African Star Apple Research Articles

Control of Aflatoxin-Producing Moulds in Melon Paste (Ogiri) Sold in Ogun State Using African Star Apple Oil and Cucumber Oil

Control of Aflatoxin-Producing Moulds in Melon Paste (Ogiri) Sold in Ogun State Using African Star Apple Oil and Cucumber Oil

Elucidating the antidiabetic potential of Chrysophyllum albidum: An integrative approach combining in vitro and in silico studies on dipeptidyl peptidase IV and adenosine deaminase inhibition

Diabetes mellitus remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions. This study elucidated the inhibitory potential of phytochemicals derived from the African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum (C. albidum)) against two critical enzymes implicated in diabetes pathogenesis: dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and adenosine deaminase (ADA). A multi-pronged approach integrating in vitro enzyme inhibition assays and in silico molecular docking simulations was employed. Aqueous extracts from various C. albidum fruit parts were evaluated for enzyme inhibition using colorimetric assays. Molecular docking studies were performed using the crystal structures of DPP-IV (PDB ID: 2ONC) and ADA (PDB ID: 3IAR) to investigate binding interactions and identify potential hit compounds using autodock-vina. In vitro assays revealed potent, dose-dependent inhibition of both DPP-IV and ADA by the aqueous extracts, with the fruit's seed coat extract exhibiting the most promising activity (IC50 = 4.88 μg/mL and 18.25 μg/mL against DPP-IV and ADA, respectively). Molecular docking unveiled several C. albidum hits, including CIDs 562,128 (-9.569), 6,430,793 (-9.501), and 23,647,311 (-8.286), and 73,530 (-6.936) exhibiting favorable drug-like properties and binding geometries. This integrative study unveiled the inhibitory potential of C. albidum phytochemicals against DPP-IV and ADA, with a notable correlation between in vitro and in silico data, underscoring the therapeutic promise of this indigenous African plant source for developing novel antidiabetic agents, most importantly the seedcoat.

Production and Characterization of Ackee Apple (Blighia sapida) Seeds and African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) Seeds Oil Mixtures and their Biodiesel

This paper focused on the characterization of oils and biodiesels derived from Ackee apple seeds and African star apple seeds obtained from local markets. The oils from individual seeds and their mixtures at varying ratios were characterised for relative density, free fatty acid, acid, iodine, and saponification, which yielded 0.91 g/cm3, 1.06 mg-KOH/g, 2.12 mg-KOH/g, 38.36mg-iodine/100g, and 195.74 mg-KOH/g of ackee seed oil, respectively. And 0.89 g/cm3, 2.105 mg-KOH/g, 4.2 mg-KOH/g, 52.49 mg-iodine/100 g, and 227.7 mg-KOH/g of African star apple seed oil, respectively. The highest relative density of 0.9064 g/cm3 and free fatty acid of 3.73 mg-KOH/g were achieved from the mixture of ackee apple and African star apple seeds’ oils at 80 and 20%, respectively, while the highest saponification of 221.264 mg-KOH/g and iodine of 49.66 mg-iodine/100 g were obtained from the oil mixture of 20 and 80%, respectively. Also, the oils extracted from the seeds, were subjected to a transesterification process to produce biodiesel. 144°C flash point, 206°C fire point, and 2.8°C cloud point were obtained from the biodiesel of the oil mixture of 20 and 80%, respectively. Further analysis of the mixtures showed low volatility and high resistance to fire due to their high flash and fire points. The highest value recorded for the flash point is lower when compared with some other seed oils flash points; however this value is higher than the standard flash point for biodiesels .Highest boiling point of 64°C was attained at an oil mixture ratio of 60 and 40%, respectively. This value is too low compared to the normal boiling point range of 315-350°C for biodiesels, and the high acid values recoded for the mixtures make the oils inedible. The oils, however, have advantages over other edible seed oils as they will serve as valuable ingredients in the soap-making industries since they are not competing with food resources

Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) Fruit-Skin Attenuates Hyperglycemia-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Experimental Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disturbance characterized by hyperglycemia has become a health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress performs a key role in diabetic complications. The fruit-skin of Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) has been reported to have anti-hyperglycemic, hypolipidemic and in vitro antioxidant properties, but its effect on oxidative damage in diabetic animals has not been well investigated. This study investigated the effect of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit-skin (CAFS) in mitigating hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Oxidative stress markers included superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), lipidperoxidation status using malondialdehyde and non-enzymatic antioxidants in serum, hepatic and pancreatic tissues. Non-diabetic and streptozotocin-diabetic rats were compared after 4 weeks of treatment. The diabetic untreated group showed significant (p< 0.05) elevation of malondialdehyde and depression of non-enzymatic antioxidants levels, while suppressing SOD and CAT activities in serum, hepatic and pancreatic tissues when compared to normal rats. CAFS supplemented diet treatment ameliorated these metabolic disturbances and increased the activities of hepatic and pancreatic SOD from 0.28±0.25 to 0.61±0.13 Unit/mg protein and 0.08±0.01 to 0.15±0.01 Unit/mg protein respectively and CAT from 0.21±0.06 to 0.81±0.17 Unit/mg protein and 0.07±0.01 to 0.50±0.15 Unit/mg protein respectively. The findings suggest that CAFS treatment in diabetic rats exerts a protective effect via attenuation of oxidative stress mediated by hyperglycemia and improves the antioxidant status.

Isolation and Characterization of Pectin from African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) Fruit

Isolation and Characterization of Pectin from African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) Fruit

African Star Apple Juice Stored at Tropical Ambient and Refrigeration Temperatures: Effect on Physicochemical Characteristics, Antioxidant Properties and Microbiological

The present study was aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and antioxidant properties as well as microbiological quality of extracted juice from African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) stored under tropical ambient and refrigeration conditions. Juice was extracted from mashed star apple fruit cotyledons (after deseeding) and pasteurized in a water bath at 71.2 oC for 30 minutes before storage for four (4) weeks under tropical ambient (28±2 oC) and refrigeration (6±2 oC) conditions. The results showed that there was no fibre in the juice, the moisture was 78.51% and 79.13% for fresh African star apple (ASA) juice and sample stored under ambient conditions, respectively. It also showed pH of ASA juice at week 0 to be 3.52 and week 4 for both samples stored at refrigeration and ambient temperatures to be 2.85 and 2.28, respectively. There was no fecal coliform count in all the studied juice samples throughout the storage period, but total viable bacteria counts were 2.7x104 cfu/ml, 1.84x105 cfu/ml and 6.6x104 cfu/ml for fresh juice and juice stored for 4 weeks at ambient temperature and refrigeration conditions, respectively. Overall, storage conditions had insignificant impact on the antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity of the fruit juice; the slight changes observed were linked to usual molecular reactions. In conclusion, storage under refrigeration conditions elongated the shelf life of the juice.

Isolation and Identification of Microbes Associated with Spoilage of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum Linn.) Sold in Markets in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

Isolation and Identification of Microbes Associated with Spoilage of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum Linn.) Sold in Markets in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

Extraction, Physicochemical, Fatty Acid Analysis of Chrysophyllum Albidum (African Star Apple) Seed Oil and Nutrient Composition of the Fruit Parts.

In tropical Africa, Chrysophyllum albidum fruit is useful as food and also has many industrial applications. In this study, oil was extracted from the seeds of C. albidum using normal hexane as the extracting solvent. The average percentage oil recovery using 10g, 20g, 30g, 40g and 50g of thee seed sample was 11.56 % which showed that the seed may not be a good source of abundant oil The physical characterization of the extracted oil showed the density of 0.85 g/ml and pH value of 10.30. The specific gravity of the oil was 0.85 at 20°C which is lower than 0.998 at 20°C, the specific gravity of water indicating that the oil is less dense than water. The oil could be classified as a non-drying oil since its iodine value of 34.00mg/100g was lower than 100. The saponification value was 201.96mg/gKOH. The GC-MS result of the fatty acid composition analysis showed the major fatty acid contained in the oil as palmitic acid, palmitoleic and linoleic acids with percentage weights of 53.97%, 18.40% and 10.25% respectively. The total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid composition were 71.16% and 28.84% respectively. The high percentage of the palmitic acid content of the oil indicated that it could be used as a good substitiute for palm oil in industrial production of products. From the result of the proximate analysis, protein had the least content in the fruit. The C.albidum fruit peel, pulp, seed flesh, seed shell and seed contained 2.45%, 3.15%, 0.50%, 0.98% and 0.23% of protein respectively. The moisture content of the fruit peel, pulp, seed flesh, seed shell and seed were 65.00%, 85.00%, 85.00%, 55.00% and 70% respectively. The high moisture content of the fruit implies that it will have a short shelf life. From the result of the mineral analysis, the C. albidum peel was found to contain all the minerals analysed and in high percentage too. Na content was 8.962ppm, K was 21.565ppm, Ca was 48.587ppm, Mg was 19.240ppm and Fe was 10.539. It is advisable for people to consume the fruit peel rather than discarding it as some. The iron content of the seed shell was the highest while potassium content of the pulp was the highest. Analysis of the peel, pulp and seed flesh confirmed the high average value of 17.37 mg/100g of vitamin C in the fruit.

Seed moisture influence on some engineering properties of African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) seeds

Seed moisture influence on some engineering properties of African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) seeds

African star apple leaf extract attenuates hyperglycemic mediated cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is a chronic disease affecting millions of people. It is associated dementia. Over the years the use of natural product such African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) with strong antioxidant activities has been study for treating of diabetes. This study is carried out to evaluate African star apple possible anti‐diabetic, neuroprotective and effects on neuro‐ cognition in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats model using Morris water maze to evaluate spatial working memory, Malondialdehyde (MDA) as biomarker for tissue damage while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as antioxidant enzyme markers assayed using spectrophotometer.MethodsThirty male Sprague‐Dawley (S‐D) rats used were divided into six groups (n = 5) viz: A‐ control, B‐ Diabetic model (50mg/kg bw STZ), C‐ Diabetic model +2mg/kg bw glibenclamide, D‐Diabetic model +125mg/kg bw African star apple leaf extract, STZ+250mg/kg bw African star apple leaf extract and STZ+500mg/kg bw African star apple leaf extract. Treatment was for 21 days via oral administration. The prefrontal cortices excised were processed for histological examination.ResultsDiabetic model was characterized by a decline in final body weight, spatial memory, antioxidants enzymes (SOD and CAT) with an elevation in MDA and blood glucose levels in addition to marked disruption of the neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) characterized by presence of pkynotic and necrotic pyramidal neurons of the PFC. Furthermore, African star apple leaf extract significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and cognitive functions in a dose‐dependent manner (P>0.05) as compared to the diabetic model.ConclusionDiabetes can result in cognitive impairment via hyperglycemic mediated neurodegeneration which is attenuated by African star apple leaf extract ability to increase antioxidant enzymes, reduce neuro‐inflammation thereby improving neuronal function for memory and cognition.

Assessing the oil yield and physicochemical parameters of the seed oil of Chrysophyllum albidum (African Star Apple)

Chrysophyllum albidum is of great economic value in tropical Africa due to its diverse industrial, medicinal, and food uses. In Ghana, the fruit is locally known as "Alansa," but its full potential has not been fully explored. In this study, oil was extracted from the seeds of Chrysophyllum albidum (Africa Star Apple) fruit using two methods: Soxhlet extraction and maceration, with normal hexane as the extraction solvent. The extraction was conducted at a temperature of 65 °C for the Soxhlet extraction method. The aim of these methods was to determine the percentage oil yield. The results showed that the oil content was 2.13% by Soxhlet extraction and 1.24% by maceration. Characterization was performed to determine the physical and chemical properties of the extracted oil. The results revealed that the oil was yellow in colour, with no offensive smell. It had a specific gravity of 0.94 kg/m3, saponification value of 181.203 mg/KOH/g, iodine value of 126.6804 mg/g oil, acid value of 5.52%, free fatty acids value of 2.77%, peroxide value of 4.50 meq/kg, and refractive index of 1.3648 at 20 °C. These findings suggest that Chrysophyllum albidum seeds may not be a highly productive source of oil based on their oil yield. However, the studied characteristics of the extracted oil indicate that it may still hold economic value in Ghana.

Microbial Density and Diversity and Lead Loads in Selected Street- Hawked Foods in Akure Metropolis, Nigeria

Microbial density and diversity, as well as concentrations of lead, in selected street-hawked foods in Akure metropolis were investigated in this study. Street-vended/hawked foods offer numerous advantages to food security; nevertheless, the safety of street foods has been an issue of serious concern, mainly because of the poor sanitary standards and inadvertent contaminants. Seven selected food samples (zobo drink, rice and stew, African star apple, meat pie, cucumber, white pap, smoked fish) were purchased from vendors at three busy road intersections within the city. Metals were analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metals determined are Ca, Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn. The concentrations of the metals in mg/kg were in the range of Ca (24.50±0.10 to 32.00±0.10), Cu (0.75±0.03 to 1.12±0.01), Pb (0.05±0.01 to 0.30±0.01), Fe (0.19±0.01 to 0.31±0.01), and Zn (1.40±0.01 to 2.33±0.01). Lead values were well above permissible limits set by WHO, EU and USEPA, indicating a significant health risk. On the other hand, the presence of high concentration of calcium in the street hawked food indicates that the food is of good value. The microbial density of the street-hawked foods were as follows: zobo, rice and stew, African star apple and meat pie (52 x 102, 54 x 102, 2 x 102, 25 x 102 cfu/g), respectively. Only zobo drink had viable fungal counts (34 x 102 cfu/g) on Potato Dextrose Agar. The microbial isolates observed in this study were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, in varied proportions which could be attributed to the utensils, exposure of food product environment and other related factors. Among the various microorganisms isolated from the street-hawked foods, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus were quite prevalent. Some of the hawked street foods in Akure metropolis were of poor microbial quality, which is of public health concern.

Nutritional Composition of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) Seed obtained from Tunga Market in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Nutritional Composition of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) Seed obtained from Tunga Market in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Effect of bioregulator on germination and early seedling growth of African star apple (<i>Chrysophyllum albidum</i> G. Don)

An experiment was conducted at Imo State University farm, Owerri to evaluate the effect of bioregulator on germination and early seedling growth of African star apple which serves as fruit, food, feed and environmental pollution control against climate change. Completely Randomized Design was used with four treatments and sixteen replicates. Different levels of coconut water served as treatments; 0 cl, 5 cl, 10 cl and 15 cl. They were sown after soaking in the solution for 24 hours in 64 polythene bags each containing 6 kg top soil. Data on germination and early seedling growth parameters were collected. Seedling height, number of leaves and leaf area were also collected 10 weeks after germination. Results showed that the highest germination percentage of 91 %, significantly (P<0.05) different from control was obtained from the solution containing 15 cl coconut water. Highest number of days to 50% germination was 56 days obtained from solution containing 0 cl coconut water and differed significantly (P<0.05) from others. Solution containing 15 cl, 10 cl, and 5 cl coconut water gave the largest mean seedling leaf area of 56.70 cm2, 32.99 cm2, and 26.38 cm2 respectively significantly (P<0.05) different from control at 10 weeks after planting. 15 cl coconut water gave the best result for germination and seedling growth of African star apple seed and therefore recommended.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Nigerians Towards Herbal Contraception: A Questionnaire- Based Study

Aims: With a population of about 222 million, which is expected to rise to 377 million making Nigeria the 3rd largest country in the world by 2050, a well-planned family will improve the quality of life of mother and child.
 Methodology: A non-probability online survey was conducted (October 2021 and November 2021), recruiting 1113 participants across Nigeria. Socio-demographic data and information on contraceptives were obtained, and Pearson’s chi-squared test of independence at a 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed using R 4.2.1.
 Results: Significant associations (P < .001) were found between age, marital status, education, and profession of respondents. About 44.65% were 15-29 years, while 41.2% were 30-34 years. No significant association was observed between the age group, gender, and the need for population control. Females (50.04%), 15-29 years old (66.48%) are more likely to approve of the need for population control. Likewise, females (22.01%), with tertiary education (18.78%) are well-informed about contraceptive use (P < .001). Only 19.38% (n = 184; P < .001) of participants used herbal contraceptives, in the form of liquid mixtures (55.98%), teas (17.93%), pills (12.50%), and powders (10.87%), with 26.63% > 7.61% > 6.52% > 5.98% = 5.98% = 5.98% > 4.89% > 3.80% who took Moringa, Alligator Pepper, Neem Plant, Castor Beans, African Star apple Momordica, Rosary Pea, and Horse-eye Bean respectively as contraceptives. Aged parents (32.07%), friends (31.52%), doctors (15.76%), herbalists (5.98%), pharmacists (5.43%), and nurses (3.80%) played a significant (P < .001) role in recommending these herbs. Furthermore, 76.37% recommended the development of indigenous herbal contraceptives in Nigeria, while 23.63% did not.
 Conclusion: Although participants have expressed a preference for herbal contraceptives, knowledge of them is lacking, which calls for more awareness campaigns and policy formulations for their promotion, development, and adoption in Nigeria.

Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Aqueous and Methanol Leaf Extracts of Chrysophyllum Albidum in Male Wistar Rats with Acetic Acid Induced Inflammation and Pain

Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) fruits and fresh leaves have been used as food widely. The mature leaves, bark, seeds and roots are used as folk medicine for the treatment and management of various ailments, hence the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Chrysophyllum albidumon inflammation and pain were investigated. Thirty five male wistar rats weighing 150.41±13.27g were randomly placed in seven (I-VII) groups. Group I (normal control), group II (diclofenac), group III(positive control), groups IV and V received 200mg and 400mg/Kg bodyweight of methanolic extract; groups VI and VII received 200mg and 400mg/Kg bodyweight of aqueous extract, respectively. 0.1ml of 2.5% of acetic acid was injected into the hind paw of rats to induce inflammation and pain, and then treated for 14 days. Severity of pain was quantified using Likert scale. Standard biochemical and phytochemical parameters were determined. Statistical differences in the mean between groups was compared using one way analysis of variance at p<0.05. The extract had inhibition of edema at 92%, 95% and 92%, 93% at doses of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg bodyweights of methanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The yield from quantitative analysis ranged from Cardiac glycosides>Saponins>flavonoids>alkaloids>phenols; 42.6% vs. 38.1% for methanolic vs. aqueous extracts, respectively. Animals treated with both extracts had significant increase in weights and white blood cells compared to the standard and normal control group (p<0.05). These suggest that the extract had ameliorative, preventive and curative potency on inflammation which may be attributed to the presence of glycosides, saponins and other phytoconstituents.

Effects of acetylation, acid-thinning and oxidation on Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) kernel native starch

Starch is a biological macromolecule with myriad of industrial uses. The growing need for starch and native starch deficiencies have necessitated researches into under-exploited starch sources and modifications, respectively. Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple, ASA) seed is a waste consisting of 63.94% carbohydrate in its kernel. Its starch content can be fully utilised, industrially, if it is in a suitable form and its properties understood. That necessitated the isolation of ASA kernel starch, its modification and properties assessment. Acetylation, acid-thinning and oxidation were performed on the native Chrysophyllum albidum kernel starch, NACA, to produce the acetylated Chrysophyllum albidum kernel starch, ACCA, acid-thinned Chrysophyllum albidum kernel starch, ATCA, and oxidised Chrysophyllum albidum kernel starch, OXCA, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the native and modified starches were investigated with established methods. The yield of starch was 43.76%. The acetylated and oxidised starches had low degrees of substitution. FTIR results confirmed the introduction of carbonyl functionality into the acetylated and oxidised starches. Starch morphology revealed smooth, small rounded and truncated ellipsoid granules with diameter ranges of 7–20 μm. Swelling power of modified starches improved, except for the acid-thinned, and increased with temperature. Acetylated and oxidised starches had significantly (p < 0.05) higher water and oil absorption capacities, respectively. Acid-thinning significantly improved starch pasting properties and reduced retrogradation tendency. Modification improved the gelatinisation transition temperature of native starch.

Effect of Storage Conditions on Antioxidant Enzymes and Polyphenol Oxidase Activity of African Star Apple Juice

This study investigated the effect of storage on both antioxidant enzymes and polyphenol oxidase activities of African star apple juice. African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) was sorted, washed, peeled and deseeded before milling the pulp to get fruit paste. The milled paste was then filtered to get a clear juice. The clear juice was packed in sterilized bottles before pasteurizing in a water bath at 71.2 oC for 30 minutes; after which a part was stored under refrigeration condition (6±2 oC), while the other part was stored under tropical ambient condition (28±2 oC). Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) all increased as storage period increased, with samples stored under refrigeration conditions recording higher values than those stored under tropical ambient conditions. On the other hand, the selenium-containing microsomal enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), registered an inverse relationship with storage period at both conditions. Polyphenol oxidase optimal thermal activity was observed at 80 oC and that of pH was at 7, whereas the enzyme was more stable at 40 oC at all stages and conditions of storage tested. The study also showed that polyphenol oxidase was more active when purified partially, compared to the crude enzyme. In conclusion, polyphenol oxidase can be isolated from African star apple juice stored under different conditions.

Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Proximate Composition of Fruit of False Yam (Icacina senegalensis) and African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum)

The biochemical composition of the seed, fruit-pulp and fruit-skin of false yam and African star apple was carried out in this study using standard techniques. The result of the mean phytochemical composition of Icacina senegalensis and Chrysophyllum albidum fruits revealed higher composition of tannin in the pulp, seed of I. senegalensis, while alkaloid and flavonoid was higher in composition in the pulp (24.22±0.141mg/100g and 16.53±0.021mg/100g), seed (25.35± 0.021mg/100g and 18.27±0.014mg/100g)and bark (24.62±0.085mg/100g and 16.94± 0.035 mg/100g) of Chrysophyllum albidum. The results were significantly different at p&lt;0.05. The result of the percentage proximate composition of Icacina senegalensis and Chrysophyllum albidum fruits revealed higher percentage composition of carbohydrate in the pulp (51.52±0.127% and 57.02±0.141%), seed (52.42±0.085% and 56.1±0.198%) and bark (54.89±0.092% and 58.02±0.113%) of I. senegalensis and C. albidum. The result revealed high percentage composition of fat in the pulp (26.33±0.028% and 9.63±0.028%), seed (25.69±0.014% and 10.24±0.035%) and bark (23.14±0.028% and 9.28±0.071%) of I. senegalensis and C. albidum respectively. Moisture content was also high in the pulp (12.37±0.014% and 8.35±0.042%), seed (11.45±0.021% and 7.36±0.042%) and bark (11.13±0.014% and 5.23±0.028%) of I. senegalensis and C. albidum respectively. The result of the mean mineral composition of Icacina senegalensis and Chrysophyllum albidum fruits revealed high composition of calcium in the pulp, seed and bark of I. senegalensis and C. albidum respectively. The result also revealed high composition of magnesium in the pulp, seed and bark of I. senegalensis and C. albidum. The results from this work suggest that Icacina senegalensis and Chrysophyllum albidum may find their use in food/feed formulation/supplementation as well as nutraceutical/medicinal and industrial uses.

Effect of hydrocolloid obtained from African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) fruit pulp on the physicochemical and sensory properties of Yoghurt.

Effect of hydrocolloid obtained from African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) fruit pulp on the physicochemical and sensory properties of Yoghurt.