Agaricus Bisporus Extract Research Articles

Efficiency evaluation of ordinary and nanoscale extracts of Agaricus bisporus. on inhibition mycelial growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus in maize grain

This study aimed to protect maize crops from infection and production of Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) aflatoxin B1(AFB1), using the ordinary and nanoscale extracts of Agaricus spp. HPLC technology showed that the isolate taken from Musayyib district which coded with (AFA5) was a highest toxin producer. AFB1 at a concentration of 77.02 ppb. PCR product showed that the amplification of the ITS4- region was successful ITS1 according to the primers used, where a single bundle with a size of 744 bp (base pair) appeared. The isolated and diagnostic results of maize samples collected from separate sites showed the presence of A. flavus and different genera of fungi, namely Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and Rhizopus spp., issued by the genus Aspergillus spp. with frequency rates of 18.33, 38.87, 20.19, 15.92, and 6.69 % respectively. On Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), inhibitory effect results of Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus) extract in inhibiting A. flavus growth, with inhibition percentages for the ordinary extract of 43.95, 34.59, and 10.90%, respectively, and for the nano extract 18.74, 43.71, and 76.56 % at 250,500 and 100 ppm respectively. AFB1 production was reduced by adding A. bisporus extracts (ordinary and nano) to Yeast Extract Sucrose Broth (YES) medium by 66% and 72.14%, respectively. Overall, our study presented a new insight for future scientific researches possibility of biocompands production using nanotechnology from natural resources that have the ability to safely environmentally control on mycotoxins production that present in agricultural production especially maize grains and encourage to widespread commercially use.

Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using Agaricus bisporus Extract as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction.

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were synthesized using a rapid, eco-friendly, cost-effective, efficient, and biological method employing aqueous Agaricus bisporus extract as a capping and reducing agent. The formation of CuONPs was checked by UV-vis spectroscopy and was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and surface area and porosimetry analyzer. The characterization results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles had a spherical-like appearance and a crystal structure with 40-100 nm particle size. The green synthesized CuONPs were found to be an excellent and sustainable heterogeneous catalyst (TOF up to 29700 h-1 ) for the Suzuki C-C coupling of aryl halides with phenylboronic acid in a very short reaction time (10 minutes). Moreover, the easily recovered catalyst can be reused five times with just a negligible reduction in catalytic behavior.

Multifunctional Biological Properties and Topical Film Forming Spray Base on Auricularia polytricha as a Natural Polysaccharide Containing Brown Agaricus bisporus Extract for Skin Hydration

Mushrooms are edible fungi containing valuable nutrients. They provide attractive bio-active properties, which have confirmed anti-oxidants, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory properties. Mushrooms possess abundant natural polymers affecting skin hydration and acting as moisturizers supporting skin barrier function. In this study, cloud ear mushroom (Auricularia polytricha) water extract (CW) was produced as a natural polymer to evaluate a new film-forming spray (FFS) containing CW to increase skin hydration and protect transepidermal water loss. CW contained polysaccharides as 748.2 ± 0.02 mg glucose/g extract. CW significantly inhibited the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α and enhanced skin hydration by increasing aquaporin-3 (AQP3) and filaggrin (FLG) in HaCaT cells. The FFS was formulated using CW, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, and glycerin. The selected formulation contained brown Agaricus bisporus (BE-FFS) evaluated physical appearance, spray angle, spray pattern, and in vitro skin permeation. The BE-FFS has a transparent thin film with suitable occlusive properties, drying time, and physical appearance. Afterward, in vitro skin permeation and human hydration property studies presented the long-lasting effects and provided safety and hydration potential after 4 weeks of use. Overall, all results indicate that the BE-FFS is a natural film-forming spray for skin hydration improvement.

Agaricus bisporus Extract Exerts an Anti-Obesity Effect in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6N Mice by Inhibiting Pancreatic Lipase-Mediated Fat Absorption.

Agaricus bisporus is well known as a source of polysaccharides that could improve human health. The objective of this study was to explore the anti-obesity effect of A. bisporus extract (ABE), abundant in polysaccharides, and its underlying mechanism. Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity in vitro was determined after treatment with ABE and chitosan. Treatment with ABE and chitosan significantly decreased pancreatic lipase activity. Five-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups for acute feeding with vehicle, ABE at 80 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day, and ABE at 160 mg/kg BW/day. ABE dose-dependently increased plasma lipid clearance in an oral lipid tolerance test. Five-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were fed a control diet (CD), a high-fat diet (HFD), an HFD with ABE at 80 mg/kg BW/day, ABE at 160 mg/kg BW/day, or chitosan at 160 mg/kg BW/day for eight weeks. HFD-fed mice showed significant increases in body weight, fat mass, white adipose tissue, average lipid droplet size, and serum levels of glucose, triglyceride, ALT, and AST compared to those in the CD group. However, ABE or chitosan administration ameliorated these increases. ABE or chitosan significantly reduced dietary efficiency and increased fecal excretion levels of lipids, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. These in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that ABE might act as an anti-obesity agent by inhibiting pancreatic lipase-mediated lipid absorption, at least in part.

Agaricus bisporus Wild Mushroom Extract as Lectin Source for Engineering a Lactose Photoelectrochemical Biosensor

Agaricus bisporus mushroom biomass contains a lectin, ABL, with remarkable specificity for lactose biorecognition; in this work, this feature was explored to develop a photoelectrochemical biosensor. The high lectin activity found in saline extracts of this macrofungus (640 HU mL-1), even at critical pH values (4-10) and temperatures (20-100 °C), allowed its direct use as an ABL source. Theoretical and experimental evidence revealed favorable electrostatic and biocompatible conditions to immobilize ABL on a poly(methylene blue)/fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass platform, giving rise to the ABL/PMB/FTO biosensor. The conducting polymer added further photoactivity to the device, allowing the identification of lectin-carbohydrate interactions with even greater sensitivity. The dose-response curves studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed a sigmoidal profile that was well-fitted by Hill's equation, expanding the working dynamic range (15-540 nmol L-1 lactose; 20.2 pmol L-1 detection limit) and avoiding undesirable sample dilution or preconcentration procedures. Under the optimized photoelectrochemical conditions, the ABL/PMB/FTO biosensor showed remarkable signal stability, accuracy, specificity, and selectivity to analyze lactose in commercial food products. This research raises interest in ABL-based biosensors and the added value of the crude Agaricus bisporus extract toward the development of greener and more sustainable biotechnological approaches.

Potential and Alternative Bioactive Compounds from Brown Agaricus bisporus Mushroom Extracts for Xerosis Treatment

This study aimed to investigate the ability of brown Agaricus bisporus extracts to enhance xerosis treatment via their biological activities, including their antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-inflammation. Brown A. bisporus ethanol extract (EE) and brown A. bisporus water extract (WE) contained ergothioneine and gallic acid as their major compounds, as detected by HPLC, respectively. The WE exhibited the highest total polysaccharide content (734.04 ± 0.03 mg glucose/g extract) and total phenolic content (190.90 ± 0.07 mg gallic acid/g extract). The WE exhibited an inhibitory effect of 83.34 ± 18.66% on a collagenase enzyme, whereas the EE inhibited the elastase enzymes by 81.26 ± 4.37%. In addition, the EE also demonstrated strong activities against DPPH, with an IC50 0.30 ± 0.04 mg/mL, ABTS with a TEAC value of 8.06 ± 0.08 µM Trolox/g extract, and a FRAP assay with a FRAP value of 390.50 ± 0.32 mM FeSO4/g. In addition, all extracts were non-cytotoxic and could decrease the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in HaCaT cells. Therefore, brown A. bisporus extracts might be a potential natural raw material that can be further used in cosmeceutical products for xerosis treatment due to their good efficacy.

Agaricus bisporus extract as an excellent biotemplate agent for the synthesis of nano-plate Dy2Ti2O7/g-C3N4 and its application in electrochemical hydrogen storage

The widespread use of hydrogen as an automotive fuel has encouraged us to design nano-plate Dy2Ti2O7/g-C3N4 (DTO/CN) composites through the green pechini sol-gel procedure using Agaricus bisporus extract as electrode material for electrochemical hydrogen storage applications. Agaricus bisporus extract, due to its active ingredients, acts as an excellent biotemplate agent for the nucleation process and prevents the agglomeration of particles by controlling their shape and size. Composition analysis of prepared nanostructures was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Also, the porosity and morphology of the DTO samples were investigated by electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET analysis. Discharge efficiencies of various DTO nanostructures with dissimilar chemical compositions and sizes were investigated by a chronopotentiometry system. The synthesized pristine Dy2Ti2O7 nanoplates and Dy2Ti2O7/g-C3N4 nanocomposites are promising candidates for electrode materials of energy storage with the efficiency of 790 and 900 mAhg−1 after 15 cycles. The synergetic effects of Dy2Ti2O7 and graphite carbon nitride have increased the hydrogen storage capacity of Dy2Ti2O7/g-C3N4 nanocomposites.

Optimization of Antioxidant Activities and Intracellular Polysaccharide Contents Using Agaricus bisporus Extract as Elicitor in Submerged Fermenting Ganoderma lucidum

Background and Objective: Ganoderma lucidum is one of the medicinal fungi frequently used as supplement. The intracellular polysaccharides of this fungus include high molecular weights and help strengthen the immune system. Furthermore, these polysaccharides act as antioxidants by inhibiting free radicals and enhancing activity of the enzymes. Addition of various elicitors to the fungi submerged culture media affects the cell growth and metabolite production. Fungal extracts are one of these elicitors. Material and Methods: In this study, Ganoderma lucidum was first cultured in various culture media to investigate the base media. Using three various methods (soaking the fruit body in water, disintegrating the fruit body with a blender and boiling the fruit body), Agaricus bisporus fruit body extract was prepared as elicitor and the extract with the highest sugar content was used. For the optimization of growth and antioxidant activity of the intracellular polysaccharides, effects of six independent factors were investigated using Placket-Burman method, including Agaricus bisporus extract, peptone, maltose, pH, vitamin B1 and CaCl2. Response surface method was used to optimize three factors of vitamin B1, Agaricus bisporus extract and maltose. Then, stirred tank bioreactor was used to culture Ganoderma lucidum. Results and Conclusion: The YPG culture medium was selected as the base medium based on mycelial growth and antioxidant activity of the intracellular polysaccharides (IC50). Sugar content of the Agaricus bisporus extract was 30.66 µg.ml-1. Placket-Burman method revealed that the extracts of Agaricus bisporus, maltose and vitamin B1 significantly increased antioxidant activity of the intracellular polysaccharides. After optimizing these factors using RSM, the IC50 was reported as 1.047 mg.ml-1. Ganoderma lucidum cultivation in bioreactor significantly increased the cell growth (5.29 g.l-1). Intracellular polysaccharides included an IC50 of 1.14 mg.ml-1, which was significantly higher than that the intracellular polysaccharides included in YPG culture media. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Agaricus bisporus Crude Extract: Characterization and Analytical Application.

In the present work crude Agaricus bisporus extract (ABE) has been prepared and characterized by its tyrosinase activity, protein composition and substrate specificity. The presence of mushroom tyrosinase (PPO3) in ABE has been confirmed using two-dimensional electrophoresis, followed by MALDI TOF/TOF MS-based analysis. GH27 alpha-glucosidases, GH47 alpha-mannosidases, GH20 hexosaminidases, and alkaline phosphatases have been also detected in ABE. ABE substrate specificity has been studied using 19 phenolic compounds: polyphenols (catechol, gallic, caffeic, chlorogenic, and ferulic acids, quercetin, rutin, dihydroquercetin, l-dihydroxyphenylalanine, resorcinol, propyl gallate) and monophenols (l-tyrosine, phenol, p-nitrophenol, o-nitrophenol, guaiacol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol). The comparison of ABE substrate specificity and affinity to the corresponding parameters of purified A. bisporus tyrosinase has revealed no major differences. The conditions for spectrophotometric determination have been chosen and the analytical procedures for determination of 1.4 × 10−4–1.0 × 10−3 M l-tyrosine, 3.1 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−4 M phenol, 5.4 × 10−5–1.0 × 10−3 M catechol, 8.5 × 10−5–1.0 × 10−3 M caffeic acid, 1.5 × 10−4–7.5 × 10−4 M chlorogenic acid, 6.8 × 10−5–1.0 × 10−3 M l-DOPA have been proposed. The procedures have been applied for the determination of l-tyrosine in food supplements, l-DOPA in synthetic serum, and phenol in waste water from the food manufacturing plant. Thus, we have demonstrated the possibility of using ABE as a substitute for tyrosinase in such analytical applications, as food supplements, medical and environmental analysis.

Pharmacological impact of Agaricus bisporus extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a frequent cause of liver injury worldwide. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible hepato-protective potential Agaricus bisporus extract (ABE; a type of mushrooms) in albino rats using Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-model of liver injury. Forty-two albino rats were utilized in this experiment arranged randomly in seven groups, six rats each, of different treatments. He-patic injury model was induced by administration of CCl4 (25% in corn oil) at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg, interperitoneally, twice weekly for 8 weeks (+ve control); test group rats received ABE at escalating doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg, orally, daily for 8 weeks with exposure to CCl4; standard group rats received Silymarin at dose of 100 mg/kg, orally, daily for 8 weeks along with CCl4; further 2 groups of rats received only ABE at the same dose levels; while rats of -ve control group received only the vehicles of the used drugs. Blood and liver tissue sam-ples were picked out at the end of the experimental course for different assays. Biochemical analysis revealed that ABE exhibited dose-dependent hepatoprotection indicated by almost normalized biomarkers, including, enzymatic liver function parameters, namely, AST, ALT, GGT & ALP with potential % of 93.1, 58.2, 65.2, 68.9, respectively, after ABE large dose when standardized by Silymarin; non-enzymatic parameters, namely, total protein, albumin, globulins, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, TAGs, Cholesterol, HDL, LDL & VLDL with potential % of 59.3, 54.5, 57.3, 81.8, 81.0, 80.0, 75.5, 90.4, 80.8, 84.5 & 78.7, respectively, after ABE large dose when standardized by Silymarin. The mechanism of the obtained hepatoprotection of ABE may be based on impeding the oxidative stress mediated by the used hepatotoxin, indicated by reduced MDA (37.9 % of Silymarin), and restored SOD, Catalase & GPx in liver homogenate with potentials of 94.9, 63.0 & 88.4 % of Silymarin, respectively. Pathological findings, both macroscopic and microscopic, were supportive to the biochemical findings, where the pathological lesions caused by CCl4 as fatty degeneration of hepatocytes with vacuolated cytoplasm, proliferated fibrous connective tissue with eosinophilic edematous fluid cells plus focal and diffuse necrotic areas and hyperplastic biliary epithelium, were ameliorated dose-dependently when ABE was administered together with CCl4. Data of the present study may suggest ABE as a good natural source for promising hepatoprotective and antioxidative remedies.

Cytotoxicity Assay of Agaricus Bisporus Extract , Oxaliplatin and Combination of both on Melanoma-B16 and Vero-101 Cell line:An in Vitro study

The present study included extracted Agaricus bispours and estimated proteins and carbohydrates amount in extract then assessment activity of methanolic crude extract of medicinal mushroom A. bisporus as in vitro anticancer by using melanoma-B16 cell line ,and compared with chemotherapy Oxaliplatin and approved reduction toxic effect of chemotherapy on normal cells when exposed to combination between chemotherapy and mushroom extract on normal vero-101 cell line. Proteins and carbohydrate estimation results referred to there are about 219.33 and 412.98 µg/ml respectively. The results showed that inhibition rate of melanoma-B16 cell line was about 82.15% according to cytotoxicity assay test by crystal violate when treated these cells by methanol crude extract of A. bisporus at 1000 mg/ml .But the cytotoxicity assay of using chemotherapy oxaliplatin on melanoma-B16 at 100 mg/ml results appeared that the inhibition rate was 64.52%. The cytotoxicity assay of combination between methanolic crude extract of A.bisporus 1000 mg/ml and oxaliplatin 100 mg/ml results the inhibition rate was 70.04% on melanoma B-16 cell line.Crystal violate cytotoxicity assay of treatments on normal vero-101 cell line results were revealed that non significantly inhibition of A.bisporus extract on normal cells only 5.37%.While chemotherapy oxaliplatin have inhibition rate on vero-101 normal cell line about 65% ,While the combination treatment cytotoxicity assay on vero-101 normal cell line showed that inhibition rate was reduced to 20.35% comparing with cancer cell which was about 65.3%

Cytotoxicity Assay of Agaricus Bisporus Extract , Oxaliplatin and Combination of both on Melanoma-B16 and Vero-101 Cell line:An in Vitro study

The present study included extracted Agaricus bispours and estimated proteins and carbohydrates amount in extract then assessment activity of methanolic crude extract of medicinal mushroom A. bisporus as in vitro anticancer by using melanoma-B16 cell line ,and compared with chemotherapy Oxaliplatin and approved reduction toxic effect of chemotherapy on normal cells when exposed to combination between chemotherapy and mushroom extract on normal vero-101 cell line. Proteins and carbohydrate estimation results referred to there are about 219.33 and 412.98 µg/ml respectively. The results showed that inhibition rate of melanoma-B16 cell line was about 82.15% according to cytotoxicity assay test by crystal violate when treated these cells by methanol crude extract of A. bisporus at 1000 mg/ml .But the cytotoxicity assay of using chemotherapy oxaliplatin on melanoma-B16 at 100 mg/ml results appeared that the inhibition rate was 64.52%. The cytotoxicity assay of combination between methanolic crude extract of A.bisporus 1000 mg/ml and oxaliplatin 100 mg/ml results the inhibition rate was 70.04% on melanoma B-16 cell line.Crystal violate cytotoxicity assay of treatments on normal vero-101 cell line results were revealed that non significantly inhibition of A.bisporus extract on normal cells only 5.37%.While chemotherapy oxaliplatin have inhibition rate on vero-101 normal cell line about 65% ,While the combination treatment cytotoxicity assay on vero-101 normal cell line showed that inhibition rate was reduced to 20.35% comparing with cancer cell which was about 65.3%

Effect of Dietary Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula Crude Extract Suplementation on Carcass Quality of Broiler

This research was conducted to examine Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula crude extract using different solvents (water, ethanol, and methanol) on infrared spectroscopy absorbance during extraction and the impact on broiler carcass. Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula crude extracts were scanned using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Each mushroom crude extract was chosen and applied into broiler diets as feed additive at 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, and compared zinc bacitracin inclusion. Variable measured were final live weight, carcass yield, breast meat yield, and abdominal fat yield of broiler. Two hundred and forty day-old chicks were randomly allocated into eight dietary treatments, each treatment was replicated three times with ten chicks for each pen. Diets and water were offered ad libitum. Methanolic extract showed monosaccharide absorption peak in fingerprint region at wavelength 890 cm-1, 930 cm-1, 1050 cm-1, 1150 cm-1 which indicates alpha and beta linkage than the others solvent. Even so, dietary inclusion of methanolic extracts of Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula did not show any effect on final live weight and the yiled of carcass, breast meat and abdominal fat of broiler. In conclusion, methanolic extraction is effective to extract monosaccharides with α- and β- linkages from Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula, while the dietary inclusion of methanolic extracts of both edible mushroom and zinc bacitracin has no effect on carcass quality of broilerin broiler diets did not show differences between treatments as well as zinc bacitracin group.

Nephroprotective Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus Extracts and Carvedilol on Ethylene Glycol-Induced Urolithiasis: Roles of NF-κB, p53, Bcl-2, Bax and Bak.

This study was designed to assess the nephroprotective effects of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus aqueous extracts and carvedilol on hyperoxaluria-induced urolithiasis and to scrutinize the possible roles of NF-κB, p53, Bcl-2, Bax and Bak. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of mushrooms’ aqueous extracts were also performed and revealed the presence of multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components. Hyperoxaluria was induced in Wistar rats through the addition of 0.75% (v/v) ethylene glycol in drinking water for nine weeks. The ethylene glycol-administered rats were orally treated with Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus aqueous extracts (100 mg/kg) and carvedilol (30 mg/kg) daily during the last seven weeks. The study showed that Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus and carvedilol all successfully inhibited ethylene glycol-induced histological perturbations and the elevation of serum creatinine, serum urea, serum and urinary uric acid, serum, urinary and kidney oxalate, urine specific gravity, kidney calcium, kidney NF-κB, NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50, p53, Bax and Bak expressions as well as serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels. Moreover, the treatment decreased the reduction in urinary creatinine, urinary urea, ratios of urinary creatinine to serum creatinine and urinary urea to serum urea, Fex Urea and Bcl-2 expression in kidney. In conclusion, although Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus extracts and carvedilol all significantly inhibited the progression of nephrolithiasis and showed nephroprotective effects against ethylene glycol-induced kidney dysfunction, Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus seemed to be more effective than carvedilol. Moreover, the nephroprotective effects may be mediated via affecting NF-κB activation, extrinsic apoptosis and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.

Ergothioneine Rich Agaricus Bisporus Extracts Decreases Lipid Accumulation Induced By Oleic Acid In Hepg2 Cells: Possible Implications In The Treatment Of Nonalcoholic Liver Fatty Disease

Ergothioneine Rich Agaricus Bisporus Extracts Decreases Lipid Accumulation Induced By Oleic Acid In Hepg2 Cells: Possible Implications In The Treatment Of Nonalcoholic Liver Fatty Disease

The Inhibitory Properties of Ethanol Extracts of Some Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms on the Secretion of Interleukin-8 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor by PC3 Cancer Cells.

Interleukin (IL)-8, a cytokine produced by immune and non-immune cells, induces angiogenesis via increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion; both cytokines promote tumor growth. IL-8 and VEGF plasma levels correlate with prostate cancer severity, suggesting that therapeutic options aimed at their downregulation may modulate tumor growth. Available data suggest that Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom [WBM]) extracts inhibit cancer cell proliferation through aromatase inhibition. However, the extent to which they affect IL-8 and VEGF remains to be elucidated. The aims of this study were to (1) investigate the antiproliferative properties of WBM, brown A. bisporus (portabella), and Lentinus edodes (shiitake mushroom) on PC3 cancer cells; (2) demonstrate that these properties are exerted through the regulation of both IL-8 and VEGF; and (3) determine the role of NFκB activation in the antiproliferative process of mushroom extracts. Cytokine secretion in the supernatant, NFκB activity, and cell proliferation were measured in PC3 cells incubated with 0-100 µg/mL of ethanol extracts of mushrooms. Mushroom extracts decreased IL-8 secretion and cell proliferation (P < .05), and also tended to decrease VEGF (P < .09). Decreased cell proliferation did not appear to result from cell death because trypan blue exclusion tests showed comparable cell viability among cultures. Mushroom extracts also decreased nuclear and total NFκB activity, and the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic activity (P < .05) suggesting altered translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Our data suggest that the three types of studied mushrooms may modulate tumor growth through inhibition of IL-8, VEGF, and NFκB pathways.

Antibacterial Activity of Alcoholic and Aqueous Extracts of Agaricus bisporus Against Food Borne Bacterial Pathogens

Two extracts of 50 mg.ml-1 Agaricus bisporus alcoholic and aqueous were used in order to study their effect against two pathogenic bacteria. Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from chicken and minced meat samples respectively, then identified according to biochemical tests. Antibacterial activity of Agaricus bisporus extracts (alcoholic and aqueous) was studied by agar well diffusion method. The results exhibited that aqueous mushroom extract has no effect against the two tested bacteria, while alcoholic extract of mushroom affect against the two tested bacteria and the effect against S. aureus was more than that against Salmonella typhi and the zone of inhibition was 15 mm and 9 mm respectively. The ethanol alcohol 96% and water were used as control. From this study, mushroom extracts especially ethanolic or alcoholic could be used to control the transmission of pathogenic bacteria from food

POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL JAMUR KANCING (Agaricus bisporus) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI

A research had been done on antibacterial activity of extract and the aim was to determine the antibacterial activity and inhibitory potency. The research was started by screening test using Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Vibrio cholerae. Results showed that the Agaricus bisporus ekstract inhibited Bacillus subtilis, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio cholera at concentrations 0,1% and 1%. The results obtained Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Agaricus bisporus extract against at concentrations of 0,1%. In the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) test Agaricus bisporus extract against at concentrations of 0,8%. Agaricus bisporus extract has antibacterial activity wich was indicated by the inhibitory zone diameter. The biggest inhibitory zone diameter of Agaricus bisporus contained in bacteria Bacillus subtilis on the concentration of 6.4% (13 mm)

Psathyrella candolleana and Agaricus bisporus Extracts Provide Protection against DNA Oxidative Damage Induced by Doxorubicin.

In this study, the aqueous extracts of fruiting bodies of Psathyrella candolleana and Agaricus bisporus were assessed in vitro for their genotoxic potential. Extracts of these 2 fungi were tested with regard to their capacity to protect genetic material against DNA damage caused by the anticancer chemotherapy drug, doxorubicin. Using chromosomal aberration, micronucleus, and comet assays, the genotoxic and genoprotective potential of these 2 fungi was assessed using P. candolleana strain RM-0861 and A. bisporus strain AB-62. Genetic damage was determined by the chromosomal aberration assay, and evaluation of oxidative damage was performed in vitro by the micronucleus test and comet assay. A significant decrease in micronucleus formation was noted in comparison with the corresponding control. None of the mushroom extract treatments in this study displayed genotoxicity or cytotoxicity. Significantly, the greatest reductions of chromosomal aberration were found with the extracts of P. condolleana for all time periods tested. The extracts tested showed a marked anticlastogenic effect against DNA damage, as evidenced by a decrease in the frequency of total breaks. The data obtained suggest that extracts of these fungi are anticlastogenic under the conditions tested. These results indicate that mushroom extracts contain bioactive compounds that may prevent oxidative DNA damage induces by doxorubicin, as measured by chromosomal aberration, comet and micronucleus assay.

Functionalization of yogurts with Agaricus bisporus extracts encapsulated in spray-dried maltodextrin crosslinked with citric acid

Mushroom extracts contain bioactive compounds potentially useful to functionalize foodstuffs. Herein, alcoholic extracts of Agaricus bisporus were studied for their bioactivity and viability as functional ingredients in a food product with high water content (yogurt). Extracts were microencapsulated (to improve their stability and hydrophilicity) by spray-drying, using maltodextrin crosslinked with citric acid as encapsulating material. The effect of thermal treatment (after atomization) on crosslinking and bioactivity of microspheres was tested. The incorporation of free and thermally untreated forms resulted in yogurts with higher initial antioxidant activity (EC50 values: 214 and 272 mg.mL−1) that decreased after 7 days (EC50 values: 248 and 314 mg.mL−1). Contrarily, thermally treated microencapsulated extracts showed higher antioxidant activity after the same period (EC50 values, 0 days: 106 mg.mL−1; 7 days: 48.7 mg.mL−1), in result of an effective protection provided by microencapsulation with crosslinked maltodextrin and citric acid. Functionalized yogurts showed an overall maintenance of nutritional properties.