Affect Corporate Social Responsibility Research Articles

Embracing certainty in uncertain times: Macroeconomic uncertainty, third‐party assurance, and CSR performance

AbstractOur study investigates whether macro‐level uncertainty on the future economic prospects, referred to as macroeconomic uncertainty, affects corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Two competing theories, namely, the real options theory and the risk management theory, offer different perspectives on whether firms would increase or decrease their CSR performance in response to macroeconomic uncertainty. Existing literature documents inconclusive empirical evidence about this matter. Employing a novel and unbiased measure of macroeconomic uncertainty and drawing upon data from U.S. firms between 2006 and 2017, we find that CSR performance is negatively associated with macroeconomic uncertainty. We also document that the negative association between macro uncertainty and CSR performance is attenuated for firms that have their CSR reports independently assured by third‐party experts. The results are robust to controlling for firm characteristics, an alternative measure of macroeconomic uncertainty, and an alternative sample period excluding the 2008–2009 Financial Crisis.

Do female family managers affect corporate social responsibility in Chinese family firms?

ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between female family directorship and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the specific context of Chinese family firms. It explores the moderating influences of gender inequality, family ownership and economic policy uncertainty. Based on social role theory, we find that female family directorship is associated with a stronger commitment to external CSR engagement than to internal CSR. Moreover, gender inequality and family ownership attenuate the relationship between female family directorship and external CSR, while economic policy uncertainty enhances their impact on external CSR. Overall, we contribute to the literature at the intersection of family firms, female leadership, and corporate social responsibility.

Examining the Nexus of Governance, Firm’s Characteristics and CSR Disclosure in Highly Polluted Industries

This study seeks to examine the effect of corporate governance and firm’s characteristics on corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) of highly polluted industries. The sample of this study consisted of 250 data from 125 companies of basic material, chemicals, and energy sectors listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020-2021. The result shows that ownership concentration has a negative effect on CSR disclosure. Audit committee and firm’s size positively affect corporate social responsibility disclosure. Meanwhile, the board size and leverage do not affect CSR disclosure. This study provides policy implications to identify governance systems and firm’s characteristics at increasing CSR awareness. The paper highlights the research context of the highly polluted industry, indicating a specific sector with unique challenges and implications for CSR. By focusing on these industries, the research aims to provide insights into opportunities associated with CSR disclosure in highly polluting sectors.

Factors Affecting the Social Responsibility Declaration Activities of Joint Stock Companies in the Consumer Goods Industry in Vietnam

Objective: The article points out that there are nine factors that affect the social responsibility declaration activities of enterprises. Research method: The article uses qualitative methods combined with quantitative methods, through an investigation of 127 joint stock companies in the consumer goods industry on the HOSE, HNX and UpCom exchanges in the period 2018-2020, the method purposive stratified random sampling method. The survey results were used to synthesize and analyze the results of the OLS linear regression model. Research results: the authors estimated and tested the correlation of 9 factors affecting corporate social responsibility declaration activities in descending order including: (1) Audit quality, ( 2) Number of meetings of the board of directors, (3) Size of the enterprise, (4) Concurrentity of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, (5) Age of the enterprise, (6) Percentage of female members on the Board of Directors,( 7) Profit ratio of the Enterprise, (8) Independence of Board members, (9) Financial leverage. Discussion of research results: Completing the legal framework for social responsibility declaration activities in Vietnam. Strictly handle violations of information disclosure activities on the stock market. Increase this administrative fine by a fine calculated based on the percentage of violation level for each information disclosure category to deter violations.

Exploring the multifaced influencing factors of corporate social responsibility in Chinese-listed manufacturing enterprises

Although scholars have conducted research on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of Chinese firms from different perspectives, there has been no unified conclusion so far. Therefore, identifying the factors that influence CSR in Chinese enterprises is an important topic for further investigation. Does the debt leverage ratio, ownership type, degree of internationalization (DOI), and auditing by the Big Four accounting firms have an impact on CSR? Based on a series of questions, our study aims to explore the influencing factors and relationships of CSR from multiple angles. Using data from 252 Chinese A-share listed enterprises from 2014 to 2019 and the CSR scores from the Hexun.com rating index, we constructed a panel dataset comprising 1,414 firm-year observations. After comparing models, the fixed effects method of panel data is ultimately used for empirical regression. The research results indicate a significant negative correlation between the leverage ratio and CSR. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) outperform non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) in terms of CSR. There is a significant positive correlation between DOI and CSR. However, the contribution of audits by the Big Four accounting firms to CSR in Chinese enterprises is limited. While our study examines many aspects of the elements that affect corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Chinese companies, each firm must consider its circumstances and apply suitable strategies to improve its CSR practices.

Examining several factors that influence corporate social responsibility disclosure

This study aims to analyze the impact of Company Size, Profitability, and Foreign Ownership on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure in mining companies listed on the Stock Exchange. Specifically, it aims to determine whether these factors significantly influence CSR disclosure. This study utilizes secondary data from the financial statements of mining companies listed on the IDX. Multiple linear regression analysis assesses the relationship between Company Size, Profitability, Foreign Ownership, and CSR Disclosure. The analysis aims to establish these factors' individual and combined effects on CSR disclosure in the mining industry. This study's findings indicate that the company's size positively influences CSR disclosure. Larger companies tend to exhibit higher levels of CSR disclosure. Additionally, profitability positively and significantly impacts CSR disclosure, suggesting that more profitable mining companies tend to disclose more about their social responsibility initiatives. The results also demonstrate that the ownership of foreign shares owned by the company positively influences CSR disclosure. As the ownership of foreign shares increases, the level of CSR disclosure also increases. Furthermore, the study concludes that when considering Company Size, Profitability, and Foreign Ownership, they collectively positively and significantly affect corporate social responsibility. This study contributes to the existing literature by examining the impact of Company Size, Profitability, and Foreign Ownership on CSR Disclosure, specifically in the mining sector. The findings provide insights into the factors that affect the extent of CSR disclosure, which can help mining companies and stakeholders enhance their understanding and awareness of social responsibility practices within the industry.

Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from directors' and officers' liability insurance

AbstractTheoretical theories underpin the governance effect of directors' and officers' (D&O) liability insurance include agency costs and stakeholder interests. Motivated by mixed evidence on the corporate governance effects of D&O, we ask whether and how the directors' and officers' (D&O) liability insurance affects corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance in China, one of the largest and fastest growing economies in the world. We develop two contrasting hypotheses: (1) supervision and incentives versus (2) opportunism. To test these hypotheses, we rely on Chinese A‐share market data and fixed effect panel regressions, along with a battery of robustness checks, including Heckman sample selection bias, two‐stage least square instrumental variable (2SLS‐IV), difference‐in‐difference (DiD), propensity score matching (PSM) analyses. Consistent with supervision and incentives hypotheses and stakeholder theory, we find that D&O liability insurance significantly increases firm's CSR performance and firms renewing D&O liability insurance with the same insurers tend to have better CSR performance. Two possible mechanisms supporting this positive relation between D&O liability insurance and CSR performance are information transparency and accounting conservatism. Aside from theoretical contributions, our findings offer important practical contributions such as promoting D&O as external governance and ensuring the functions of D&O insurance comprehensively and correctly understood. Integrating D&O insurance with CSR can be viewed as an important business strategy by mitigating risks, enhancing reputation, ensuring legal compliance, and supporting responsible decision‐making.

Does corporate governance affect corporate social responsibility?

Does corporate governance affect corporate social responsibility?

Institutional Cross-Ownership and Corporate Social Responsibility: Does Product Market Competition Matter?

This paper investigates the relationship between institutional cross‐ownership and corporate social responsibility and whether product market competition moderates this relationship. Based on a sample of French firms over 2001–2015, we found that institutional cross‐ownership positively affects corporate social responsibility. Our finding suggests that the monitoring experience gained by institutional cross‐owners leads them to increase corporate social responsibility by fostering industry coordination between cross-owned firms. This positive effect is less likely in highly competitive product markets which advocates that competitive pressure may make industry coordination more difficult. Cross-owned firms may then prioritize maintaining a profitable margin over pursuing corporate social responsibility activities.

Does Supplier Instability Affect Corporate Social Responsibility? A Theoretical and Empirical Study

Prior literature typically focuses on how corporate social responsibility (CSR) is affected by the external environment and firms’ characteristics but ignores features in the supply chain. To fill this gap, we provide theoretical and empirical analyses of the role of supplier instability in CSR engagement. Specifically, our game-theoretical model considers a two-echelon supply chain where an upstream supplier is unstable and a downstream retailer makes the CSR investment. The model generates several testable hypotheses as follows: 1) the effect of supplier instability on CSR engagement is negative; 2) supplier instability mainly affects internal CSR engagement; 3) the negative instability–CSR relationship decays with the increase of supplier instability; and 4) the instability–CSR effect is more pronounced under supplier-led Stackelberg structure than retailer-led Stackelberg structure. Using a sample of Chinese firms from 2010 to 2019, we verify the above hypotheses by providing concrete empirical evidence. Our empirical estimations are robust after using the Heckman selection model to solve the endogenous selection bias.

Geographic location and corporate social responsibility: urban versus non-urban firms

ABSTRACT This paper examines whether and how firm headquarters location affects corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Utilizing a propensity-score matched sample, we find that comparing to their urban counterparts, non-urban firms are less likely to spend resources on CSR programmes while exhibit a similar degree of socially irresponsible behaviour, resulting in a lower overall CSR score. Further analysis indicates that the availability of financial resources, public monitoring, and social capital mediate the relationship between firm location and CSR performance. Our research adds to the debate on CSR impetus by lending support to the economic incentive of CSR engagement and provides evidence of the social impact of location of corporate headquarters.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE AND OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE: MODERATING EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

Using environmental performance as a moderating variable, we examine how ownership structure affects corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSR Disclosure). With a population of 124 BEI manufacturing sector enterprises, data was gathered through the documentation method from annual reports for the 2017–2021 period. A purposive sample of 24 companies was selected for the sample. However, analytical methods like moderated regression analysis (MRA) are employed. The results demonstrate that while management ownership harms CSRD, institutional and public ownership have a favorable impact on CSR Disclosure. The impact of institutional and public ownership on CSR disclosure is well moderated by environmental performance; however, the influence of management ownership on CSR disclosure is not successfully moderated. The outcomes of the control variables show that firm size and profitability are significant. However, leverage shows an insignificant result.

How can regulators affect corporate social responsibility? Evidence from regulatory disclosures of consumer complaints in the U.S.

Regulators are increasingly seeking ways to incentivize firms to improve corporate social responsibility (CSR) while minimizing criticism of direct interventions in firm behavior. This study takes advantage of two exogenous regulatory shocks initiated by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) in the US. In 2011, the CFPB enabled the private filing of consumer complaints against financial firms, and in 2013, these complaints were publicly disclosed. Our findings reveal a positive association between consumer complaints and subsequent CSR performance of the targeted financial firms (referred to as focal firms). Notably, this association becomes significant only after the public disclosure of complaints. Furthermore, we observe a spillover effect on the CSR performance of non-focal firms operating in the same area as the focal firms. Collectively, these findings suggest that mandatory disclosure of consumer complaints is one effective regulatory strategy to motivate both focal and non-focal firms to enhance their CSR performance.

Does institutional ownership affect corporate social responsibility? Evidence from China

This paper assesses the correlation between institutional ownership and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Our results indicate that institutional ownership is positively associated with firms' CSR scores, which is largely driven by pressure-resistant institutions rather than pressure-sensitive institutions. Moreover, we find that the positive association is stronger for firms with state-owned, poorer initial CSR performance, and located in regions with a higher level of marketization. Further analyses imply that the beneficial effect on CSR scores has a smaller with an increase in institutional ownership concentration, whereas the strength of corporate governance can alleviate the damaging influence of institutional ownership on CSR performance. Finally, we identify two potential mechanisms through which institutional ownership affects CSR projects: Financial constraints and analyst attention.

Sustainability metrics of environmental sustainability in Iranian manufacturing sector: achieving through human resources.

The paper investigates the impact of green human resource management (GHRM) on operatives' green actions in Iranian businesses. GHRM is a human resource management approach that prioritizes environmental and social responsibility. The study uses a random sample of 385 managers and employees from Iran's industrialized businesses in all regions. The research uses partial least square structure equations modeling to evaluate the suggested framework. The results show that GHRM practices affect corporate social responsibility, green attitudes inside the workplace, and green activities taken by workers. In addition, a green mentality and a commitment to corporate social responsibility encourage environmental activities in the workplace. The green psychosocial environment and corporate social responsibilities are intermediaries between green human resources development and individual green behaviour in Iranian businesses. The study suggests that incorporating sustainability metrics into the human resource management system is vital for achieving a sustainable future in industrial development. The research has important implications for businesses around the world, particularly those in the manufacturing sector, by encouraging them to adopt more environmentally responsive methods, including reducing resource usage.

How Does Taxation Affect Corporate Social Responsibility? Evidence from a Korean Tax Reform

How Does Taxation Affect Corporate Social Responsibility? Evidence from a Korean Tax Reform

Subjective perception of economic policy uncertainty and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from China

While existing literature explores factors affecting corporate social responsibility (CSR) from various perspectives, the role of economic policy uncertainty perception has never been studied to our knowledge. In this paper, we study the effect of Chinese firms' subjective perception of economic policy uncertainty (SEPU) on their CSR engagement. Our model proves that SEPU reduces the benefits of maintaining relationships between shareholders and stakeholders, thus decreases corporate CSR engagement. This negative relationship is more pronounced for firms that are highly influenced by the government. We empirically examine these two predictions using the sample of Chinese A-share listed companies. We address endogenous concerns by using the US-China trade war as an exogenous uncertainty shock, and including a Bartik instrumental variable.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Capital Structure

Objective: We analyze the effects of capital structure influence on corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance, represented by the ESG score. Prior studies have investigated distinct factors to settle CSR adoption. Nonetheless, corporate social responsibility literature has not yet achieved common consent. Method: This study uses a quantitative research approach. We used a sample of listed companies from the United States of America, China, Japan, Germany, India, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Brazil, and Canada. Three estimators were applied in the regression model, OLS pooled, IV 2SLS, and GMM 2SLS. Results: Our findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between Capital Structure and CSR. Furthermore, we understand that the positive and statistically significant findings in the relationship between market value and corporate social responsibility index are because corporate social responsibility has an intangible asset in its constitution: the corporate reputation. Therefore, these results converge into accepting these practices, which generate a firm’s value, justifying the positive and significant association. Finally, it is essential to highlight that the variations found between countries, especially companies from nations with higher GDP, need a more substantial capital structure than smaller ones to obtain a positive CSR index. Contributions: The paper argues that the capital structure can be introduced related to adopting corporate social responsibility. It is worth noting that this research aims not to provide an optimal set of factors that affect corporate social responsibility practices but to highlight the intangible effect of corporate reputation generated by the capital structure that other studies can investigate.

Does local government debt affect corporate social responsibility? Evidence from China

We examine the influence of local government debt on local firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using a sample of Chinese public companies, we find that local government debt is negatively associated with local firms' CSR performance, indicating that government debt financing behaviour dampens firms' CSR engagement. Furthermore, the adverse influence of local government debt on CSR is particularly evident for non-state-owned enterprises and low-leverage firms. This article makes a contribution to CSR research by furnishing empirical evidence about the nexus between government debt and firms' CSR performance. Our study indicates that a company conditions social responsibility decisions on the availability of external financing resources, and local governments should be aware that excessive government debt generates an adverse impact on firms’ CSR fulfillment. This study is the first to explore the link between government debt and CSR, and the results help enrich our understanding of the determinants of CSR and the consequences of local government debt.

Bagaimana Gender, Risk, dan Media terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility?

This study focused to analyze relationship between gender diversity, risk minimization and media exposure on corporate social responsibility disclosure. In this study consists of independent variables, dependent variable and control variable. Researcher used profitability with ROA as proxy as a control variable in this study. Quantitative research in this study applied companies in the Basic Materials sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018-2021. Some criterions determined by researcher to obtain sample in this study. Non-probability sampling used in this study and researcher decided ten companies with a four-year observation period to obtain 40 observation units. Panel data regression as data analysis technique and used Eviews 12 software. The results of this study, simultaneously gender diversity, risk minimization and media exposure with the control variable profitability affect corporate social responsibility disclosure with a probability value (F-statistic) of 0.000078 <0.05 so that H01 is rejected and Ha1 is accepted.. Partially, that risk minimization and media exposure with the control variable profitability have a positive effect on corporate social responsibility disclosure with a probability value <0.05 so that H03 and H04 are rejected, it means that Ha3 and Ha4 are accepted. Meanwhile, gender diversity has no effect on the corporate social responsibility disclosure. This means that the presence of female board members in this percentage is still unable to influence corporate social responsibility disclosure.