1 of the Metapsy Suicide Prevention Database, which includes randomized clinical trials published up to April 2025 retrieved through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central, including unpublished studies and references from relevant articles. Included studies were randomized clinical trials of CBT interventions reporting suicide attempts as an outcome. Studies using waiting list controls, reporting only suicidal ideation, or lacking information on the type of assessment used were excluded. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Meta-analyses were conducted using 3-level models with robust variance estimation. Relative risks (RRs) were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Analyses followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. The primary outcome was the incidence of suicide attempts. Interventions were grouped by presence or absence of a narrative assessment component. Twenty-three studies with 3262 participants met inclusion criteria. CBT interventions including a narrative assessment were associated with a significantly reduced risk of suicide attempt compared with controls (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.53-0.87; 1764 participants across 14 studies), whereas CBT interventions without this component were not associated with risk of suicide attempt (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.63-2.20; 1498 participants across 9 studies). Subgroup comparison indicated a significant difference between groups (Q1 = 7.27; P = .007; I2 = 86%). Studies without a narrative assessment had significantly younger participants, a lower event rate, and slightly higher risk of bias. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, CBT interventions including a narrative assessment were associated with a reduced risk of suicide attempt, while CBT without this component did not have an association with risk of suicide attempt. Age differences between study populations may partly explain this finding, as interventions in younger populations often show smaller and more inconsistent effect sizes. These results suggest that a narrative assessment may be a simple and effective way to capture the forces that lead to suicide attempts and to direct interventions toward their prevention. Causal conclusions require direct head-to-head trials.

Lung cancer prevalence is rising in Taiwan, with female gender and family history being key factors. This study evaluated the predictive capabilities of the PGS000070 polygenic risk score (PRS) model in Taiwanese populations, analyzing patient outcomes, pathology type, comorbidities, smoking history, and surgical procedures. A retrospective analysis using data from 54,962 participants in the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative. Among them, 1,673 participants with lung cancer were genotyped using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide TWB 2.0 SNP array. Logistic regression explored the association between PGS000070 and lung cancer risk in both genders. Subgroup analysis was conducted for females. Among 1,673 individuals with complete genotypes, no significant age differences were observed among groups (p=0.4157). Higher PGS000070 scores were significantly linked to elevated lung cancer risk. Females in the highest PRS quartile (Q4) had an odd ratio (OR) of 2.017 (95% CI=1.654-2.459, p<0.0001) compared to the lowest quartile (Q1). Males showed a similar pattern. Lobectomy was most common in Q4 (25.12%), with higher lymph-node dissection rates in Q4 (35.45%) compared to Q1 (27.51%). This study demonstrates a significant association between PGS000070 and increased lung cancer risk in both genders. Higher PRS scores were linked to a higher proportion of surgeries. Prospective large-scale studies are needed to further investigate the interplay of sex, genetic background, and comorbidities.

Insomnia in pregnancy: Possible associations with birth spacing, family functioning, and spousal age difference in a Nigerian population.

The burden of severe periodontitis in the United States: Insights from a population-based analysis.

Emotion control beliefs reflect the extent to which people believe their emotions can and should be controlled and have been linked to psychological well-being. However, research has yet to examine age-related differences in these beliefs and their daily associations with well-being. Accordingly, the present research examines age differences in daily emotion control beliefs and their within-person associations with positive and negative affect. To do so, we used 14-day daily diary data from an adult community sample (younger adults: 18-36 years old, N = 72; older adults: 66-92 years old, N = 66). The results revealed that older adults reported higher average can emotion control beliefs than younger adults, but no age differences were observed for average should emotion control beliefs. Further, multilevel models revealed that, in general, having stronger beliefs that one can control their emotions was associated with higher positive affect and lower negative affect across age, whereas having stronger beliefs that one should control their emotions was only associated with higher negative affect in younger adults. Examining daily variations, while both age groups also experienced significant increases in positive affect and decreases in negative affect on days they believed they could control their emotion more than usual, the daily association with positive affect was stronger among young adults. Further, younger, but not older, adults experienced decreases in positive affect and increases in negative affect on days in which they believed they should control their emotions more than usual, while older adults' affect did not significantly change. These findings add to theory and research on lifespan development and emotional aging by highlighting that emotion control beliefs are differentially associated with well-being, and these associations change across the adult lifespan. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus Girard, 1854) is a toadfish with two distinct reproductive male tactics: 'guarder males' and 'sneaker males'. These two tactics are anatomically, physiologically and behaviourally distinct from one another at sexual maturity, but it remained unclear whether these two male types remain fixed or plastically transition from one to another across a lifetime. To examine this question, we aged the sagittal otoliths (inner ear bones) of 371 adult plainfin midshipman via the break-and-burn method. Our study showed that guarder males were on average larger and older (mean age: 7.0 years, range: 3-17) than sneaker males (mean age: 3.4 years, range: 2-8) and females (mean age: 5.1 years, range: 2-10). There was considerable overlap in age between guarder and sneaker males; the two tactics were of similar body sizes at age 3, but after that guarder males were always bigger. We used a two-factor von Bertalanffy growth functions (VBGFs) to show that males versus females and guarder versus sneaker males had divergent growth trajectories. The VBGF estimates and distance measures from the otolith centre to the first annual otolith mark suggest that sneakers initially grew more quickly. Our results support the hypothesis that the two male reproductive tactics in plainfin midshipman likely represent distinct fixed life-history pathways that differ early in their development.

Many individuals believe that they can detect lies; however, empirical evidence indicates the opposite: Humans are poor lie detectors. This overestimation of lie detection performance has predominantly been studied in young adults. Yet older adults might exhibit such biases to an even higher extent due to their age-related changes in visual and cognitive processing. Accordingly, we tested 18- to 36-year-old (n = 221) and 55- to 91-year-old (n = 109) adults in their (a) self-reported lie detection performance, (b) actual lie detection performance, (c) confidence in their judgments, and (d) lie detection cues they normally rely on. Lie detection was assessed based on videos of a person being truthful or lying when describing a picture. This study showed that older and younger adults did not differ in their actual and self-reported lie detection performances. However, older adults seemed more realistic about their performance in comparison to others and confident with their decisions. The predicted age-related differences were also not found. Both groups overestimated their self-reported lie detection performance around chance level and showed the same tendency to rely more on nonverbal than verbal cues. For age differences, older adults (a) reported higher confidence in their lie detection judgements, (b) performed lower in self-reported lie detection, and (c) used fewer cues to detect lies. Future studies should enhance the ecological validity of the study material, providing more context information and creating higher stakes for participants. Overall, understanding lie detection performance and biases across the lifespan can inform interventions aimed at improving deception detection accuracy across different age groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models are increasingly being used in pediatric drug development and with the conduct of clinical studies in specific countries, the development of such models to describe both age and ethnicity related differences is a logical step forward. This study described the development, verification, and application of a Chinese pediatric PBPK (p-PBPK) model. Chinese pediatric physiological systems parameters and clinical data was derived from public databases and the literature, the PBPK model was assembled so that demographic and physiological outputs such as height, cardiac output, and liver size with age represented the Chinese pediatric population. The model was tested using two drugs predominately metabolized by CYP3A4 (fentanyl and midazolam), one dual CYP3A4/CYP2C9 substrate (ruxolitinib), two by other CYPs (efavirenz and theophylline), and two by renal elimination (ceftazidime and vancomycin). Overall, 79% of all pharmacokinetic parameters were predicted within 0.8 to 1.25-fold, and 100% within 0.67 to 1.5-fold of the observed data. The application of the Chinese p-PBPK model is demonstrated with two bridging scenarios, by investigating whether recommended dosing regimens for efavirenz and theophylline are suitable for Chinese pediatric subjects. Given the increased regulatory use of pediatric PBPK models in drug development, expanding these models to other ethnic groups is important. There is a need to further develop the current model across a wider range of drugs with different elimination pathways, to increase model confidence, this should involve academia, industry, model providers, and regulatory agencies.