Affirmation Of National Identity Research Articles

Activities of National Union of Artists of Ukraine in Development and Popularisation of Ukrainian Art in Wartime

The purpose of the work is to examine the basic principles and activities of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine (hereinafter – NUAU) and the Kyiv Organisation of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine (hereinafter – KONUAU) at the present stage, to identify relevant issues related to the development and popularisation of Ukrainian art, in particular during the period of full-scale war. The research methodology is in the application of systematic and cultural-historical approaches, combined with such methods as art history, analysis, synthesis, generalisation, description and comparison, which together help to achieve substantiated research results. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time a brief analysis of the activities of the NUAU and KONUAU was revealed in the context of an unfolding full-scale war was considered and presented, and the cultural and axiological potential of the union’s activities and the promotion of the achievements of contemporary Ukrainian artists, the affirmation of national identity, Ukrainian culture and art, which in times of war is not only a unifying factor, but also a means of expressing a civic position. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of creative events, exhibitions, and other cultural practices of the NUAU and KONUAU, the article reveals the cultural and axiological potential of the union's activities, which manifests itself in the transmission of artistic and cultural values inherent in Ukrainian art, which, especially during the war, through the efforts of the artists of the NUAU and KONUAU, is aimed at uniting civil society in the fight against Russian aggression, as well as in matters of practical volunteer activity, which is an extremely important component in the formation of national consciousness and patriotism.
 Key words: National Union of Artists of Ukraine, Kyiv Organisation of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine, Ukrainian art, national school of painting, thematic painting, historical painting, war, military aggression, artists.

Nation and Religion: towards Definition of Religious Nationalism

The aim of the article is to study the phenomenon of religious nationalism, i.e. cases when religion and nationalism are closely related and reinforce each other, and religious identity becomes an important and integral part of national identity. The author aims to analyze the political context of cases of religious nationalism in European countries, to describe their essential features and conditions of occurrence, and also to answer the question: are there any political reasons for religious nationalism? Considering the phenomenon of nationalism in the framework of the constructivist approach, the author also employs the methods of comparative analysis, using material from such countries as Ireland, Poland, Greece, the countries of the former Yugoslavia, as well as the Russian case taking place in the Chechen Republic. Summarizing these cases, the author describes the conditions for the emergence of an alliance of religion and nationalism. Firstly, it is a religious difference between neighboring communities. Secondly, it is a conflict between them, which contains a threat to identity. In these cases, religion becomes an important marker that distinguishes communities from each other, and begins to perform non-religious functions: the affirmation of national identity, ethnic pride, national honor, protection of sovereignty, and culture. Religious nationalism always stimulates growth of religious commitment of a nation, in which the number of believers may reach 90 percent. But this commitment is not individual, it is not based on a personal choice of faith, but collective and obligatory. Religious affiliation is dictated by loyalty to the nation.

Tinerețea patriarhului Nicodim la Dunărea de Jos în contextul anului omagial al satului românesc

“The homage Year of the Romanian village, of the priests, teachers and mayors” and “The commemorative Year of the patriarchs Nicodim Munteanu and Iustin Moisescu”, topics decided by the Holy Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church to be debated in the Romanian Patriarchate in 2019, they have given numerous scientific and cultural events, symposia or conferences within the Archdiocese of the Lower Danube, which have brought to light personalities of the Romanian village within the eparchy, and have shown how much we owe to our ancestors and how much and how much we have. to learn from them. The close connection between the traditional Romanian village and the intellectual, cultural, church life of the great urban centers of the Country was also highlighted, the village being the source from which the men of state, high hierarchies, great cultural people, intellectuals came out at the right time, especially that have contributed to the unification of all Romanians in a single homeland, to the preservation and affirmation of national identity, to the defense of the right faith and of the Romanian soul. This is also the case of the Nicodim Munteanu, a peasant son from Pipirig village, in the Neamț region, who was the Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church between 1939 and 1948. Because an important stage in the becoming of Patriarch Nicodim took place in the Diocese of the Lower Danube, between 1902-1909, the present study sketches the personality and the theological, liturgical, missionary, cultural and administrative activity of Patriarch Nicodim in Galați, as archimandrite of the chair (vicar) and director of the Seminary “Sf. Apostle Andrew” (1908-1909). These issues, briefly presented, will be developed by our young priests, religious teachers, theologians, seminarians and social workers and, no less, by our good young Christians, by all the believers in the Lower Danube Diocese, by far and real useful for the salvation of our souls, for more soul peace, through prayer and the practice of liturgical, cultural and philanthropic life in the real way.

Construyendo nuestra identidad nacional La trampa del ingreso medio y la procrastinación de las reformas

En este ensayo, se analizan cuáles serían los principales limitantes de nuestro desarrollo institucional nacional. Inicialmente se describe la situación económica mundial y nacional, como un preámbulo para entender el actual contexto socio económico global en el que estamos inmersos y las perspectivas a enfrentar, destacando la posible iniciación de un ciclo económico decreciente global y el término de las políticas monetarias no convencionales con tasas de interés bajas cercanas a cero, de los países avanzados. Se estima, que el Perú, continuará siendo el país con mayor crecimiento y menor inflación de la región, sin deuda y con altas reservas internacionales, lo que nos permitirá enfrentar adecuadamente cualquier contingencia económica externa global negativa. En lo referente a los factores limitantes de nuestro desarrollo institucional nacional, se revisan cada uno de ellos, identificando como los más importantes: terminar de construir nuestra identidad nacional, mejorar la calidad educativa, el preocupante sesgo al estatu quo, la complacencia por la trampa del ingreso medio y el juego y cálculo político. La Institucionalidad nacional, ahora más que antes , se ve comprometida por las cada vez más evidentes interconexiones de las políticas globales y los efectos de contagio, demandando nuevas y mejores acciones de coordinación entre países, todavía no alcanzadas. Se concluye que son los valores, la afirmación de la identidad nacional, el mejoramiento de la calidad educativa, entre los más importantes factores limitantes a superar, lo que nos permitirá alcanzar la masa crítica poblacional con el nivel institucional requerido, lo que permitirá alcanzar un eficiente gestión del bien común, implementando políticas públicas sostenidas en beneficio de las grandes mayorías en una relación amigable con su naturaleza.

Soap Factories in Nablus: Palestinian Heritage (Turâth) at the Local Level

Heritage in Palestine has always been intertwined with political issues, in reaction to colonization or linked with the struggle against Israeli occupation. This paper questions the various scales (national and local) of Palestinian heritage through a particular aspect of Palestinian culture: soap factories in Nablus. After the destruction by the Israeli army of two soap factories in Nablus in 2002, a new interest and discourse developed about these buildings as icons of Palestinian national heritage. This paper questions this new discourse by comparing it to local practices of heritage in Nablus. It argues that the connection between soap factories and Palestinian heritage oscillates between local anchorage and affirmation of national identity.

War and national identity

In this article the author analyses the relation between war and national identity, that is the role and influence that war has on identity and vice versa. The analysis points to the multilayeredness and complexity of these ties which can be direct and indirect, contemporary and historical. It is emphasized that, because of the fact that wars have shaped the history of modern nations and nation states to a large extent, and have had the decisive role in their formation and development, all the factors, crucial for the identity formation, such as history, tradition, culture and religion, have had been under the important influence of this form of political violence. Author believes that war and violence historically had, and still have, the crucial role in the formation and affirmation of national identity.

Symbolism and memory in architecture: Algerian anti-colonial resistance and the Algiers Casbah

The original medina of Algiers – currently called the Algiers Casbah – constituted an integral part of the indigenous struggle for national independence. Constantly subject to French colonialist propaganda, it suffered throughout the colonial era (1830–1962) brutal destruction, negative representation, and ideological marginalisation. Yet it emerged after Algerian revolutionary war against French occupation (1954–1962) as an icon of people's solidarity, a physical landmark of Algerian identity, and an emblem of national memory. This paper investigates the historical formation of these symbolic values, and examines how the built environment gains its cultural meaning from political struggles. It also highlights the way that such meaning becomes an immaterial tool for the instrumentalisation of the medina area in the affirmation of national identity in the post-independence era. Using a historical approach, which discusses the emergence of Algerian nationalism and the later famous battle of Algiers in the 1950s, this paper argues that the psychological and cultural implications of Algerian anti-colonial resistance contributed heavily to the way that people today perceive the emblematic importance of the Ottoman medina of Algiers.

Asmara: Conservation and Development in a Historic City

Eritrea is one of the world's youngest and poorest countries. Cultural heritage programmes are at the forefront of its affirmation of national identity and central to its perception of sustainable development.Asmara, planned by the Italians as their colonial capital for the region, has been described as ‘Africa's Secret Modernist City’. The city centre is host to an exceptional range of late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century architectural styles, including a number of iconic buildings from the 1930s. It has remained largely untouched since the 1940s.This paper outlines the national context. It aims to summarize the key urban and building conservation issues facing the historic centre of Asmara, and how these are being addressed both within themselves and in the context of the integrated strategic plan for the expanding city. The plan's overall approach is one that seeks to achieve a balance between the demands of conservation and development, supporting traditional small-scale mixed uses and the human culture that goes with them in the historic core, whilst encouraging the siting of large-scale new developments in locations that complement rather than conflict with the established urban fabric and architectural heritage.Although the geographical and historical context is very specific, the approach that is being pursued in Asmara is one that offers lessons for the sound practice of urban conservation elsewhere in the developing and developed world.

Critical inter/multicultural education and the process of transnationalisation: a view from the semiperiphery∗

Abstract In the first part of this paper the claim that education is the privileged mechanism for the preservation and affirmation of national identity is questioned in light of the transnationalisation process and some of the specificities of Portugal as a semiperipheral country (in the European context). In the second part, critical inter/multicultural education is considered in an epoch of globalisation as a challenge to the formation through schooling of national and minority identities. ∗ An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 13th World Congress of the International Sociological Association, Bielefeld, July 1994.