Age-adjusted Prevalence Of Diabetes Research Articles

Prevalence of diabetes among Indigenous women in Guatemala: a retrospective chart review

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of diabetes in a clinical population of primarily Indigenous women in Guatemala.ResultsIn a retrospective chart review of a clinical program serving 13,643 primarily Indigenous women in Guatemala, crude diabetes prevalence was 8.3% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 7.8 to 8.7) and age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was 7.9% (95% CI: 7.3 to 8.5). Among those with diabetes, 37.9% (95% CI: 35.1 to 40.8) of women were undiagnosed. Diabetes prevalence rose significantly with increasing age and was significantly higher among women with obesity (risk ratio: 1.4 [95% CI: 1.1 to 1.8]) and among women least likely to be in poverty (risk ratio: 2.0 [95% CI: 1.5 to 2.6]). Diabetes prevalence was significantly lower among Indigenous women (risk ratio: 0.7 [95% CI: 0.6 to 0.9]) and among women who spoke Mayan languages rather than Spanish (risk ratio: 0.7 [95% CI: 0.6 to 0.9]). There was no significant difference in diabetes prevalence between women who lived in rural settings and women who lived in urban settings.

Diabetes Disparities in the United States: Trends by Educational Attainment from 2001 to 2020

IntroductionTracking changes in socioeconomic disparities in diabetes in the US is important to evaluate progress in health equity and guide prevention efforts. Disparities in diabetes prevalence by educational attainment from 2001 to 2020 were investigated. MethodsUsing a serial cross-sectional design, data from 33,220 adults aged 30 to 79 assessed in nine rounds of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 2001 to 2020 were analyzed in 2023-4. Diabetes was defined as self-reported prior diagnosis, elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c≥6.5%), or use of diabetes medications. Marginalized age- and covariate-adjusted prevalence differences (PD) and prevalence ratios (PR) of diabetes by educational attainment (less than high school graduation, high school graduation, some college education or associate degree, or college graduation [reference]) by calendar period (2001-04, 2005-08, 2009-12, 2013-16, 2017-20) were derived from logistic regression models. ResultsFrom 2001 to 2020, age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was consistently higher among adults without a college degree. Adults without a high school diploma exhibited the largest disparities in both 2001-04 (PD 8.0%; 95%CI 5.6-10.5 and PR 2.1; 95%CI 1.5-2.6) and 2017-20 (PD 11.0%; 95%CI 6.7-15.2 and PR 2.1; 95%CI 1.5-2.7). Between 2001-04 and 2017-20, the absolute disparity in diabetes increased only among adults with a high school diploma (PD 1.7% 95%CI -0.5-3.9 vs PD 8.8%; 4.1-13.4, respectively), while the PR did not change in any group. Education-related disparities in diabetes were attenuated after accounting for socio-demographic factors and BMI. ConclusionsFrom 2001 to 2020, national education-related disparities in diabetes prevalence have shown no signs of narrowing.

Prevalence of Diabetes by BMI: China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015–2017) and U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015–2018)

IntroductionThe risk of diabetes begins at a lower body mass index (BMI) among Asian adults. This study compares the prevalence of diabetes in the United States and China by BMI. MethodsData from the 2015-2017 China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (n=176,223) and the 2015-2018 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=4,464) were used. Diagnosed diabetes was self-reported. Undiagnosed diabetes was no report of diagnosed diabetes and fasting plasma glucose >=126 mg/dL or hemoglobin A1c>=6.5%. Predicted age-adjusted prevalence estimates by BMI were produced using sex- and country-specific logistic regression models. ResultsIn China, the age-adjusted prevalence of total diabetes was 7.8% (95% CI 7.4-8.3%), lower than the 14.6% (95% CI 13.1-16.3%) in the US. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was also lower in China than the US. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes between China and the US. The distribution of BMI in China is lower than in the US and the predicted prevalence of total diabetes is similar in China and the US when comparing adults with the same BMI. The predicted prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was higher in China than in the US for both men and women and this disparity increased with BMI. When comparing adults at the same BMI there was little difference in prevalence of total diabetes, but diagnosed diabetes was lower in China than the US and undiagnosed was higher. ConclusionWhile differences in BMI appear to explain nearly all of the differences in total diabetes prevalence in the two countries, not all factors that are associated with diabetes risk have been investigated.

National and provincial prevalence of self-reported diabetes: results from the cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey in Sri Lanka–2016

IntroductionDiabetes is a major global public health burden. The objective of this study was to estimate the national and provincial-level prevalence of self-reported diabetes and establish the demographic risk factors...

Diabetes mellitus: Is Pakistan the epicenter of the next pandemic?

Estimated age-adjusted comparative diabetes prevalence in adults (20-79 years) in Pakistan from the year 2011 to 2021.

National Prevalence of Diabetes and Barriers to Care Among U.S. Farmworkers and Association With Migrant Worker Status.

To quantify the prevalence of diabetes and barriers to care among U.S. migrant farmworkers (i.e., those who travel from their permanent residence for seasonal farmwork). Age-adjusted prevalence of self-reported diabetes and barriers to care were calculated among adult U.S. farmworkers from 2008 to 2017 National Agricultural Workers Surveys. Among 16,913 farmworkers, 30.7% reported one or more barriers to care, most often due to cost. Age-adjusted self-reported prevalence of diabetes was 13.51% (95% CI 10.0-17.1) among migrant farmworkers and 10.8% (95% CI 9.0-12.6) among nonmigrant farmworkers with access to health care. Migrant farmworkers without recent health care had 83% lower odds of reporting known diabetes (adjusted odds ratio 0.17; 95% CI 0.06-0.54) compared with nonmigrant farmworkers, likely because of poor health care access and/or a healthy worker effect. Many migrant farmworkers face barriers to care, which may lead to significant underdiagnosis of diabetes in this vulnerable population.

1235-P: High Burden of Undetected Hypertension among People with Type 2 Diabetes in India

Purpose: Despite the huge burden of diabetes and hypertension, limited information is available on the burden of undetected hypertension and associated factors among diabetics in India. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and selected 12284 adults aged ≥ 30 years, using a multistage cluster random sampling technique, from rural and urban areas of North and South India. Trained interviewers administered a questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographics, lifestyle characteristics and phlebotomists collected venous blood samples. Blood pressure was measured using standard protocols. Diabetes was defined as FPG ≥ 126 mg/dl or HbA1C ≥ 6.5% or self-reported physician diagnosis or treatment and the known-diabetes was defined as self-reported physician diagnosis or treatment. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or self-reported physician diagnosis or treatment and undetected hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg without self-reported physician diagnosis or treatment. Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes was 17.5% (16.9-18.2), known diabetes was 10.2% (9.7-10.7) and hypertension among those with diabetes was 47.3% (45.0-49.6). The age-adjusted prevalence of undetected hypertension among those with known-diabetes was 27.0% (22.0-31.9). The prevalence of undetected hypertension among known-diabetics was higher in urban area [29.4% (23.2-35.6)] than the rural area [21.5% (13.2-29.7)]. In the multinomial logistic regression, undetected hypertension among those with known-diabetes was positively associated with older age [adjusted Relative Risk Ratio (aRRR): 3.4 (1.7-6.9)], dyslipidemia [aRRR: 2.2 (1.2-4.1)] and chronic kidney disease [aRRR: 3.3 (1.2-9.2)]. Conclusions: There is a need to implement health system interventions to increase the detection of hypertension among diabetics. Disclosure S.Mohan: None. P.Jarhyan: None. D.Prabhakaran: None.

Prevalence trends and disease burden of diabetes and prediabetes in Chinese adults of Shanghai.

To estimate secular trends and disease burden of diabetes and prediabetes among Chinese adults. Three population-based surveys were performed among Chinese adults in Shanghai in 2002-2003 (n = 12 302), 2009 (n = 7414), and 2017 (n = 18 960). Diabetes and prediabetes were defined using the 1999 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to examine the trends in prevalence, awareness, and glycemic control status. Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were estimated to evaluate the disease burden of diabetes-related complications using the population attribution fraction approach based on published data. The age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes increased during the 15-year period (p for trend <.001) and reached 23.0% (95% CI: 22.1 ~ 24.0%) in men and 15.7% (95% CI: 15.1 ~ 16.4%) among women in 2017. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance peaked in 2009, whereas that of impaired fasting glucose increased continuously (p for trend <.001). The awareness of diabetes was found to increase and the glycemic control rates decreased over the three surveys. The estimated DALYs of diabetes complications were found to have increased rapidly due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the decreasing glycemic control rates. Prediabetes and diabetes affect a considerable proportion of Chinese adults in Shanghai. Our results highlight the necessary to strengthen the community healthcare system in China to guarantee extensive management of diabetes and prediabetes.

Diabetes care cascade and associated factors in 10 700 middle-aged adults in four sub-Saharan African countries: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesWe investigated progression through the care cascade and associated factors for people with diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa to identify attrition stages that may be most appropriate for targeted intervention.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCommunity-based...

Estimates and Forecasts on the Burden of Prediabetes and Diabetes in Adult and Elderly Population in Turkiye.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that limits the quality and duration of life. We aimed to estimate the impact of demographic change on the burden of prediabetes and diabetes between 2010 and 2021, and the projections to 2030 and 2045 in Turkiye. Prediabetes and diabetes estimates were calculated by direct standardization method using age- and sex-specific prevalence data from the previous 'Turkish Epidemiology Survey of Diabetes, Hypertension, Obesity and Endocrine Disease' (TURDEP-II) as reference. The 2010-2021 population demographics were obtained from TurkStat. Comparative age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was estimated using the standard population models of world and Europe. Estimates depicted that the population (20-84years) of any degree of glucose intolerance in Turkiye increased by over 5.7 million (diabetes: 2.4 million and prediabetes: 3.3 million) from 2010 to 2021. While the increase in prediabetes and diabetes prevalence was 24.3% and 35.2% in overall population, corresponding increase were 46.5% and 51.3% in the elderly. Estimated prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in 2021 was significantly higher in women than in men (prediabetes: 32.6% vs. 25.2%; diabetes: 17.1% vs. 14.2%). The comparative age-adjusted diabetes prevalence to the European population model was higher than that of the world population model (19.4% vs. 15.0%). According to the projections the prevalence of diabetes will reach 17.5% in 2030 and 19.2% in 2045. Assuming age- and sex-specific diabetes prevalence of TURDEP-II survey remained constant, this study revealed that the number of people with diabetes in the general population (particularly in the elderly) in the last 11years in Turkiye has increased in parallel with the population growth and aging; it will continue to grow over the coming decades. This means the burden of diabetes on the social, economic and health services will remain to increase. The fact suggests that there is an urgent need for re-organization of care as well as to develop and implement a country-specific prevention program to reduce this burden.

Socio-economic inequality in prevalence of type 2 diabetes among adults in north-west of Iran: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition.

The aim of this study was to estimate the socio-economic inequality in prevalence of type 2 diabetes among adults in north-west of Iran. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ardabil with data from the PERSIAN Cohort Study. Diabetes has been measured by combining self-reported and clinical records. Based on the socio-economic status score, households divided into five quintiles. A multiple logistic regression model was used to examine the association between having diabetes and independent variables and the Blinder-Oaxaca (BO) method was used to decompose the socioeconomic inequality, respectively. The Overall age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes among 20,419 Ardabil's adults was 14.3% (95% CI: 13.6 to 14.9). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes for the poorest and richest groups was 16.07% and 7.60%, the gap between the poorest and richest groups was 8.47%. The prevalence type 2 diabetes was significantly increasing with increasing in age (OR = 4.05, 95% CI = 3.27-5.02), BMI (OR: 3.10, 95%CI = 1.25-7.68), blood pressure (OR: 2.61, 95% CI = 2.37-2.88), and decreases with higher education level (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63-0.97). The richest-economic group has lower prevalence of diabetes (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.60-0.88). The decomposition showed that most important factors affecting the difference between poorest and richest group in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes were age (86.1%), years of schooling (46.9%) and having chronic diseases such as hypertension (26.9%). The present study showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was significantly higher among the elderly, women, uneducated, obese, and poor populations. Policies that address people poverty such as increasing job opportunities, increasing the minimum income etc. could reduce diabetes risk for poor people.

Diabetes Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Care in Asian American and Pacific Islanders of Texas: Data From the 2015-2019 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the health status and needs of the Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) population with diabetes in Texas. This was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data collected from the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System in Texas from 2015 to 2019 for non-Hispanic White (NHW) and AAPI adults. Although the overall crude diabetes prevalence was lower in AAPI adults, age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was higher than in NHWs. Significant risk factors associated with diabetes in the AAPI group included being male, marital status, lower education levels, lower income, being overweight/obese, and having a sedentary lifestyle. Engagement in self-management activities (checking blood glucose, checking feet, attending a diabetes management course) was lower in AAPIs than in NHWs. Given stiff barriers to adequate screening and self-management support in diabetes care among ethnic populations such as AAPIs, targeted efforts to improve diabetes screening and effective care are warranted. Because today's AAPI populations are predominantly first-generation immigrant groups who suffer from language barriers, efforts should be made to develop health surveys in multiple languages for wider inclusion of understudied groups like AAPIs in diabetes-related research.

Latent growth trajectories of county-level diabetes prevalence in the United States, 2004–2017, and associations with overall environmental quality

Background:The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased in the United States, and recent studies suggest that environmental factors contribute to T2D risk. We sought to understand if environmental factors were associated with the rate and magnitude of increase in diabetes prevalence at the county level.Methods:We obtained age-adjusted diabetes prevalence estimates from the CDC for 3,137 US counties from 2004 to 2017. We applied latent growth mixture models to these data to identify classes of counties with similar trends in diabetes prevalence over time, stratified by Rural Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC). We then compared mean values of the US EPA Environmental Quality Index (EQI) 2006–2010, overall and for each of the five domain indices (air, water, land, sociodemographic, and built), with RUCC-specific latent class to examine associations of environmental factors and class of diabetes prevalence trajectory.Results:Overall diabetes prevalence trends between 2004 and 2017 were similar across all RUCC strata. We identified two classes among metropolitan urbanized (RUCC 1) counties; four classes among non-metro urbanized (RUCC 2) counties; and three classes among less urbanized (RUCC 3) and thinly populated (RUCC 4) counties. Associations with overall EQI values and class of diabetes prevalence trends differed by RUCC strata, with the clearest association between poor air EQI and steeper increases in diabetes prevalence among rural counties (RUCC 3 and 4).Conclusions:Similarities in county-level diabetes prevalence trends between 2004 and 2017 were identified for each RUCC strata, although associations with environmental factors varied by rurality.

Trends in the prevalence and associated factors of prediabetes and diabetes in Bangladesh: Evidence from population-based cross-sectional surveys

AimsDiabetes is a major health problem in Bangladesh, but nationally representative studies on its trends and associated factors are scarce to guide policy formulation. Therefore, the study aims to determine trends in the prevalence and associated factors of prediabetes and diabetes in Bangladesh. MethodsThe study included two population-based cross-sectional surveys from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (n = 7,505 in 2011 and n = 11,959 in 2017–18). Chi-square association tests were performed to determine the associated factors. Logistic regression models (univariate and multivariable) were used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted relative risks of having diabetes, reported with odds ratios. Age-adjusted prevalence was also reported for both surveys. ResultsThe overall age-adjusted prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes decreased from 52.77% (95% CI: 52.61–52.92) and 10.43% (95% CI: 10.33–10.53) in 2011 to 34.10% (95% CI: 33.43–34.78) and 8.50% (95% CI: 8.11–8.90) in 2017–18. Compared to males, females had a higher odds of diabetes in 2011, but in 2017–18 a significant inverse result was observed. In both surveys, the odds of prediabetes and diabetes increased with advancing age, obesity, better wealth status, and hypertension. ConclusionThe study shows that the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes is high in Bangladesh despite decreasing trends. Therefore, the study recommends promoting healthy lifestyles and regular screening for non-communicable diseases.

Cardiovascular risk profile of Middle Eastern immigrants living in the United States-the National Health Interview Survey

BackgroundMiddle Eastern (ME) immigrants are one of the fastest-growing groups in the US. Although ME countries have a high burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the cardiovascular health status among ME immigrants in the US has not been studied in detail. This study aims to characterize the cardiovascular health status (CVD risk factors and ASCVD burden) among ME immigrants in the US. MethodsWe used 2012–2018 data from the National Health Interview Survey, a US nationally representative survey. ME origin, CVD risk factors, and ASCVD status were self-reported. We compared these to US-born non-Hispanic white (NHW) individuals in the US. ResultsAmong 139,778 adults included, 886 (representing 1.3 million individuals, mean age 46.8) were of ME origin, and 138,892 were US-born NHWs (representing 150 million US adults, mean age 49.3). ME participants were more likely to have higher education, lower income and be uninsured. The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension (22.4% vs 27.4%) and obesity (21.4% vs 31.4%) were significantly lower in ME vs NHW participants, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups in the age-adjusted prevalence of ASCVD, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. Only insufficient physical activity was higher among ME individuals. ME immigrants living in the US for 10 years or more reported higher age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and ASCVD. ConclusionsME immigrants in the US have lower odds of hypertension and obesity, and of having a suboptimal CRF profile compared to US-born NHWs. Further studies are needed to determine whether these findings are related to lower risk, selection of a healthier ME subgroup in NHIS, or possible under-detection of cardiovascular risk factors in ME immigrants living in the US.

Abstract 13366: Cardiovascular Risk Profile of Middle Eastern Immigrants Living in the United States

Introduction: Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants are one of the fastest-growing groups in the US. Several studies have noted a relatively high burden of CVD in ME countries. In the US, while their risk profile has been partially described as part of immigrant studies, the burden of risk factors and ASCVD have not been studied in detail among ME immigrants. Methods: We used 2012-2018 data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a US nationally representative survey. ME origin was ascertained through self-reported region of birth. ASCVD and CVD risk factors were also self-reported. We compared these to US-born non-Hispanic white (NHW) individuals in the US, using chi-square tests and logistic regression models. Results: Among 139,778 adults included, 886 (representing 1.3 million individuals, mean age 46.8) were of ME origin, and 138,892 were US-born NHWs (representing 150 million US adults, mean age 49.3). ME participants were more likely to have higher education, lower income and be uninsured. The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension (22.7% vs 27.8%) and obesity (22.1% vs 32%) were significantly lower in MEs vs NHWs participants, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups in the age-adjusted prevalence of ASCVD, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. Only physical inactivity was higher among ME individuals (Fig) . In multivariable analyses, ME participants had lower odds of hypertension (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.61, 0.83) and obesity (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.52, 0.72), and higher odds of physical inactivity (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11, 1.53), with no significant differences in the other factors or ASCVD (Fig) . Conclusions: ME immigrants in the US exhibit a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile compared to NHWs. Further studies are needed to determine whether this finding is related to lower risk, selection of a healthier ME subgroup in NHIS, or possible under-detection of cardiovascular risk factors in ME immigrants living in the US.

Environmental factors associated with changes in county-level diabetes prevalence in the United States, 2004-2017

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The prevalence of diabetes among adults in the United States (US) has increased steadily in recent years. Although individual risk factors and diagnostic and treatment changes are important, evidence suggests that contextual risk factors have contributed to these increases. We hypothesize that poor environmental quality might also explain increases in diabetes prevalence in the US. METHODS: We obtained age-adjusted estimates of diabetes prevalence among adults from the CDC for all US counties for 2004-2017 and examined changes in these estimates over time within four county strata using the US Department of Agriculture’s Rural Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) classifications: RUCC1 (metropolitan urbanized), RUCC2 (non-metro urbanized), RUCC3 (less urbanized), and RUCC4 (thinly populated). We obtained estimates of the county-level environmental quality index (EQI) from the US EPA representing 2006-2010, reflecting five domains: air, water, land, sociodemographics, and built environment. Analysis of changes in diabetes prevalence using growth mixture modeling is in progress; we will compare latent classes of county-level diabetes prevalence trajectories with EQI measures. RESULTS:A total of 3,137 counties were included in this analysis (RUCC1 n = 1166, RUCC2 n = 306, RUCC3 n = 1026, RUCC4 n = 639). Mean (SD) percentage change in age-adjusted diabetes prevalence between 2004-2017 was: 6.8 (23)% (RUCC1), 10.8 (25)% (RUCC2), 12.6 (32)% (RUCC3), and 5.4 (34)% (RUCC4); each RUCC strata included counties where diabetes prevalence decreased. Except for RUCC4 (thinly populated) counties, mean EQI values were higher among counties that had a net decrease in diabetes prevalence compared to those with an increase between 2004-2017. CONCLUSIONS:There was substantial heterogeneity in the percent change in age adjusted diabetes prevalence across all RUCC strata between 2004-2017. Environmental quality may be related to this increase. KEYWORDS: environmental epidemiology; obesity and metabolic disorders

Geographic disparities and temporal changes of diabetes prevalence and diabetes self-management education program participation in Florida.

BackgroundAlthough Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) programs are recommended to help reduce the burden of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, Florida is one of the states with the lowest DSME participation rates. Moreover, there is evidence of geographic disparities of not only DSME participation rates but the burden of diabetes as well. Understanding these disparities is critical for guiding control programs geared at improving participation rates and diabetes outcomes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (a) investigate geographic disparities of diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates; and (b) identify predictors of the observed disparities in DSME participation rates.MethodsBehavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data for 2007 and 2010 were obtained from the Florida Department of Health. Age-adjusted diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates were computed at the county level and their geographic distributions visualized using choropleth maps. Significant changes in diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates between 2007 and 2010 were assessed and counties showing significant changes were mapped. Clusters of high diabetes prevalence before and after adjusting for common risk factors and DSME participation rates were identified, using Tango’s flexible spatial scan statistics, and their geographic distribution displayed in maps. Determinants of the geographic distribution of DSME participation rates and predictors of the identified high rate clusters were identified using ordinary least squares and logistic regression models, respectively.ResultsCounty level age-adjusted diabetes prevalence varied from 4.7% to 17.8% while DSME participation rates varied from 26.6% to 81.2%. There were significant (p≤0.05) increases in both overall age-adjusted diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates from 2007 to 2010 with diabetes prevalence increasing from 7.7% in 2007 to 8.6% in 2010 while DSME participation rates increased from 51.4% in 2007 to 55.1% in 2010. Generally, DSME participation rates decreased in rural areas while they increased in urban areas. High prevalence clusters of diabetes (both adjusted and unadjusted) were identified in northern and central Florida, while clusters of high DSME participation rates were identified in central Florida. Rural counties and those with high proportion of Hispanics tended to have low DSME participation rates.ConclusionsThe findings confirm that geographic disparities in both diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates exist. Specific attention is required to address these disparities especially in areas that have high diabetes prevalence but low DSME participation rates. Study findings are useful for guiding resource allocation geared at reducing disparities and improving diabetes outcomes.

Burden of cardiovascular risk factors and disease in five Asian groups in Catalonia: a disaggregated, population-based analysis of 121000 first-generation Asian immigrants.

To evaluate the burden of cardiovascular risk factors and disease (CVD) among five Asian groups living in Catalonia (Spain): Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Filipino, and Chinese. Retrospective cohort study using the Catalan Health Surveillance System database including 42488 Pakistanis, 40745 Chinese, 21705 Indians, 9544 Filipinos, and 6907 Bangladeshis; and 5.3 million native individuals ('locals'). We estimated the age-adjusted prevalence (as of 31 December 2019) and incidence (during 2019) of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, tobacco use, coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure (HF). Bangladeshis had the highest prevalence of diabetes (17.4% men, 22.6% women) followed by Pakistanis. Bangladeshis also had the highest prevalence of hyperlipidaemia (23.6% men, 18.3% women), hypertension among women (24%), and incident tobacco use among men. Pakistani women had the highest prevalence of obesity (28%). For CHD, Bangladeshi men had the highest prevalence (7.3%), followed by Pakistanis (6.3%); and Pakistanis had the highest prevalence among women (3.2%). For HF, the prevalence in Pakistani and Bangladeshi women was more than twice that of locals. Indians had the lowest prevalence of diabetes across South Asians, and of CHD across South Asian men, while the prevalence of CHD among Indian women was twice that of local women (2.6% vs. 1.3%). Filipinos had the highest prevalence of hypertension among men (21.8%). Chinese men and women had the lowest prevalence of risk factors and CVD. In Catalonia, preventive interventions adapted to the risk profile of different Asian immigrant groups are needed, particularly for Bangladeshis and Pakistanis.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Diabetes among Bangladeshi Adults: An Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18

BackgroundThe burden of diabetes is increasing in most developing countries, including Bangladesh. However, there is no recent research into the prevalence and factors associated with this condition in this country. This study intended to fill this gap. MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18 data. After crude and age-adjusted prevalence estimation, multilevel logistic regression analyses were employed. ResultsAmong 12,298 participants (mean age: 40 years, 57% females), the crude and age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes was 9.9% and 9.7%, respectively. The crude prevalence was 9.5% among females and 10.5% among males. The age-adjusted prevalence was 9.8% among females and 9.5% among males. The adjusted odds (adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) of diabetes was higher among 30–39 (2.1, 1.7–2.6), 40–49 (3.3, 2.7–4.1), 50–59 (4.9, 3.9–6.2), 60–69 (5.1, 4.0–6.5), and ≥70-year-olds (5.0, 3.7–6.6) than 18–29-year-olds; 25–29.9 (1.6, 1.4–1.9) and 30 (1.9, 1.5–2.5) kg/m2 body mass index (BMI) than those with BMI <25 kg/m2; primary or above (1.2, 1.0–1.5) education level than those without formal education; middle (1.3, 1.0–1.7), richer (1.7, 1.3,2.2), or richest (2.6, 2.0–3.3) wealth quintiles than those with poorest wealth quintile. Division of residence was also significantly associated. ConclusionThis study found that people with older age, overweight/obesity, higher socioeconomic status, and residence in some administrative divisions had higher prevalence and odds of diabetes. To reduce the prevalence of diabetes in Bangladesh, future efforts should aim to address these factors with adequate prevention and control programs.