Affective Conflict Research Articles

Affective Conflict Transportation? Everyday Presence of Conflict among People of Somali Origin in Finland

Affective Conflict Transportation? Everyday Presence of Conflict among People of Somali Origin in Finland

AFECTE I VIOLÈNCIA A ÀNIMA DE GOS , D’ANTÒNIA VICENS

This article uses theoretical approaches that straddle affect studies and animal studies to examine Ànima de gos , the short novel by the Mallorcan writer Antònia Vicens. I first highlight the peculiarity of the novel’s narratological treatment, and I then reflect on the possible ethical conflict that may arise from reading Ànima de gos . I place lycanthropy in some literary coordinates that do not hide the responsibility for acts of violence. I go on to focus on the affective deficiencies that constitute the personality of the protagonist. I pay special attention to the concept of “killing sadness” and the affective conflict of loss as possession as a mobilization of violent action. Finally, I try to clarify what is the main function of the animality represented by the protagonist of Ànima de gos . In all of this, and throughout the article, there is the problem of masculine violence. This violence is in no way justifiable.

Servant leadership, affective conflict, and organizational trust: A Walk‐In‐The‐Woods perspective

Servant leadership, affective conflict, and organizational trust: A <scp>Walk‐In‐The‐Woods</scp> perspective

The positive role of authentic leadership in organizations negatively affected by cognitive diversity.

Workplace diversity has recently gained increasing significance and urgency in business organizations. This promotion may stem from information processing, and specifically from information elaboration. Information elaboration leverages diverse task-related information and skills possessed by members, fostering the exchange of diverse perspectives, elaborate discussions, and achieving high team performance. In this context, cognitive diversity, encompassing members' knowledge, skills, and perspectives, may have a positive impact. However, some previous studies suggest that cognitive diversity can lead to affective conflict and impede information processing. In organizations with highly homogeneous social and cultural backgrounds, cognitive diversity may not be effectively utilized in the information elaboration process, potentially yielding negative effects. Authentic leadership is recognized as a significant contributor to facilitating team processes including information processing, with various studies demonstrating its effectiveness. This study hypothesized that cognitive diversity negatively affects the information elaboration process, while authentic leadership has a positive effect. To test these hypotheses, we employed multilevel structural equation modeling analysis based on data collected from 375 respondents in 90 teams across various industries in Japan. The results showed that cognitive diversity negatively affects information elaboration at the individual level. By contrast, authentic leadership positively affects information elaboration at both individual and team levels. These findings suggest that the effect of cognitive diversity on information processing in the workplace may not always be positive, particularly in a sociocultural context that values homogeneity, as observed in Japanese organizations. This study advances the literature on authentic leadership by validating its effect on information elaboration and provides practical implications for diversity management. Additionally, it underscores the effectiveness of authentic leadership in leveraging team members' cognitive diversity to facilitate information elaboration.

Sports and mobile imperatives in the lives of rural youths

This paper explores the mobility processes of rural youths in relation to sports. The mobility imperative has its basis in the fact that rural youths must be mobile to gain access to the resources they need to shape their lives and create their own identities. The mobility imperative is analysed as a constellation of interrelated processes in which material inequalities, symbolic hierarchies and entanglements between bodies and places interact in a process that constitutes the mobility of young rural dwellers. This study is based on research conducted in a rural community in Sweden. We conducted interviews with eight individuals and one focus group. The analysis, inspired by biographical interviews framed according to a critical realist perspective, focused on the interviewees’ subjective experiences and how broader social structures affected these experiences. The results of the analysis indicate that mobility is an inevitable necessity for sports participation during childhood. The rural sport mobility imperative is an interaction of related processes, such as a limited supply of sports clubs and facilities, limited access to sports activities that are highly valued in contemporary youth culture and an affective conflict in establishing a connection to urban places for sport interactions.

How much conflict is too much? How frequent task conflict expressions affect angels’ reinvestment intention

PurposeThe aim of this study is to understand the levels (i.e. mild vs intense) of task conflict (TC) expressions between angel investors and entrepreneurs at the post-investment stage and how it affect angel investors’ follow-on investment intentions with the same entrepreneur.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data was gathered from 71 angel investors in China. Mplus was used to test the proposed research model.FindingsThis study found that angels perceive affective conflict (AC) when engaged in intense TC, unlike the case for mild TC expressions. Furthermore, the analysis shows that, unlike mild TC expressions, intense TC expressions impede angels’ reinvestment intentions when they perceive ACs. Other results indicate that when angels perceive that entrepreneurs are not open to coaching, the prominence of mild TC expression is sharply mitigated and becomes as detrimental as intense TC expressions.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only focused on one specific aspect of the angel–entrepreneur post-investment relationship: The effect of their TC expressions on angels’ reinvestment intentions. By no means do the authors imply that TC expression in the angel–entrepreneur post-investment relationship is the only factor that matters to angel investors in their follow-on investment intentions with the same entrepreneur.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that entrepreneurs should pay careful attention to TC that may arise between them and their financiers. TCs are not entirely detrimental, but their negative effect might depend on how they are expressed. An appropriate level of TC may also improve enterprise performance and collaboration. Thus, angels and entrepreneurs should set clear goals and performance standards, where task interactions mainly focus on the goals and expected outcomes.Originality/valuePrior to this study, little was known about whether all TCs potentially lead to ACs. By distinguishing between levels (i.e. mild vs intense) of TC expressions between angels and entrepreneurs, this study adds a novel aspect to it by showing that TC, in and of itself, does not necessarily lead to AC but can lead to AC once its intensity grows.

Coopetition relations, suppliers' effectuation, and manufacturers' green management: Evidence from China

AbstractThe coopetition perspective proposes that a firm's value creation relies on its ability to manage both cooperation and competition in supply chains. Recent theorizing in green supply chain management suggests that critical sustainability management practices may be affected by the coopetition relations between manufacturers and suppliers. We extend to study the coopetition perspective by verifying whether coopetition relations between manufacturers and suppliers, such as coopetition, cognitive, and affective conflict caused by competition, and the combination between cooperation and cognitive/affective conflict, impact a firm's ability and motivation to implement green management (GM). Furthermore, the coopetition perspective suggests that the effects of coopetition relations between two parties are enhanced when the coopetition relations match the salient partner's characteristics, a phenomenon regarded as coopetition fit. As a test of this idea, we prove how the role of coopetition relations is differently influenced by one such partner's characteristics, that is, the supplier's decision‐making logic. Our findings indicate that coopetition relations between manufacturers and suppliers have different effects on manufacturing firms' GM. We also have evidence that these relationships are moderated by effectuation.

When a smile is still a conflict: Affective conflicts from emotional facial expressions of ingroup or outgroup members occur irrespective of the social interaction context

Facial expressions play a crucial role in human interactions. Typically, a positive (negative) expression evokes a congruent positive (negative) reaction within the observer. This congruent behavior is inverted, however, when the same positive (negative) expression is displayed by an outgroup member. Two approaches provide an explanation for this phenomenon. The social intentions account proposes underlying social messages within the facial display, whereas the processing conflict account assumes an affective conflict triggered by incongruent combinations of emotion and the affective connotation of group membership. In three experiments, we aimed at further substantiating the processing conflict account by separating the affective conflict from potential social intentions. For this, we created a new paradigm, in which the participant was an outside observer of a social interaction scene between two faces. Participants were required to respond to the emotional target person that could represent an ingroup or outgroup member. In all three experiments, irrespective of any social intention, responses were consistently affected by the group relation between participant and emotional target, i.e., the affective (in)congruency of the target seen by participants. These results further support the processing conflict account. The implications for the two theoretical accounts are discussed.

The Association of Ethnic and American Identities with Psychological Well-Being among Latinx Emerging Adults: The Mediating Role of Bicultural Identity Integration.

Latinx emerging adults explore and commit to their ethnic and American identities which may influence their psychological well-being. However, it may not be the act of exploring and committing to their ethnic and American identities that influence emerging adults' psychological well-being; instead, it may be how they integrate both identities. To test this possibility, this study tested whether ethnic and American identity exploration and commitment were associated with psychological well-being by way of two bicultural identity integration processes (i.e., blendedness and harmony) among Latinx emerging adults. Data came from a year-long three-wave longitudinal study about stress and well-being among Latinx first-years (70% female; Mage = 18.20; SD = 0.51) with Wave 1 collected in Fall 2020, Wave 2 in Spring 2021, and Wave 3 in Fall 2021. Cross-sectional and longitudinal structural equation modeling suggest ethnic identity exploration and American identity commitment to be associated with psychological well-being by way of bicultural identity integration blendedness (i.e., perceived cognitive overlap between identities) and harmony (i.e., perceived affective conflict between identities). Results point to ethnic and American identity exploration and commitment being related with blendedness and harmony, which, in turn, were related with psychological well-being in the moment but not over time.

Conflict and control in cortical responses to inconsistent emotional signals in a face-word Stroop.

Social communication is fraught with ambiguity. Negotiating the social world requires interpreting the affective signals we receive and often selecting between channels of conflicting affective information. The affective face-word Stroop (AFWS) provides an experimental paradigm which may identify cognitive-affective control mechanisms underpinning essential social-affective skills. Initial functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of the AFWS identified right amygdala as driving this affective conflict and left rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) as the locus of conflict control. We employed electroencephalogram (EEG) and eLORETA source localization to investigate the timing, location, and sequence of control processes when responding to affective conflict generated during the AFWS. However we designated affective word as the response target and affective face as the distractor to maximize conflict and control effects. Reaction times showed slowed responses in high vs. low control conditions, corresponding to a Rabbitt type control effect rather than the previously observed Grattan effect. Control related activation occurred in right rACC 96-118 ms post-stimulus, corresponding to the resolution of the P1 peak in the Visual Evoked Potential (VEP). Face distractors elicit right hemisphere control, while word distractors elicit left hemisphere control. Low control trials require rapid "booting up" control resources observable through VEPs. Incongruent trial activity in right fusiform face area is suppressed 118-156 ms post stimulus corresponding to onset and development of the N170 VEP component. Results are consistent with a predicted sequence of rapid early amygdala activation by affective conflict, then rACC inhibition of amygdala decreasing facilitation of affective face processing (however, amygdala activity is not observable with EEG).

Spatiotemporal evidence uncovers differential neural activity patterns in cognitive and affective conflict control

Studies have shown that there are overlapping neural bases for cognitive and affective conflict control, but whether the neural activity patterns caused by the two types of conflict are similar remains to be explored. The present study utilizes electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to temporally and spatially analyze the differences between cognitive and affective conflict control. We employ a semantic conflict task which includes blocks of cognitive and affective judgements primed by conflicting and non-conflicting contexts. The results showed a typical neural conflict effect in the cognitive judgment blocks as reflected by greater amplitudes of P2, N400, and the late positive potential (LPP), as well as greater activation of the left pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in the conflict condition relative to the non-conflict condition. These patterns did not emerge in the affective judgments, but instead, showed reversed effects of the LPP and in the left SMA. Taken together, these findings suggest that cognitive and affective conflict control result in different neural activity patterns.

An auto-ethnography of confronting the transatlantic slavery discourses of Liverpool

This study explores the affective worlds of its two authors and our responses to personally significant moments when confronting the transatlantic slavery discourses of Liverpool. Inspired by non-representational thinking and the concept of affective atmosphere, we consider our traditional values and beliefs, rooted in the Chinese philosophical understanding of humanism, and reveal how these conflicted with the encountered slavery discourses and shaped the (non)representations of affective experience in slavery spaces. Our experiences suggest that affective encounters in these slavery spaces appear to represent a highly nuanced, complex and personalised assemblage of sensing, feeling and affecting, and some parts arrive much faster than our thoughts, reflections and rationalisation, but can be easily overlooked in verbal representations. This autoethnography further highlights the significance of visitors’ personal characteristics (identity, gender, bodily capacity, and cultural values), their interaction with multiple-sensory input in the setting and the rhythms of drifting, in shaping affective conflicts and reconciliations at the newly-encountered components, situations and relations. This study also offers practical implications in terms of experience design and the destination management of dark and slavery tourism sites. Our experiences provide novel insights into why and how tourists interact with and make sense of the designed setting and objects around them, which can further inform tourism managers about their visitors’ needs, motivations, desires and expectations. The findings and method of this study support the human-centered approach to dark tourism, suggesting that visitors’ experiences as human beings rather than simply as consumers can inform such design. We should not only consider visitors’ cognitive and emotional involvement in the place but also their embodied and deeper affective responses.

Network governance institutionalization: Creating mutual value by harnessing and avoiding conflicts in interorganizational networks

Interorganizational network governance provides a set of jointly shared principles that affect the interaction among the network actors, and ultimately, the value created in the network. Past research has focused on specific network governance mechanisms and the organizations enforcing those and has paid less attention to the degree of which those mechanisms are institutionalized in the network. To bridge this gap, we develop a conceptual model with regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive dimensions to network governance institutionalization. We hypothesize that these three dimensions have a role in facilitating or suppressing affective and cognitive conflicts, ultimately increasing or decreasing common network benefits. Testing our model on a sample of 145 firms in Germany, we find that affective conflicts are harmful for common network benefits, while cognitive conflicts are beneficial. Furthermore, we find that regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive governance dimensions each play a particular role in facilitating or suppressing both types of conflict.

헤어 전문가가 지각하는 블랙컨슈머 행동이 감정부조화, 자아존중감 및 이직의도와의 관계

This study attempted to investigate the relationships of black consumer behavior perceived by hair specialists with emotional dissonance, self-esteem and turnover intention. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed against a total of 404 hairdressers from across the country as of 2022. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM), and the results found the followings: First, concerning correlations between black consumer behavior perception factors and emotional dissonance, ‘aberrant behavior’, ‘authoritarian behavior’ and ‘deceitful behavior’ had a positive correlation with ‘acting emotion’ and ‘affective conflict’ with statistical significance. They also revealed a positive relation with turnover intention. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between black consumer and self-esteem. Second, according to hypothesis testing, Hypothesis 1 was supported because hair specialists’ perception of black consumer behavior showed a positive effect on emotional dissonance.&#x0D; Hypothesis 2 was rejected because hair specialists’ perception of black consumer behavior had no influence on self-esteem. Hypothesis 3 was accepted because hair specialists’ perception of black consumer behavior revealed a positive effect on turnover intention. Hypothesis 4 was rejected because hair specialists’ emotional dissonance had no influence on self-esteem. Lastly, Hypothesis 5 was adopted because hair specialists’ emotional dissonance showed a positive effect on turnover intention. It is anticipated that the above results would suggest a future direction for interactions between hairdressers and consumers.

Mediating Role of Intra-Team Conflict between Paternalistic Leadership and Decision-Making Quality among China University's CMT during COVID-19.

Universities across China have set up crisis management teams (CMTS) to deal with the crisis brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study focuses on how the paternalistic leadership practices of a Chinese university CMT influence crisis strategic decisions by managing conflict. These relationships were verified using hierarchical regression analysis on 312 samples from the surveyed university during the pandemic and found the following: benevolent leadership and moral leadership have positive effects on decision quality. However, unlike most studies on paternalistic leadership, in crisis situations, the negative effects of authoritarian leadership disappear under the mediating effect of affective conflict. This means that affective conflict within CMT fully mediates the relationship between authoritarian leadership and decision quality, and partially mediates the relationship between moral leadership and decision quality, while cognitive conflict partially mediates the relationship between benevolent leadership and crisis decision quality. It indicates that a CMT must stimulate and maintain a certain level of cognitive conflict while suppressing affective conflict to achieve high-quality crisis decision-making. This state can be achieved by practicing lower levels of authoritarian leadership and maintaining high levels of moral and benevolent leadership practices.

Effect of network position on inter-team conflict and project success in megaprojects

PurposeThis study investigates the impact of network positions on inter-team conflicts and project success in megaprojects.Design/methodology/approachNetwork position is measured with centrality and structural holes. Substantive conflict and affective conflict reflect inter-team conflicts. A questionnaire survey was implemented in Chinese megaprojects, and 309 valid questionnaires were collected. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping methods.FindingsThe results show that centrality negatively impacts project success, while the presence of a team in a structural hole has no significant impact on project success. Centrality is negatively related to substantive conflict and is positively related to affective conflict. The team in a structural hole has a positive effect on substantive conflict and a negative effect on affective conflict. Substantive conflict and affective conflict have positive and negative effects on project success, respectively. The effect of network position on project success is mediated by inter-team conflict.Research limitations/implicationsThis research provides a reference for megaproject managers to better conduct network governance, manage inter-team conflict, and successfully manage projects. The study did not investigate the effects of changes in teams' network positions on project success. Future research should explore this facet of megaprojects.Originality/valueThis research adds to existing research on network position, and reveals that project network governance is important for megaproject success. This provides a new direction for megaproject management. Furthermore, the results validate constructive and non-constructive roles and the mediating role of inter-team conflict. This complements the literature on conflict management, providing a reference for megaproject managers when managing inter-team conflict.

Under Psychological Safety Climate: The Beneficial Effects of Teacher-Student Conflict.

Previous studies have mainly focused on the negative effects of teacher–student conflict; the positive effects of conflict have rarely been mentioned. This paper suggests that encouraging conflict could act as a teaching method to improve students’ innovative competence. This study has two objectives: (1) to examine how various types of teacher–student conflict affects students’ innovative competence and (2) to identify the mediating role of a psychological safety climate in the association between conflict and students’ innovative competence. To achieve the objectives, we used evidence from 1207 university students. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that conflicts were associated with students’ innovative competence, and the mediation role of a psychological safety climate is significant. Specifically, the results revealed that Cognitive Conflict had significant positive effects on students’ innovative competence, whereas Affective Conflict had a significant negative effect on students’ innovative competence. In addition, we clarified a psychological safety climate as the boundary condition for the relationship between conflict and students’ innovative competence.

Influence of entrepreneurial ambidextrous leadership on ambidextrous innovation: An integrated model construction of ‘cognitive/affective’ composite perspective in Chinese context

BACKGROUND: China’s 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 clearly points out that it is necessary to implement innovation driven strategy, promote enterprise technological innovation, and better play the important role of entrepreneurs in enterprise technological innovation. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on enterprises’ technological innovation. OBJECTIVE: From the perspective of technological innovation stream, we divide ambidextrous innovation into mainstream innovation and new stream innovation. Integrating ambidexterity theory, innovation streams theory and cognitive affective personality system theory (CAPS), we explore the mediating mechanism of entrepreneurial ambidextrous leadership on ambidextrous innovation from cognitive path, affective path and cognitive-affective compound path. METHODS: Based on the data collected from 254 top managers in 12 provinces in China, we conducted descriptive statistical analysis, reliability and validity analysis, regression analysis and bootstrap mediating effect test on the sample data. RESULTS: Our empirical results revealed that: 1) entrepreneurial ambidextrous leadership positively related with the ambidextrous innovation; 2) organizational paradoxical cognition plays a partly mediating role between ambidextrous leadership and ambidextrous innovation; 3) organizational affective conflict plays a partly mediating role between ambidextrous leadership and ambidextrous innovation; 4) organizational paradoxical cognition negatively related with organizational affective conflict; 5) organizational paradoxical cognition and organizational affective conflict play a chain mediating role between entrepreneurial ambidextrous leadership and ambidextrous innovation. CONCLUSIONS: Combined with the cognitive affective personality system theory, our research explores the mediating mechanism of entrepreneurial ambidextrous leadership on ambidextrous innovation from cognitive path and affective path and “cognitive-affective” compound path, which not only have great theoretical contributions, but also have important significance in enterprise management practice.

TMT conflict, organizational structure, and entrepreneurial orientation: An attention-based view

Drawing on the attention-based view, this study investigates the linkage of top management team (TMT) conflict to entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and the moderating effect of organizational structure in terms of formalization and centralization on the linkage. It finds that TMT cognitive conflict is positively related to EO, while affective conflict is negatively related to it. Furthermore, formalization positively moderates the linkage of TMT cognitive conflict to EO, while negatively moderates the negative linkage of TMT affective conflict to EO. Moreover, centralization does not significantly moderate the linkage of either TMT cognitive or affective conflict to EO. This study enriches our knowledge of the antecedents of EO, improves our understanding of the value of TMT conflict by distinguishing between TMT cognitive conflict and affective conflict, and introduces a novel insight—the attention-based view—to elaborate the TMT conflict-EO linkage.

Causes of intra-organization conflict: Telecommuting triggered by the epidemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has made many companies in China adopting telecommuting to continue their operations. Like traditional office work, telecommuting requires communication and cooperation to complete the work, and getting along with others means the possibility of conflict. Therefore, conflict can also occur in telecommuting. The purpose of this paper is to analyze telecommuting based on conflict process theory and build a model to test the hypothesis. Quota sampling and convenience sampling are used to conduct online questionnaires, and quantitative research methods are used to analyze the collected data and provide solutions. To this end, 282 Chinese respondents from different service industries completed online questionnaires. Through empirical analysis, the results show that telecommuting has a significant negative relationship with inter-role conflict and interpersonal conflict but has a significant positive effect on stress. In addition, interpersonal conflict, stress, and inter-role conflict have significant positive impacts on affective conflict. Similarly, interpersonal conflict and stress have significant positive effects on cognitive conflict. However, the relationship between inter-role conflict and cognitive conflict, cognitive conflict, and affective conflict is not significant. Thus, the results provide suggestions for managers on how to manage telecommuters and key factors that need to be considered. It also provides a new way for other scholars to study telecommuting. Acknowledgments We thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.