Affective Component Of Attitudes Research Articles

Tasting to preserve: An educational activity to promote children's positive attitudes towards intraspecific diversity conservation.

On the edge of causing the sixth big mass extinction event, the development of positive attitudes towards the conservation of intraspecific diversity from early ages is essential to overcome the biodiversity crisis we currently face. However, there is no information available on elementary school students' attitudes toward intraspecific diversity conservation nor is there a framework available to perform such analysis. For this study we designed, implemented, and evaluated an educational activity planned for third graders (8 to 13 years old) to explore the intraspecific diversity of vegetables and promote healthy eating habits. Additionally, a framework was developed to evaluate students' attitudes towards intraspecific diversity conservation and applied to semi-structured interviews conducted with students before and after engaging in the educational activity. In this paper we present a reliable framework, developed aligned with the ABC model of attitudes, based on literature, and adapted to elementary school students' responses, to evaluate students' attitudes toward intraspecific diversity. Our results show that, before the educational activity, most students choose a non-biodiverse option, justifying this choice with the affective component of attitudes: mostly emotional factors but also aesthetic and social/cultural factors. After the educational activity, we observed a significant increase in the frequency of students that choose the biodiverse option and that justified it with the cognitive component of attitudes: mainly with biology and health knowledge factors, but also with economic and ethical knowledge factors. Our findings support the positive impact of educational activities that explore vegetable varieties on students' attitudes toward intraspecific diversity conservation. This activity may also be used to foster education for sustainability and address socioscientific issues aligned with diverse sustainable development goals.

A59: The Influence of Chinese Junior Middle School Students' Expectancy-Value on Their Attitude Towards Physical Education Class

Purpose: Physical education is an important way to improve the sports skills and physical health level of Chinese junior middle school students, help students master sports health knowledge, and cultivate students' sports behavior. It is of great significance to improve the teaching quality of physical education class and solve the practical problem that students like physical education but don't enjoy having physical education class by improving students' expectancy-value of physical education class and correcting students' attitude toward PE (physical education) class. Therefore, to explore the differences between the expectancy-value and attitude of different types of students participating in physical education class, and to clarify the impact of the expectancy-value of different types of students on their attitude toward PE class, can provide a reference for the classified optimization of the expectancy-value and attitude of junior high school students in physical education. Methods: A questionnaire was collected from 2809 Chinese junior middle school students, with an average age of 13.37 years. Among them, 1397 boys and 1412 girls; There are 1010 students in urban schools and 1799 students in rural schools. The contents of the survey include students' age, gender, grade, school type (urban or rural) and other demographic variables, as well as students' expectancy-value and attitude towards PE. The expected value was measured by the Expectancy Value Questionnaire, which includes two dimensions: expectancy beliefs for success and perceived task values (attainment value, intrinsic/interest value, utility value). The construct validity of the questionnaire exceeds 0.90. The attitude toward PE class was measured by the Attitude toward Physical Education Questionnaire for Middle School Students, which includes two dimensions: affective component (α=. 89) and cognitive component (α= .86). Using SPSS 25.0 software, using ANOVA, correlation analysis and regression analysis and other statistical analysis methods, this paper analyzes the differences and effects of different types of junior high school students' expectancy-value on their attitude towards PE class, as well as the moderating effects of demographic variables. Results: (1) The total score of expectancy-value (F=82.45, p < 0.001), total score of attitude toward PE class (F=93.43, p < 0.001) and scores of each dimension of junior middle school boys were significantly higher than those of girls; (2) The scores of rural students' expectancy beliefs for success (F=4.84, p < 0.05), perceived task values (F=7.01, p < 0.01), and affective component of attitude toward PE class (F=5.05, p < 0.05) were significantly higher than those of urban students; (3) There are significant differences in the total score of the expectancy-value (F=8.24, p < 0.001), the score of the expectancy beliefs for success (F=13.74, p < 0.001), the score of the perceived task values (F=8.35, p < 0.001), the total score of the attitude towards PE class (F=5.64, p < 0.01), and the score of the affective component (F=8.04, p <0.001) of the students in Grade one, Grade two, and Grade three. (4) The expectancy-value of physical education of junior high school students can significantly predict their attitudes towards PE class, which is mainly reflected in the predictive effect of perceived task values on the affective component and cognitive component of attitude toward PE class and are moderated by school type (B=0.11, p < 0.01) and grade (B=0.09, p < 0.05). Conclusion: (1) The expectancy-value and attitude toward PE class of junior middle school boys are better than that of girls, the expectancy-value and attitude toward PE class of rural school students are better than those of urban school students, and the expectancy-value and attitude toward PE class of students in grade three are better than those in grade one and grade two; (2) The perceived task values of junior high school students has a predictive effect on the affective and cognitive component of the attitude towards PE class, and are positively moderated by the school type and grade.

Understanding Consumer Attitudes toward Cultured Meat: The Role of Online Media Framing

The widespread commercialization of cultured meat, produced from animal stem cells grown in vitro, faces significant challenges related to technical, regulatory, and social acceptability constraints. Despite advancements in knowledge, the acceptance of this innovation remains uncertain. Understanding individuals’ decision-making processes and interpretative patterns is crucial, with media framing playing a key role in shaping attitudes toward cultured meat adoption. This research, focusing on Twitter as a social media platform, examines the impact of media framing on consumer attitudes (cognitive, affective, and conative) regarding cultured meat. Qualitative (content analysis) and quantitative (MANOVA) analyses were conducted on 23,020 posts and 38,531 comments, selected based on media framing or containing relevant attitude components. This study reveals that media-framed posts significantly influence consumer attitudes compared to non-media-framed posts. While different types of media framing (ethical, intrinsic, informational, and belief) exhibit varying impacts on attitude components, posts combining ethical, intrinsic, and informational frames have a more substantial effect on cultured meat acceptability. The belief frame, particularly for the behavioral component, is equally influential. Consumer attitudes toward cultured meat are found to be ambivalent, considering the associated benefits and risks. Nevertheless, the affective component of attitude is notably influenced by posts featuring informational and ethical media frames. This study suggests implications for authorities and businesses, emphasizing the importance of differentiated education and marketing strategies. Advertising messages that combine ethical, intrinsic, and informational frames are recommended. Additionally, this study advocates for regulatory measures governing the production, marketing, and consumption of cultured meat to instill consumer confidence in the industry. By highlighting the significance of beliefs in cultured meat consumption behavior, this research points toward potential exploration of cultural and religious influences in future studies.

Analysis of a Second-Order Factor Model of Attitude Toward Mathematics

Based on a multidimensional definition of attitude, this study tested a second-order factor model of attitude toward mathematics using data from 1960 7th-grade students. This study found that students’ attitudes toward mathematics are identified with cognitive, affective, and behavioral factors. This study confirmed three hypotheses: the cognitive component of attitude toward mathematics is explained by students’ confidence in learning mathematics and their beliefs about the usefulness and importance of mathematics; the affective component of attitude toward mathematics is explained by their liking of mathematics and mathematics anxiety; and the behavioral component of attitude toward mathematics is explained by learner behaviors toward mathematics and the time they spent on mathematics at home. Moreover, the final model obtained through factor analysis revealed strong relationships between the three components of attitude and attitude toward mathematics.

Exploring Prosodic Pragmatics at Affective Level

This research work presents a conceptual framework to explore the interplay between intonation and emotional expressions that conveys pragmatic meaning of linguistic utterances. Theory of Affective Pragmatics (TAP), an innovative theory that functions parallel to speech act theory, is applied to introduce a conceptual framework to study prosodic pragmatics at a profound level. The affective component of attitude is introduced in the framework using Ostrom’s ABC model to comprehend affective pragmatics. For further study on this framework, quantitative research design is desirable to analyze data and the data is suggested to be obtained through emotional recordings from emotional prosody speech and transcripts (EPST). Praat as an apt tool recommended for the prosodic analysis of the data. This framework explains how intonation patterns signal unabridged emotions and feelings to understand speaker’s implied meaning. It elaborates the emotional expressions that convey pragmatic meaning to intellectualize affective pragmatics. It highlights some other facets that render affective pragmatics a new-fangled field of research. It has also been envisioned to broaden the scope of prosodic pragmatics as a distinctive research domain in linguistics. The framework is an application of TAP and provides grounds to researchers to understand prosodic pragmatics at a deeper level and to perform future researches in more effective ways. The research is unique in its essence as it offers a conceptual framework to explore affective component of attitude in prosodic pragmatics that has not yet been explored.

Bilingual children acting as language brokers in Italy: Their affective and cognitive attitudes about the practice

Aims and objectives: This paper sets out to examine Italian bilingual children’ attitudes about Child Language Brokering (CLB), with a focus on the perceived feelings (affective component of attitudes) and benefits (cognitive component of attitudes) related to CLB. The aim is to study the presence of any relationship between the affective and cognitive components of child language brokers’ attitudes, since they can affect the outcomes of CLB and their analysis can provide tools to reduce the stressors related to it. Methodology: A survey was carried out among 150 immigrant students attending vocational high schools in the Northern and Central regions of Italy. Demographic and linguistic data were processed by means of a descriptive analysis, while attitudinal scales were processed by means of both descriptive and inferential analysis. Findings: The results will show that the child language brokers who perceive stronger positive feelings about CLB also report stronger attitudes towards the benefits of the practice. Originality: Considering the lack of research examining child language brokers’ attitudes in Italy by means of attitude scales, and the lack of attention to the affective and cognitive dimensions of such attitudes, this study addresses this gap by investigating these two dimensions of CLB.

Student Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Wood and the Use of Wood as a Raw Material

There is much uncertainty about the attitude toward raw wood material use: Is the widerange use of unprocessed wood recommended or not? In our statistically representative questionnaire survey completed in Győr-Moson-County schools in Hungary, we aimed to discover which components of attitude determine the willingness of future energy users to use wood. A novelty of our study is that we investigated three components of attitude in the context of wood use, i.e., the cognitive, the affective, and the conative components. We used Decision Trees in statistics, hitherto unemployed in wood-related environmental education research, to predict the willingness to use the raw wood material. Our study is relevant to sustainable development and climate protection. Our results revealed that only one-third of participants provided an affirmative response to the question of whether they would use raw wood material. Furthermore, we found that the affective component of attitude is a stronger predictor than the cognitive component, with the conative component not being a predictor. In light of these results, we recommend popularizing forest programs since the attitude-changing effect of forest programs has been confirmed.

Mental Health and Wellbeing Impacts of Societal Attitudes Towards Forcibly Displaced Young People

Background: In less time than it takes to read this sentence, someone somewhere in the world will be forcibly displaced. With exponential increases in displacement likely to continue, research into the resettlement experiences and mental health of forcibly displaced people is essential. There is an abundance of research pertaining to the mental health and wellbeing of refugee populations and research that investigates societal attitudes towards refugees. However, there is a little research on the direct impacts of societal attitudes on the mental health and wellbeing of those from a refugee-like background, particularly young people.
 Method: This scoping review seeks to systematically explore the academic and grey literature around both positive and negative societal attitudes in host countries, and the subsequent positive and negative impacts on young people from a refugee-like background. The search strategy consists of synonyms for the four basic constructs (youth, displaced people, mental health, attitudes). Six scholarly databases and grey literature will be searched. To be included in the Review, papers must study the affective component of attitudes in host countries, as well as reporting on the mental health impacts on young people from a refugee-like background. Findings will be thematically analysed using NVivo and presented in the full Scoping Review.

Predictors of e-trust for Web-based travel intermediaries: a survey on Istanbul visitors

论网络旅游中介的网络信任的原因：调研伊斯坦布尔游客研究目的本论文旨在调研影响网络旅游中介（WBTIs）的游客网络信任的各项因子。认知与态度因素是形成游客的网络信任的重要方面。然而, 本论文旨在研究是否自我效能感对于WBTIs的网络信任构成重要的影响因子。研究设计/方法/途径本论文采用定量分析法。数据采用问卷形式采集, 样本人群为伊斯坦布尔/土耳其的游客, 他们通过网络旅游中介订购他们的旅程。本论文采用层次回归分析法来检测年龄/性别/使用年份, 自我效能感, 认知与态度因子, 在何种程度上影响旅游的网络信任感知。研究结果研究结果表明, 自我效能感, 态度成分, 以及人口统计变量, 解释了WBTIs网络信任的45%变量方差。除了态度因子, 系我效能对于网络信任起到显著的促进作用。研究原创性/价值本论文的特别之处在于其使用了层次回归分析法检测了是否自我效能感对于影响网络信任, 同时又检验了各种预测变量作用的大小层次。因此, 每个信任预测因子的作用大小可以根据其对预测方差的大小比较来判断。本论文提出社会认知理论对理解在线旅游行为的网络信任有着显著帮助。

Teaching changes interest and attitudes of students towards bedbugs

ABSTRACT Parasites evoke an array of emotions that subsequently can govern our action as well as our precautionary measures. If parasites are unknown, an important question is how people can be educated about this parasite. Bedbugs are blood-sucking human parasites that (i) stigmatise hosts, (ii) are hardly correctly identified by people in the western world and (iii) have seemingly undergone a huge resurgence. Here, we study how education influences students̕ beliefs and attitudes towards bedbugs. A biology lesson for students aged 14–16, where we showed living bedbugs and taught about their biology, served as a test. We measured pre- and post-test affective, behavioural and cognitive components of attitudes and interest. Learners showed a significantly higher post-test interest in bedbugs compared to pre-test interest. In the pre-test, 98% of learners did not identify the bedbug correctly and partly had wrong ideas about the reasons for its spread. The post-test revealed a negative, and significantly reduced affective component of attitudes, compared to the pre-test. The behavioural component, expressed in proactive behaviour, increased significantly. These results show that teaching episodes sensibilise learners to bedbugs. This may be important to society to help reduce the stigmata unjustly associated with some human parasites.

Predicting Youngster’s Attitude towards Online Food Delivery

Attitude has been a very significant topic in the area of consumer research owing to the role it plays in the consumer decision making process. Literatures have identified various models that can measure attitude; for this research ABC model of attitude was used. The purpose of this study was to measure the attitude of respondents for OFD and their by analyzing the impact of each component of ABC model on Attitude creation. The data was collected from 368 youngsters using a structured questionnaire. Using SPSS 21, computer software the type of attitude was measured and for achieving second objective AMOS 21.0 software was used. Once the model fit was achieved using AMOS 21.0 the structured equation modeling was performed. The investigation revealed that youngsters have moderately positive attitude towards Online Food Delivery (OFD) and it was the affective component of attitude that had the highest influence on attitude creation. Keywords : Affective, Attitude, Behavioral, Cognitive, SEM * Navrachana University, Vasna - Bhayli Main Rd, Bhayli, Vadodara, Gujarat 391410, India ** Marwadi University, Rajkot-Morbi Highway, Road, Gauridad, Rajkot, Gujarat 360003, India https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.12.3.289-299

Alignment of the traditional approach to perceptions and attitudes with Mitcham’s philosophical framework of technology

According to Mitcham’s (Thinking through Technology, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1994) fourfold philosophical framework, technological knowledge and volition, with their origin within human beings, give rise to technological activities expressed as concrete technological objects. Technologies are associated with a wide array of volitional activities, drives, motivation, aspiration, intentions and choice. Subsequently, attitudes towards technology are integral to technology as volition, which is a characteristic of humanity. The use of Mitcham’s philosophical framework is becoming increasingly prevalent in technology education. Mitcham’s framework may have affordances for the current understanding of the perceptions and attitudes of pupils towards technology, which have been researched for just over three decades. It seems that the traditional approach to attitudes may resemble Mitcham’s framework in which technological knowledge (epistemology) and volition are prerequisites for technological activities (methodology), which result in technological objects (ontology). However, this resemblance has not been investigated and determined yet. The purpose of this article is twofold, namely to investigate the alignment of the traditional approach to perceptions and attitudes of students towards technology with technology’s four manifestations in Mitcham’s philosophical framework, as well as the justification for measuring the missing behavioural component of students’ attitudes. The research methodology followed for this conceptual article included a literature review and an analysis of the specific aspects measured by the mainstream Pupils’ Attitudes Towards Technology (PATT) instruments as well as new, non-related instruments to PATT studies. The specific aspects of the traditional approach, measured by these instruments, are related to Mitcham’s framework. Mitcham’s (1994) philosophical framework yielded fresh insights into the perceptions and attitudes of students towards technology and instruments for measuring these. It was found that the traditional approach to attitudes does resemble Mitcham’s philosophical framework. The mainstream PATT-NL instrument and its derivatives (i.e., PATT-USA and PATT-SQ) were aligned with the traditional approach to attitudes. These instruments have mainly been focusing on the cognitive and/or affective component of attitudes, neglecting the behavioural component. Except for the Human Being and Technology (HBT) questionnaire the closest that other instruments came to ascertaining the behavioural component (methodology or activities) was to measure readiness for action (e.g. the Attitudinal Technology Profile (ATP) questionnaire).

Español

The research is explanatory with no transactional experimental design, correlational- causal, the overall objective was to establish a descriptive model of academic performance in mathematics in secondary school female students, the specific objectives identified relationships and explaining the contribution of the cognitive and affective component of attitudes, functional and behavioral competencies of job performance, and classroom activities, compared to academic performance. The probabilistic sampling was not intentional. The sample group consisted of 792 students divided into 24 sections of five grades. The instruments used were Survey of student opinion on the teaching performance of teachers, the scale attitudes toward mathematics in middle and university education, the annual job performance evaluation of teachers, the Stallings test, and official records of evaluation. In the research, the correlations between the study variables, their factors, dimensions and components were determined; We also found eleven predictive models and a model of structural equations of covariations that contribute to the explanation of academic performance. These results indicate that the predictors of the opinion are: the obligations in class, the assessment, the program, the teacherstudent relationship and the evaluation, which together explain 90%; anxiety 50%, confidence 44%, motivation 37% and liking explain 70% of the variability of attitudes.

Reasons to Participate: The Role of Political Attitudes in Digital Activism

In this paper, we study the effects of political attitudes on digital activism. We operationalise political attitudes through three constructs used in classical political science studies: citizenship norms, institutional trust and psychological political engagement. In addition, following the social-psychological models of explanation of political conduct, we suggest the existence of a qualitative difference between the affective component of attitudes, which would coincide with psychological political engagement, and the cognitive component of attitudes, which are made up of political beliefs and values. The latter influences the former, which, in turn, has an influence on political conduct. To achieve our goals, we have analysed digital political participation in Spain. Our results support the qualitative differentiation between cognitive and affective components of attitudes; as a result, there is a clear need to study those political beliefs that specifically characterise digital activism.

Contenido racional VS contenido emocional en la Publicidad a través del Móvil

Advertising tries to find its place in the new consumer-centered paradigm for media communication. Consumers no longer are a uniform group, passive and powerless. Mobile technology has set some specific conditions that determine this particular sender-receiver relationship. In this context, there is a need for evidence about the effectiveness of traditional advertising strategies in this rather new channel. This study explores the relationship between the relevance of rational or emotional mobile advertising contents and the product’s target cognitive and affective attitude components. An experiment was carried out in which two types of short messages (rational/emotional) advertising an eBook were sent to two groups of participants, and questions about its content were asked through an online questionnaire. Participants had been previously screened according their new role in the communication process. Results indicate that the cognitive processing component is significantly better rated than the affective component. Thus the rational strategy is more effective than the emotional one when talking about mobile advertising.

High-intensity interval exercise training for public health: a big HIT or shall we HIT it on the head?

BackgroundThe efficacy of high-intensity interval training for a broad spectrum of cardio-metabolic health outcomes is not in question. Rather, the effectiveness of this form of exercise is at stake. In this paper we debate the issues concerning the likely success or failure of high-intensity interval training interventions for population-level health promotion.DiscussionBiddle maintains that high-intensity interval training cannot be a viable public health strategy as it will not be adopted or maintained by many people. This conclusion is based on an analysis of perceptions of competence, the psychologically aversive nature of high-intensity exercise, the affective component of attitudes, the less conscious elements of motivated behaviour that reflect our likes and dislikes, and analysis using the RE-AIM framework. Batterham argues that this appraisal is based on a constrained and outmoded definition of high-intensity interval training and that truly practical and scalable protocols have been - and continue to be - developed. He contends that the purported displeasure associated with this type of exercise has been overstated. Biddle suggests that the way forward is to help the least active become more active rather than the already active to do more. Batterham claims that traditional physical activity promotion has been a spectacular failure. He proposes that, within an evolutionary health promotion framework, high-intensity interval training could be a successful population strategy for producing rapid physiological adaptations benefiting public health, independent of changes in total physical activity energy expenditure.SummaryBiddle recommends that we focus our attention elsewhere if we want population-level gains in physical activity impacting public health. His conclusion is based on his belief that high-intensity interval training interventions will have limited reach, effectiveness, and adoption, and poor implementation and maintenance. In contrast, Batterham maintains that there is genuine potential for scalable, enjoyable high-intensity interval exercise interventions to contribute substantially to addressing areas of public health priority, including prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Attitudes of individuals with visual impairments towards distance education

The aims of this work were to examine the attitudes of individuals with visual impairments towards distance education (DE) and the relationships between attitudes and participants' personal characteristics. Forty-one adults with visual impairments, who ranged in age from 20 to 40, participated in this study. A self-constructed questionnaire measuring the attitudes towards DE was employed. The participants' answers revealed slightly positive emotions towards DE according to the affective component of attitudes, slightly positive attitudes when DE is compared with traditional education, and positive attitudes as far as the cognitive component of attitudes and participants' intention to participate in a DE programme were concerned. The elder participants seem to have more positive attitudes towards DE compared with younger participants. Furthermore, the greater the level of education, the more positive were the attitudes towards DE, and the greater the frequency of computer usage, the more positive were the attitudes towards DE. The analysis of the data collected revealed that the sample of individuals with visual impairments had slightly positive attitudes towards DE. Age, level of education, and frequency of computer usage were found to be significant predictors of the participants' attitudes.

Possible Effects of the Financial Crisis on Managers’ Attitudes to Older Workers

The article explores the possible short-term effects of the financial crisis in Norway on cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of managers’ attitudes to older workers. The quick shifts in business cycles in 2008 and 2009, i.e., the financial crisis, produced some immediate reactions among managers. In particular, the protection of older workers by downsizing (the seniority principle) gained less support within the first half year of the crisis; however, there was a return to the former level of support within the next half year. This pattern of change was observed in the private sector, while managers in the public sector changed attitudes on a smaller scale and in the direction of increased support for the seniority principle. The data are from the Norwegian Senior Policy Barometer where national samples of managers in private companies and in the public sector are interviewed. The study has a time series design with new samples (N=750) each year from 2003 to 2011. The cognitive component of attitudes was less affected by the financial crisis than the behavioral disposition mentioned above. The tendency was for more positive conceptions of older workers among managers in the public sector. In the private sector, the views of managers changed even less and in the opposite direction. An impact of more gradual business cycles is seen in the affective component of attitudes. Yet, older workers are among the least popular categories to recruit in both rising and falling cycles. The finding that managers in the private sector are more affected than managers in the less market-exposed public sector supports the possible effects of the financial crisis on attitudes to older workers. For senior policy, it is notable to keep track of long-term trends and not to be beset by short-term shifts in the need for older workers. Lasting effects of falling business cycles on the employment of older workers may be prevented by reinforcing a solid basis of realistic cognitions about older workers and by openness concerning affective aspects of aging and older workers.

Beyond Pleasure: Emotion Activity Affects the Relationship Between Attitudes and Behavior

The research examined an additional proposed moderator of the attitude-behavior relationship: the activity level of emotions associated with an attitude object. In Experiment 1, participants who self-generated active rather than passive emotions as being associated with gay men displayed greater attitude-behavior consistency in hiring recommendations for a gay job applicant, as did participants who rated active rather than passive experimenter-provided emotions as being associated with gay men. In Experiment 2, participants who were instructed to associate active rather than passive emotions with gay men subsequently displayed greater attitude-behavior consistency in similar hiring recommendations. It is suggested that future research on the affective component of attitudes might benefit from going beyond consideration of whether the associated emotions entail displeasure or pleasure.

Affective asynchrony and the measurement of the affective attitude component

How should the affective component of attitudes be conceptualised and measured? Three studies compared measures based on different conceptualisations. Affective attitudes can be: (1) holistic reactions to objects or responses derived from spontaneous images of the objects; (2) bipolar or unipolar in structure; and finally (3) discrete emotional evaluations (e.g., angry, happy) or more general valenced evaluations (e.g., good, bad). It is recommended that further research with self-reports of the affective component include the holistic, unipolar, discrete emotion (HUE) evaluative measures developed in this paper in combination with a holistic bipolar valenced evaluation measure. Our results also supported a hypothesised affective asynchrony effect. Specifically, an affective measure that required more deliberative thought reduced the correspondence between the affective component and intended behaviours/attitudes. Implications for how the affective component may be represented in memory and the impact of that representation on constructed attitudes are discussed briefly.