Affected Plant Height Research Articles

CsIREH1 phosphorylation regulates DELLA protein affecting plant height in cucumber (Cucumis sativus).

Plant height is a critical agronomic trait that affects crop yield, plant architecture, and environmental adaptability. Gibberellins (GAs) regulate plant height, with DELLA proteins acting as key repressors in the GA signaling pathway by inhibiting GA-induced growth. While DELLA phosphorylation is essential for regulating plant height, the precise mechanisms underlying this process remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identified a cucumber mutant with delayed growth, which exhibited reduced sensitivity to GA treatment. Through bulked segregant analysis (BSA-seq) combined with molecular marker linkage analysis, we successfully identified and cloned the gene responsible for the dwarf phenotype, CsIREH1 (INCOMPLETE ROOT HAIR ELONGATION 1), which encodes an AGC protein kinase. Further research revealed that CsIREH1 interacts with and phosphorylates DELLA proteins, specifically targeting CsGAIP and CsGAI2. We propose that IREH1-dependent phosphorylation of DELLA proteins prevents their excessive accumulation, thereby maintaining normal plant growth. Therefore, investigating the role of IREH1-mediated DELLA phosphorylation provides valuable insights and theoretical foundations for understanding how plants regulate growth mechanisms.

Genome-wide association study and transcriptome analysis reveal the genetic basis underlying the environmental adaptation of plant height in a woody plant

Studies on plant height have been conducted in several crops. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms in woody plants remain unclear. To improve the genetic understanding of plant height, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on the 298 individuals of paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), and the individuals with the highest and lowest plant heights were selected for comparative transcriptome analysis. The analysis of phenotypic data showed that plant height decreased from low latitude (N: 24°30′) to high latitude (N: 41°00′), ranging from 372 to 150 cm. Furthermore, the plant height of paper mulberry was significantly correlated with environmental factors, such as latitude, frost-free period, hours of sunshine and so on, indicating adaptive phenotypic divergence across environmental gradients. A total of 228 candidate genes were identified through the GWAS, including three genes (Bp10g0547, Bp10g0551 and Bp10g0817) that contained nonsynonymous SNP variations significantly affecting plant height. A total of 2554 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, including 28, 5, 3, 20 and 138 DEGs involved in auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ubiquitylation and transcription factors, respectively. Besides, there were 13 common genes identified by integrating GWAS and RNA-seq analysis, including Bp10g0817, which encodes COP1 (CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1) and belongs to the RING type E3 ubiquitin ligase gene family. Collectively, this study provides valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying plant height and adaptation of woody plants to diverse environments.

Effect of Deficit Irrigation at Different Growth Stages on the Yield and Water Productivity of Tomato at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center

Improving irrigation water management and increasing water productivity are critical to address future water scarcity in arid and semi-arid areas. A promising strategy is to maximize water productivity by exposing crops to a certain level of water stress. The experiment was conducted on-site at the Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center to study the effect of deficit irrigation at different growth stages on agronomic parameters as well as yield and yield components as well as water productivity of tomato plants. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of full and three-deficit irrigation with four plant growth stages. The results showed that the interaction effect between deficit irrigation and different plant growth stages significantly affected plant height, fruit height, fruit diameter, fruit yield and water productivity. The highest plant height (75.23 cm), fruit length (84.56 mm), fruit diameter (77.10 mm), marketable fruit yield (48.64 t/ha) and total fruit yield (50.09 t/ha) were obtained under continuous full irrigation achieves levels. While the lowest plant height (54.43 cm), fruit length (55.92 mm), fruit diameter (50.04 mm), marketable yield (22.51 tons/ha) and total yield (28.14 tons/ha) at 60% Etc achieved in the middle were stage treatment. The highest water productivity of 7.85 kg/ha was achieved with the application of 80% ETc in the late season, while the lowest (4.61 kg/ha) was achieved with 60% ETc in the middle treatment phase. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that applying 80% ETc deficit irrigation in the late season stage is the best solution for water conservation without affecting tomato yield while improving water productivity under water-stressed conditions.

Morphological characteristics of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) in Timor-Leste and their correlation with the climatic conditions

Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is native to the forests of Timor-Leste, with cultivation starting in 2017. This study examined the morphological characteristics and nutrient content of porang from six gardens across Timor-Leste, assessing relationships with climatic factors. Various morphological traits and climate variables, including elevation, were measured. Nutrient analysis of porang tubers utilized chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, while principal component analysis helped identify links between morphology, nutrient content, and abiotic factors. Despite some qualitative similarities, such as colour and leaf patterns, significant differences were noted in measurable traits. Findings indicated that environmental conditions significantly influenced porang growth. For instance, higher air humidity in the Bobonaro District positively affected plant height and canopy width. In contrast, elevated temperatures and soil conductivity in the Liquiça District influenced leaf venation. The Aileu District exhibited the highest bulbil abundance, while larger tubers were found in the Ermera District, which is at a higher elevation. The Manufahi District had rich organic carbon content, and porang in Manatuto, with higher soil pH, produced more bulbils. However, drought conditions in Manatuto led to moisture loss and partial tuber decay. The highest glucomannan concentration was found in tubers from Bobonaro (10.25%), followed by Liquiça (9.87%) and Ermera (9.81%). Overall, environmental factors like elevation, soil temperature, and humidity significantly impacted porang characteristics and yield.

Effect of Land Configuration and Rainfall on Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. under Saline Irrigation

Field experiment was conducted in Eastern Block Farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to evaluate the effect of land configuration and rainfall on growth and yield of pearl millet under saline water irrigation in summer, 2024. The study was carried out in split plot design with three main plots (flatbed (M1), ridges and furrows (M2) and raised bed paired row planting (M3)) along with four subplot treatments (direct sowing (S1), 10 Day Old Seedlings (DOS) (S2), 15 DOS (modified dapog) (S3) and 20 DOS (S4)) which was replicated thrice. Water availability is a critical factor in influencing the length of the growing period while water quality significantly influences crop growth and yield. Consequently, rainfall received during the growing period affects plant height, Leaf Area Index (LAI), effective tillers and yield. The cumulative rainfall received 208 mm in 22 days and with 10 rainy days during the crop growth period. Rainfall between 40 to 60 Days After Sowing/Planting (DAS/P) corresponded with Crop Growth Rate (CGR). Among main plot treatments, ridges and furrows (M2) recorded higher plant height (173 cm) and effective tillers (2.6) at harvest. Grain and stover yields (t ha-1) were also higher in ridges and furrows (M2) (3.31 and 6.12, respectively) which was statistically on par with raised bed paired row planting (M3) (3.31 and 6.12, respectively).

Effect of watering interval on growth and production of 2 maize (Zea mays L.) varieties in drought stressed media treated with chitosan

Abstract Maize is an important food source after rice, but its production is often hampered by drought stress. This study aimed to assess the effect of watering intervals on two maize varieties by applying chitosan from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) cocoon shell waste. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two treatment factors. The first factor was watering interval consisting of five levels: daily watering, no watering for 4, 8, 12, and 16 days. The second factor was maize variety, Bonanza F1 and Bisi-18. The results showed that the watering interval had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter at 7 weeks of age, cob weight, 100 seed weight, root volume and length, and time of female flower emergence. The treatment of Bonanza F1 and Bisi-18 varieties also had a significant effect on plant height at 7 weeks of planting, stem diameter at 6-7 weeks of planting, root volume, root length, female flowering time, cob weight and length. In addition, the interaction between watering interval and maize varieties significantly affected plant height, 100 seed weight, cob length, root volume, root length, and time to female flower emergence.

Growing Media pH and Nutrient Concentrations for Fostering the Propagation and Production of Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.)

The lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), recognized for its nutritional value and adaptability to cold climates, faces cultivation challenges, particularly in soil pH and fertility optimization. In a greenhouse study, lingonberry transplants were grown in media with pH levels of 6.5 (3:1:1 PRO-MIX BX/peat moss/perlite) and 5.2 (2:1 peat moss/perlite). Seven months post-exposure to different media pH, various fertility treatments (NPK) were tested, including a control (0–0–0), a balanced 5–5–5 kg ha−1 rate, a standard 36–24–48 kg ha−1 rate, and both higher (up to 54–36–72 kg ha−1) and lower (down to 9–6–12 kg ha−1) rates, applied every three weeks for fifteen weeks across six replications with a standard micronutrient rate. Results showed that media pH significantly affected plant height and volume, with plants at pH 6.5 growing 27% taller and larger than plants at pH 5.2. Fertility levels influenced plant volume, peaking at a moderate fertility rate (18–12–24 kg ha−1) before declining at higher rates. Interactions between pH and fertility significantly impacted shoot biomass, where higher fertility rates (above 36–24–48 kg ha−1) had a more pronounced negative effect on shoot biomass at pH 6.5 compared to pH 5.2. Root dry biomass was consistently 1.2–2.3 times greater than shoot dry biomass and less influenced by the treatments. Shoot death rates increased sharply at fertility rates above 18–12–24 kg ha−1, peaking at 21–35%. Nitrogen concentration in shoots and roots increased with higher fertilizer rates, peaking at 1.74% in the 45–30–60 kg ha−1 treatment. Fertility treatments raised growing media’s electrical conductivity (EC, 1:20 ratio), with a maximum of 1.41 dS m−1 in the 54–36–72 kg ha−1 treatment, though pH remained unchanged. Growing media nitrate levels increased with higher N rates, while ammonium levels were unaffected. Shoot death rates rose significantly with higher nitrate concentrations, particularly above 17.5 mg L−1, but showed no link to ammonium levels. Lingonberries can survive and thrive across a wide range of pH levels. These results indicate that lingonberries are resilient and low maintenance, requiring modest nutrient levels, and excessive fertilization hampers their growth.

Morfologi Terung (Solanum melongena L.) Pada Berbagai Dosis Biochar Sekam Padi dan Penambahan Pupuk Organik Cair

Eggplant production in Indonesia remains relatively low and has not been able to meet market demands. Long-term use of inorganic fertilizers has led to declining organic matter content in soil, soil degradation, and environmental pollution. To address these issues, agricultural waste such as rice husk can be converted into charcoal or biochar to improve soil quality degraded by excessive use of chemical fertilizers. In addition to biochar as organic material, other organic inputs like liquid organic fertilizer can potentially improve soil physical properties. This research aims to determine the effect of giving rice husk biochar and the correct dose, to find out the effect of applying liquid organic fertilizer and the right concentration and to find out the interaction between giving rice husk biochar and liquid organic fertilizer on eggplant growth and production.The study employs a Randomized Block Design (RBD) factorial with 2 treatment factors. The first factor involves rice husk biochar application at 4 levels (A0: control, A1: 0.6 tons/ha or approximately 30 g/plant, A2: 1.2 tons/ha or approximately 60 g/plant, and A3: 1.8 tons/ha or approximately 90 g/plant). The second factor is liquid organic fertilizer application at 4 levels (B0: control, B1: 0.1 mg/l, B2: 0.3 mg/l, and B3: 0.5 mg/l). The results of the study indicate that rice husk biochar application can increase plant height and leaf number, the best dose for rice husk biochar is 90 g/plant.Application of liquid organic fertilizer has not been able to affect plant height and number of eggplant leaves. Keywords : eggplant, rice husk biochar, liquid organic fertilizer

The Interaction Effect of Nitrogen Levels on Growth Characteristic of Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

The present research work was carried at the Agronomy Farm, Department of Agronomy, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj) Faizabad (U.P.), during Rabi season of 2014-2015. This farm is located at a distance of 42 Km. from Faizabad district headquarters at Faizabad – Raibareilly road. The ANOVA of the research trail used a design: randomized block design (factorial) to evaluate growth traits, comprising of initial plant population, plant height (cm), number of shoots (m-2). The data indeed suggested that initial plant population was not significantly influenced by either variety levels or nitrogen levels. Contrastingly, the data showed that variety levels and nitrogen levels significantly affected plant height at 30, 60, 90 days after sowing (DAS) and at harvest. The number of shoots at 30 DAS was not affected significantly by variety levels and nitrogen levels in the data. In addition, Variety levels showed a significant effect on the shoot number at 60 and 90 DAS and also at harvest stage, while nitrogen levels did not show significant effects in growth attributes of wheat under study.

Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Abstract In a specific area, fertilizer application for a crop depends on the soil type and profitability. Optimizing chemical fertilizer utilization in crop production is crucial from an environmental and economic point of view. However, there is limited information available on the optimum NPSB fertilizer rate for the production of wheat and barley in the study area. Thus, the study aimed to establish area-specific NPSB (18.9% N, 16.44% P, 6.95% S, and 0.1% B) blended fertilizer rate recommendations for the optimal grain yield and profitability of wheat and barley. The field experiment was conducted in two locations in the 2021 and 2022 cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The nine treatments included 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 kg ha−1 NPSB fertilizer rates. Growth, yield, and yield component data in wheat and barley were collected from randomly selected individual plants and the net plot area. An economic analysis was conducted for grain yield using the procedure established by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. The analysis of variance results showed that blended fertilizer significantly (p < 0.01) affected plant height, number of productive tillers, spike length, number of kernels, thousand seed weight, biomass yield, grain yield, and harvest index traits. The application of a 150 kg ha−1 NPSB rate produced the highest grain yield (5419.0 kg ha−1) in wheat, whereas the application of a 125 kg ha−1 NPSB rate gave the maximum grain yield (4708.0 kg ha−1) in food barley. The economic analysis revealed that the application of a 150 kg ha−1 NPSB fertilizer rate for wheat gave the highest net benefits (309711.50 ETB ha−1) and marginal rate of return (MRR) (4096.96%), while the application of a 125 kg ha−1 NPSB fertilizer rate for barley obtained the highest net benefits (184424.00 ETB ha−1) and MRR (2195.39%). Therefore, to optimize the productivity and profitability of wheat and barley in the study area and similar agroecologies, farmers are recommended to use 150 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for wheat and 125 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for barley.

Determining Optimal Nitrogen Level and Soil test-based Phosphorus Calibration study for Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Dugda District, East Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Nutrient mining due to sub-optimal fertilizer use on one hand and unbalanced fertilizer use on the other have favored the emergence of multi-nutrient deficiency in Ethiopian soils. Therefore, the study was conducted on twenty-six farmers' fields in Dugda District of East Shewa Zone of Oromia, during the main cropping seasons of 2018-2020. These studies were conducted to determine the economically optimum rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the first year Phosphorus critical (Pc) and phosphorus requirement factor (Pf) in the second year respectively. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three levels of TSP (0, 100, and 200) kg ha-1 with six levels of nitrogen (0, 23, 46, 69 92, and 115) kg ha-1 that gave a total of eighteen treatments. However, in the second two consecutive years, the experiment was conducted to determine phosphorus critical (Pc) and phosphorus requirement factor (Pf), and the treatments consisted of six levels of phosphorus (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50) kg ha-1 combined with a single level of nitrogen (69 kg ha-1) that gave a total of seven treatments. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications and the gross plot size was 4 m x 5 m (20 m2) were used to determine optimum nitrogen in the first year and 4m x 5m (20 m2) and phosphorus critical (Pc) and also harvested from 4m2 plot areas. The analysis of variance indicated that Plant height, spike length, number of seeds per spike, biomass yield, and grain yield were highly significantly (p <0.01) influenced by the main effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates. However except for the number of seed per spike, TSP fertilizer significantly (p<0.05) affect plant height and the number of seed per spike as well as highly significantly (p <0.01) biomass and grain yield of bread wheat. The highest (68.76 cm) plant height, the highest (41.02) seed per spike, the highest (8867 kg ha-1) biomass, and the highest (3293 kg ha-1) grain yield were recorded by 200

Fine-mapping of a major QTL controlling plant height by BSA-seq and transcriptome sequencing in cotton.

GhSOT (GH_D05G3950) plays a negative role in regulating plant height development by modulating the GA signaling. Plant height is an important indicator affecting mechanical harvesting for cotton. Therefore, understanding the genes associated with the plant height is crucial for cotton breeding and production. In this study, we used bulk segregant analysis sequencing to identify a new quantitative trait locu (QTL) called qPH5.1, which is linked to plant height. Local QTL mapping using seven kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP) markers and linkage analysis successfully narrowed down qPH5.1 to ~ 0.34 Mb region harbored five candidate genes. Subsequently, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and examination of expression patterns revealed that GhSOT exhibited the highest likelihood of being the candidate gene responsible for the plant height at this locus. Seven SNP site variations were identified in the GhSOT promoter between the two parents, and Luciferase experiments confirmed that the promoter of GhSOT from cz3 enhances downstream gene expression more effectively. Additionally, suppression of GhSOT in cz3 resulted in the restoration of plant height, further emphasizing the functional significance of this gene. Application of exogenous gibberellin acid (GA) significantly restored plant height in cz3, as demonstrated by RNA-seq analysis and exogenous hormone treatment, which revealed alterations in genes associated with GA signaling pathways. These results reveal GhSOT is a key gene controlling plant height, which may affect plant height by regulating GA signaling.

The Effect of NASA Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Chicken Manure on the Growth of Sweet Corn Plants (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)

This research aims to determine the effect of a combination of NASA POC and chicken manure on the growth and production of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). The research used a Randomized Group Design (RAK) with two treatment factors. The first factor is the administration of NASA Liquid Organic Fertilizer (A) consisting of 4 treatment levels, namely: A0 = 0 ml/liter of water (control), A1 = 2 ml/liter of water, A2 = 4 ml/liter of water and A3 = 6 ml /liter of water. The second factor is the provision of chicken manure (B) consisting of 3 treatment levels, namely: B1 = 2.25 kg/plot (7.5 tons/ha), B2 = 4.50 kg/plot (15 tons/ha) and B3 = 6.75 kg/plot (22.5 tons/ha). The results showed that giving NASA POC up to 6 ml/l of water significantly increased plant height, ear length, ear weight per plot and total dissolved solids. Providing chicken manure up to 6.75 kg/plot significantly increased plant height, ear length, weight per plot and total soluble solids. The interaction between NASA POC and chicken manure did not significantly affect plant height, ear length, weight per plot, or total dissolved solids.

Strigolactone-gibberellin crosstalk mediated by a distant silencer fine-tunes plant height in upland cotton

Optimal plant height is crucial in modern agriculture, influencing lodging resistance and facilitating mechanized crop production. Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the most important fiber crop globally; however, the genetic basis underlying plant height remains largely unexplored. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study to identify a major locus controlling plant height (PH1) in upland cotton. This locus encodes gibberellin 2-oxidase 1A (GhPH1) and features a 1133-bp structural variation (PAVPH1) located approximately 16 kb upstream. The presence or absence of PAVPH1 influences the expression of GhPH1, thereby affecting plant height. Further analysis revealed that a gibberellin-regulating transcription factor (GhGARF) recognizes and binds to a specific CATTTG motif in both the GhPH1 promoter and PAVPH1. This interaction downregulates GhPH1, indicating that PAVPH1 functions as a distant upstream silencer. Intriguingly, we found that DWARF53 (D53), a key repressor of the strigolactone (SL) signaling pathway, directly interacts with GhGARF to inhibit its binding to targets. Moreover, we identified a previously unrecognized gibberellin-SL crosstalk mechanism mediated by the GhD53-GhGARF-GhPH1/PAVPH1 module, which is crucial for regulating plant height in upland cotton. These findings shed light on the genetic basis and gene interaction network underlying plant height, providing valuable insights for the development of semi-dwarf cotton varieties through precise modulation of GhPH1 expression.

Growth Response of Cocoa Seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) in several Combinations of Planting Media and Trichoderma sp. as Biological Fertilizer

Indonesia is the third largest cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) producing country in the world. In 2019 cocoa production in Lampung was 58,852 tons with a plantation area of 79,356 ha, in 2020 it was 58,623 tons with an area of 79,469 ha and in 2021 58,414 tons with an area of 77,174 ha. One of the reasons for this decline in production is plant pest organisms (OPT), namely fruit rot disease caused by the pathogen Pytophthora palmivora. Use of Trichoderma sp. can increase plant resistance and growth and act as a biological controller outside and inside the soil. The research was carried out on the grounds of the Lampung State Polytechnic from August to November 2023. This research aims to determine the effect of planting media and administration of Trichoderma sp. on the growth of cocoa seedlings. The method used was a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 4 treatments and 4 replications so that there were 16 experimental units. Treatment P0 consisted of: Top Soil (Control), P1 Top Soil + Compost Fertilizer (2:1), P2 Top Soil + Trichoderma sp. (50:1), P3 Top Soil + Compost + Trichoderma sp. (50:25:1). The results of the research on treatments P3, P2 and P1 affected plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter. The P3 treatment showed the best results for the variables plant height 39.50 cm, number of leaves 21.58 and leaf area 37.79 cm2. Treatment P2 showed the best results for the stem diameter variable of 0.66 cm.

Quality and resistance optimization of banana (Musa acuminata L.) vegetative seeds through the addition of indole butyric acid with biological agents induction against fusarium wilt disease intensity

Banana plants are a vital agricultural commodity in Indonesia, but Fusarium wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum) significantly hampers production. This research aims to improve the quality and resilience of vegetative banana seedlings by selecting superior seedlings and vegetative propagation techniques such as budding, shoot cutting, and tissue culture management. The research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial with a combination of two factors, namely the addition of IBA and biological agents, with nine treatment combinations and three replications. IBA treatment significantly affected the initial emergence of shoots and leaf area, with the best result from treatment Z2 (IBA concentration of 1.5 g/l). The biological agent factor treatment significantly affected plant height, lower stem diameter, number of leaves, and hypothetical vigor index, with the best value shown by treatment B1. The use of IBA and biological agents can optimize the quality and resilience of vegetative banana seedlings, aiding farmers in enhancing the productivity and quality of agricultural products sustainably.

THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (EFB) COMPOST AND N, P, K FERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF LOWLAND RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

The use of chemical fertilizers can cause environmental problems. A compost of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is one alternative to reducing chemical fertilizers used for rice (Oryza sativa L.). This research to determine the effect and obtain the best dose of OPEFB compost and N, P, K fertilizers in lowland rice Batang Piaman Variety was conducted in Padang Mutung Village, Kampar, for six months using a factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was three levels of OPEFB (0 t.ha-1, five t.ha-1, ten t.ha-1), and the second factor was four levels of fertilizer N, P and K (0-0-0 kg.ha-1, 125-75-25 kg.ha-1, 150-100-50 kg.ha-1, and 175-125-75 kg.ha-1 of Urea-TSP-KCl). The ANOVA results showed that the combination of various doses of EFB compost and N, P, and K fertilizers did not significantly affect plant height, the number of tillers, the number of productive tillers, heading days, the weight of 1,000 grains, and the harvest index. The combination of giving EFB compost at a dose of 10 t.ha-1 and Urea fertilizer 175 kg.ha-1 TSP 125 kg.ha-1increased the percentage of pithy grain to 93.91%, and the weight of dry milled grain is 2,023.3 g.4m-2.

Respon Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum Esculentum) Dengan Aplikasi PGPR

Vegetables like tomatoes are in high demand, grow in value annually, and are significant to the Indonesian economy. This study aims to determine the optimal PGPR type and its impact on tomato crop growth and yield. The study was carried out between November 2023 and February 2024. The research site at Green House is owned by the Faculty of Agriculture, PGRI University of Yogyakarta. This research method used a completely randomized design in three replications using multiple kinds of PGPR consisting of five levels: control, PGPR bamboo roots, PGPR sensitive plant roots, PGPR teakwood roots, and PGPR corn roots. The variables observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, fruit number, weight, and diameter. The data was evaluated using a real-scale analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test at a significant level of 5%. The result showed that the treatment of PGPR significantly affected plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, fruit number, weight, and diameter. The PGPR with sensitive plant root types had the best treatment for tomato growth and yield.

Effects of farmyard manure (FYM) and blended NPSB fertilizer rate on growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Gewata, Kaffa, southwest Ethiopia

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an essential crop for nutrition and food security and generating income to small-holder farmers in Ethiopia. Productivity of the crop is, however, limited by poor nutrient management practices and low soil fertility. In most parts of potato growing areas of Ethiopia, soil are deficient in macro (nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur) and micro nutrients (boron) which are known to affect production and productivity of potato. A field trail was accompanied to determine the growing response of potatoes ’Belete varieties’ to combine the treatment of farmyard manure and blended NPSB (nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur and boron) fertilizer at Gewata, southwest Ethiopia during 2019/2020 main cropping season. The variables are laid out four level of farmyard manure (0, 5, 10 and 15 t/ha) and four level of blended NPSB fertilizer (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg/ha). The treatments were organized in a completely randomized block design with three replications using a 4x4 factorial layout. SAS (version 9.4) was used for data were analyzed. The finding indicate that, combined application of FYM (farmyard manure) with NPSB significantly (p<0.01) affects plant height, average mass of tuber, number of marketable and unmarketable tuber per hill, and tuber yields per plot. It also significantly (p<0.05) influenced days to flowering, maturity, and tuber number per hill. The highest tuber weight (99.33 g), tuber number per hill (9.67), and yield (34.10 kg) per plot were recorded from the mixed fertilization of 15 t FYM with 150 kg/ha NPSB mineral nutrients. As a current finding, it can be stated that the combined use of FYM (15 t/ha) and NPSB blended fertilizer could improve potato growth and yield in the study area (150 kg/ha).

OsMYB14, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, regulates plant height through the control of hormone metabolism in rice

Plant growth must be regulated throughout the plant life cycle. The myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest TF families and is involved in metabolism, lignin biosynthesis, and developmental processes. Here, we showed that OsMYB14, a rice R2R3-MYB TF, was expressed in leaves and roots, especially in rice culm and panicles, and that it localized to the nucleus. Overexpression of OsMYB14 (OsMYB14-ox) in rice resulted in a 30% reduction in plant height compared to that of the wild type (WT), while the height of the osmyb14-knockout (osmyb14-ko) mutant generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system was not significantly different. Microscopic observations of the first internode revealed that the cell size did not differ significantly among the lines. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that genes associated with plant development, regulation, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and gibberellin (GA) and auxin metabolic processes were downregulated in the OsMYB14-ox line. Hormone quantitation revealed that inactive GA19 accumulated in OsMYB14-ox but not in the WT or knockout plants, suggesting that GA20 generation was repressed. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and IAA-aspartate accumulated in OsMYB14-ox and osmyb14-ko, respectively. Indeed, real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of OsGA20ox1, encoding GA20 oxidase 1, and OsGH3-2, encoding IAA-amido synthetase, was downregulated in OsMYB14-ox and upregulated in osmyb14-ko. A protein-binding microarray revealed the presence of a consensus DNA-binding sequence, the ACCTACC-like motif, in the promoters of the OsGA20ox1 and GA20ox2 genes. These results suggest that OsMYB14 may act as a negative regulator of biological processes affecting plant height in rice by regulating GA biosynthesis and auxin metabolism.