Affect Alcohol Use Research Articles

Examining how the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic affected alcohol use in different socio-demographic groups in an Australian representative longitudinal sample.

Research examining how alcohol consumption changed across different socio-demographic groups during the pandemic has largely relied upon convenience samples recruited after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to measure whether the pandemic shifted alcohol consumption in different gender, age and income groups in Australia. This was a longitudinal study using four waves (2017-20) of the annual Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey to compare pre-pandemic consumption (2017-19) with consumption in 2020. A total of 11 636 participants in Australia aged 15 years and older took part. Participants were asked annually about their alcohol consumption, demographics and income. There was a statistically significant increase in alcohol consumption during the first year of the pandemic [incident rate ratio (IRR) = 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1, 1.1], largely driven by changes in drinking frequency. We found a significant difference in consumption change from pre-COVID-19 to during COVID-19 for participants aged under 55 years compared with those aged over 55 years. In addition, participants aged 15-34 reported less alcohol consumption during the pandemic than those aged 35 years and older. No significant differences were identified across gender and income groups. Alcohol consumption in Australia increased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey participants aged 55 years and over seemed to be the least impacted by the public health measures introduced during the pandemic, such as the closure of licensed premises.

The impacts of alcohol marketing and advertising, and the alcohol industry's views on marketing regulations: Systematic reviews of systematic reviews.

Advertising and marketing affect alcohol use; however, no single systematic review has covered all aspects of how they affect alcohol use, and how the alcohol industry views alcohol marketing restrictions. Two systematic reviews of reviews were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items on 2 February 2023. Results were analysed using a narrative synthesis approach. Twenty-three reviews were included in the systematic reviews. The first systematic review examined youth and adolescents (11 reviews), digital or internet marketing (3 reviews), alcohol marketing's impact on cognition (3 reviews), and alcohol marketing and policy options (2 reviews). The second systematic review focused on alcohol industry (i.e., importers, producers, distributors, retailers and advertising firms) response to advertising restrictions (four reviews). The reviews indicated that there is evidence that alcohol marketing (including digital marketing) is associated with increased intentions to drink, levels of consumption and harmful drinking among youth and young adults. Studies on cognition indicate that advertisements focusing on appealing contexts and outcomes may be more readily accepted by adolescents, and may be less easily extinguished in this population. The review of the alcohol industry found a strong desire to self-regulate alcohol advertising. We found alcohol advertising and marketing is associated with increased drinking intentions, consumption and harmful drinking. Thus, policies which restrict advertising may be an effective way to reduce alcohol use. More research is needed to assess all aspects of the observed associations, especially as to how marketing policies impact women and people with alcohol dependence.

Attachment, Mental Health, and Alcohol Use by Men: The Mediating Role of Cumulative Lifetime Violence Severity.

Cumulative lifetime violence (CLV) encompasses many different types and contexts of violence that occur across the lifespan and is associated with negative mental health outcomes in men; however, little attention has been paid to other factors that can influence these relationships such as attachment style. In this analysis, our focus is to understand how attachment styles directly and indirectly through CLV affect men's mental health, specifically depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol use. Data from 597 Canadian men with lifetime experiences of violence who participated in our national online survey focusing on violence and health were used for mediation analysis. Results indicated that CLV severity mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety (but not attachment avoidance) and depression, anxiety, PTSD, and alcohol use. Although attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance each directly affected depression, anxiety, and PTSD, neither directly affected alcohol use. Importantly, these findings provide the first evidence that the mechanism by which anxious attachment affects alcohol use is through CLV severity. These findings highlight the importance of anxious attachment on mental health outcomes for men who have experienced CLV.

Using causal mediation to examine self-efficacy as a mechanism through which continuing care interventions reduce alcohol use.

Understanding the causal mechanisms through which telephone and mobile health continuing care approaches reduce alcohol use can help develop more efficient interventions that effectively target these mechanisms. Self-efficacy for successfully coping with high-risk alcohol relapse situations is a theoretically and empirically supported mediator of alcohol treatment. This secondary analysis aims to examine self-efficacy as a mechanism through which remote-delivered continuing care interventions reduce alcohol use. The study included 262 adults (Mage = 46.9, SD = 7.4) who had completed 3 weeks of an intensive outpatient alcohol treatment program. The sample was predominantly male (71%), African American (82%), and completed a high school education (71%). The four-arm randomized clinical trial compared three active continuing care interventions (telephone monitoring and counseling [TMC], addiction comprehensive health enhancement support system [ACHESS], and combined delivery of TMC and ACHESS) to usual care and assessed longitudinal measures of alcohol use and self-efficacy. Analyses employed the potential outcomes framework and sensitivity analyses to address threats to causal inference resulting from an observed mediator variable. Relative to usual care, the two intervention conditions that included TMC reduced alcohol use through improvements to self-efficacy. There was no evidence that self-efficacy mediated the effect of ACHESS on alcohol use. Based on our findings, self-efficacy is an important mechanism through which telephone continuing care interventions affect alcohol use. Future research to identify which components of TMC influence self-efficacy and factors that mediate ACHESS effects could enhance the effectiveness of remote delivery of continuing care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Comparing Drinking Game Motives, Behaviors, and Consequences Among Varsity Athletes, Recreational Athletes, and Non-Student-Athletes: A Multisite University Study.

Among college students, student-athletes are at increased risk for heavy alcohol consumption, participation in risky drinking practices (e.g., playing drinking games [DG]), and adverse alcohol-related consequences relative to non-student-athletes. Within the student-athlete population, level of sports participation (e.g., recreational or varsity sports) can affect alcohol use behaviors and consequences, but our understanding of the extent to which level of sports participation influences engagement in DG is limited. Thus, in the present study, we examined differences in frequency of participation in DG, typical drink consumption while playing DG, negative DG consequences, and motives for playing DG among varsity, recreational, and non-student-athletes. College students (n = 7,901 across 12 U.S. colleges/universities) completed questionnaires on alcohol use attitudes, behaviors, and consequences. Student-athletes (recreational or varsity sports) were more likely to have participated in DG within the past month than non-student-athletes. Among students who reported past-month DG play, recreational athletes played more often and endorsed more enhancement/thrills motives for playing DG than non-student-athletes, and student-athletes (recreational or varsity) endorsed higher levels of competition motives for playing DG than non-student-athletes. These findings shed light on some risky drinking patterns and motives of recreational athletes who are often overlooked and under-resourced in health research and clinical practice. Recreational and varsity student-athletes could benefit from alcohol screening and prevention efforts, which can include provision of competitive and alcohol-free social activities and promotion of alcohol protective behavioral strategies to help reduce recreational athletes' risk for harm while playing DG.

Predicting Completion of Ecological Momentary Assessments Among Substance-Using Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence.

Noncompletion of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys is a common issue and may yield bias in results if not properly handled. Using data observed at scheduled times as well as data retrieved later to fill missing responses, this study aims to investigate predictors of EMA completion, including demographic characteristics, time-related factors, and momentary experiences/behaviors. Data were from a 30-day EMA study including 145 women currently experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and using substances. The average rate of EMA completion was initially 51.4% at the scheduled times and increased to 72.6% after incorporating data from later-retrieved surveys. Participants who were younger, had more children, or had lower mean levels of negative affect dysregulation showed lower completion rates. At the momentary survey level, more days into the study and afternoon/evening reports (vs. morning reports) were associated with lower completion; lower levels of negative affect dysregulation, less smoking or alcohol use, and experiencing IPV were linked to lower momentary completion. Implications of the results for handling missing data in EMA are discussed and have important ramifications for future research, practice, and theory.

Factors Inducing Alcohol Seeking Behaviors in Patients Dependent on Alcohol-A Case-control Analysis

Abstract Context: Alcohol use has increased to the extent that it has become a menace to society. There are certain external or social factors which linger an individual around alcohol despite efforts to cut its consumption. Furthermore, the ingrained factors as an individual’s personality and associated comorbid psychiatric disorders render alcohol-seeking behaviors. These factors further lead to problems in help-seeking, adjustment in society, and continuation of treatment. Although studies in the past have highlighted these risk factors, this study was conducted to understand the role of social factors, personality, and simultaneously occurring illness in patients of alcohol dependence with healthy controls. Aim: The aim of this study was to study the factors inducing alcohol-seeking behaviors in patients dependent on alcohol. Settings and Design: This case–control study was conducted among 100 male patients. It included 50 patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder and other 50 patients as healthy controls. Subjects and Methods: Participants were assessed clinically and the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale-Revised scale, Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview, and International Personality Disorder Evaluation scales were administered. Statistical Analysis: A Chi-square test was applied for the categorical variable. Univariate linear regression was done for the independent variable. Results: Marital status, occupation, and residential area significantly affect alcohol use behavior. Affective disorders (22%) were the most common comorbidity and dissocial personality disorders (24%) were most prevalent. Conclusions: While addressing the issues related to dependence a focused approach including social, biological, and psychological factors must be considered.

The Physical Condition and Lifestyle Dimensions on Physical Fitness among College Students

The physical health of male and female students at Guangdong Ocean University is generally satisfactory, with their body mass indexes clustered around normal levels, forming a bell curve distribution. When examining total physical fitness scores, male students peak during their sophomore year but decline in their junior year, while female students excel in their senior year but face challenges during their freshman year. Both genders grapple with malnutrition and obesity, with a higher incidence of malnutrition among female students and a greater prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity among males. In terms of lifestyle, students at Guangdong Ocean University lean towards healthy habits. Female students slightly outperform males, although the distinction is not significant. Both genders excel in internet use, interpersonal relationships, coping styles, hygiene, and study habits but struggle with eating and sleep quality. Notably, there are significant differences across five dimensions: sleep quality, study habits, physical exercise, tobacco and alcohol use, and coping styles. In these categories, males outperform females in physical exercise, internet use, and coping styles, while females fare better in tobacco and alcohol use, study habits, and sleep quality. Student lifestyles vary with academic progress. Those in lower grades exhibit healthier lifestyles, with sophomores achieving the highest scores and seniors the lowest. Overall, lifestyle scores tend to decrease as academic levels rise. Crucially, a significant correlation exists between students' physical fitness indicators and their lifestyle dimensions. A stepwise regression analysis was employed to examine the impact of lifestyle on physical condition, using physical form, function, and quality indexes as dependent variables and ten lifestyle dimensions as independent variables. Among male students, hygiene and physical exercise affect physical form, physical exercise, tobacco and alcohol use, and dietary habits influence physical function, while sleep quality, dietary habits, physical exercise, and tobacco and alcohol use impact physical quality. For female students, dietary habits, sleep quality, and physical exercise influence physical form, dietary habits and physical exercise affect physical function, and sleep quality, dietary habits, and physical exercise play a role in physical quality. This study sheds light on the health and lifestyles of Guangdong Ocean University students, highlighting gender disparities in physical fitness and lifestyle habits. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing these variations and tailoring interventions to enhance the overall well-being of the student population.

Alcohol intake and cause-specific mortality: conventional and genetic evidence in a prospective cohort study of 512 000 adults in China

Genetic variants that affect alcohol use in East Asian populations could help assess the causal effects of alcohol consumption on cause-specific mortality. We aimed to investigate the associations between alcohol intake and cause-specific mortality using conventional and genetic epidemiological methods among more than 512 000 adults in China. The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank cohort study enrolled 512 724 adults (210 205 men and 302 519 women) aged 30-79 years, during 2004-08. Residents with no major disabilities from ten diverse urban and rural areas of China were invited to participate, and alcohol use was self-reported. During 12 years of follow-up, 56 550 deaths were recorded through linkage to death registries, including 23 457 deaths among 168 050 participants genotyped for ALDH2-rs671 and ADH1B-rs1229984. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for cause-specific mortality by self-reported and genotype-predicted alcohol intake were estimated using Cox regression. 33% of men drank alcohol most weeks. In conventional observational analyses, ex-drinkers, non-drinkers, and heavy drinkers had higher risks of death from most major causes than moderate drinkers. Among current drinkers, each 100 g/week higher alcohol intake was associated with higher mortality risks from cancers (HR 1·18 [95% CI 1·14-1·22]), cardiovascular disease (CVD; HR 1·19 [1·15-1·24]), liver diseases (HR 1·51 [1·27-1·78]), non-medical causes (HR 1·15 [1·08-1·23]), and all causes (HR 1·18 [1·15-1·20]). In men, ALDH2-rs671 and ADH1B-rs1229984 genotypes predicted 60-fold differences in mean alcohol intake (4 g/week in the lowest group vs 255 g/week in the highest). Genotype-predicted alcohol intake was uniformly and positively associated with risks of death from all causes (n=12 939; HR 1·07 [95% CI 1·05-1·10]) and from pre-defined alcohol-related cancers (n=1274; 1·12 [1·04-1·21]), liver diseases (n=110; 1·31 [1·02-1·69]), and CVD (n=6109; 1·15 [1·10-1·19]), chiefly due to stroke (n=3285; 1·18 [1·12-1·24]) rather than ischaemic heart disease (n=2363; 1·06 [0·99-1·14]). Results were largely consistent using a polygenic score to predict alcohol intake, with higher intakes associated with higher risks of death from alcohol-related cancers, CVD, and all causes. Approximately 2% of women were current drinkers, and although power was low to assess observational associations of alcohol with mortality, the genetic evidence suggested that the excess risks in men were due to alcohol, not pleiotropy. Higher alcohol intake increased the risks of death overall and from major diseases for men in China. There was no genetic evidence of protection from moderate drinking for all-cause and cause-specific mortality, including CVD. Kadoorie Charitable Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, GlaxoSmithKline, Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology.

Lifetime and past-month alcohol use and related factors among female sex workers in Iran.

Alcohol use is more common among female sex workers (FSWs). This study assessed the prevalence of lifetime and past-month alcohol use and related factors among FSWs in Iran. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 1464 women from 8 major cities in Iran. Behavioral data were collected by trained interviewers and conducted face-to-face in a private room. Weighted analysis was used to determine the lifetime and past-month alcohol use prevalence. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association between alcohol use and independent variables. The most alcohol used in lifetime and past-month (weekly, less than once a week, and daily) in FSWs was 52.7% (12.25%, 12.94%, and 1.83%), respectively. In the final model, factors that were independently associated with alcohol use included the 31-40 years (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.13-5.15), education level of diploma (AOR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.31-4.51), history of lifetime drug use (AOR=2.79, 95% CI: 2.01-3.89), history of lifetime group sex (AOR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.41-3.03), history of intentional abortion (AOR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.06-1.92), six or more sexual clients in the last month (AOR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.80-5.87), history of lifetime anal sex (AOR=2.47, 95% CI: 1.82-3.35), and FSWs the married, temporarily married, and living with partner were positively associated with lifetime alcohol use. Alcohol use is prevalent among FSWs in Iran. Further prevention programs are needed to address and reduce harms associated with alcohol use among this vulnerable population in Iran. Designing intervention programs, it is suggested to consider other variables affecting alcohol use in FSWs.

The role of impulsivity in the relationship between affect and alcohol consumption in young adults.

Theoretical models of alcohol use posit that individuals consume alcohol to ameliorate negative affect or to heighten positive affect. It is important, however, to consider the influence of factors that may determine an individual's tendency to consume excessive amounts of alcohol under positive and negative circumstances. Thus, the current study examined a large sample of young adults to clarify whether positive and negative affect predict total alcohol consumption on drinking days and whether facets of impulsivity moderate these relationships. Six-hundred ninety-three young adults (Mage = 19.71 years, SD = 2.04; female = 62.9%) completed the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales at baseline followed by daily measures of positive and negative affect and self-reported alcohol use for 13 days. Generalized linear mixed models were specified to assess the role of pre-consumption affect on total drinks consumed across drinking days and to determine the moderating effect of each BIS/BAS subscale. Participants were significantly more likely to drink in greater quantities on occasions preceded by higher positive affect but not negative affect. While fun-seeking positively predicted total drinks consumed, there were no significant interaction effects between the BIS/BAS subscales and affect on total drinks consumed. These findings challenge existing affect regulation models and have implications for ecological momentary interventions aimed at addressing hazardous drinking behaviors.

Discrete emotions and global affect: Applying empirically driven approaches to experience sampling data to model state and trait affective structure and affect-alcohol use associations in a heavy drinking young-adult sample

Affective functioning is central to most contemporary models of alcohol use. However, the affective structure at the within- and between-person levels is rarely investigated nor is the differential predictive value of specific affect dimensions assessed across state and trait formats. We examined a) the structure of state and trait affect using experience sampling methodology (ESM) and b) predictive associations between the empirically derived affect facets and alcohol use. Participants were 92 heavy drinking college students aged 18–25 who completed 8 momentary assessments of their affect and drinking a day for 28-days. We found evidence for a single positive affect factor at both the within- (i.e., state) and between-person (i.e., trait) levels. We found a hierarchical factor structure for negative affect, represented by a general, superordinate dimension as well as facet-level sadness, anxiety, and anger dimensions. Associations between affect and alcohol use differed across trait and state levels and across specific types of negative affect. Lagged state positive affect and sadness as well as trait positive affect and sadness were inversely associated with drinking. Lagged state anxiety and trait general negative affect were positively associated with drinking. Thus, our study demonstrates how associations between drinking and affect can be studied in relation to general (e.g., general negative affect) and more specific aspects of affective experiences (e.g., sadness versus anxiety) concurrently within the same study and across trait and state levels of assessment.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol and tobacco consumption: Evidence from Peru

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced dramatic adversities for public health around the world, especially in low and middle-income countries. While research has shown the pandemic to have direct effects on a variety of major economic and health crises, its impact on health-related behaviors is not clear. In this paper, I examine how exposure to the pandemic affects alcohol use and smoking in Peru, which experienced one of the highest COVID-related death rates albeit implementing one of the strictest lockdown policies in the world. I find that post pandemic consumption of alcohol and smoking in the last 30 days decreases by 41.3% and 44.1% respectively when compared to pre-pandemic rates. I also conclude that the intensity of engaging in these behaviors change such that the frequency of consuming alcohol in the last 30 days, binge drinking and the probability of smoking daily falls. While drinking behavior returns to pre-pandemic levels, the negative effect on smoking weakens but remains for almost two years preceding the pandemic.

Alcohol consumption and its associated factors among adolescents in a rural community in central Thailand: a mixed-methods study

Early onset of alcohol use was associated with alcohol dependence and other health problems. We aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption among adolescents in a rural community in Thailand. A mixed-methods study was carried out in 2021 using an explanatory sequential design. The study enrolled a total of 413 adolescents. On average, young adolescents initiated alcohol consumption at age 13. The lifetime drinking prevalence among adolescents was 60.5%, while the 1-year drinking prevalence was 53.0%. The prevalence of hazardous drinking among current drinkers was 42.0%. Alcohol consumption was associated with females (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR): 1.19; 95% CI 1.01–1.41), age ≥ 16 years (APR: 1.28; 95% CI 1.09–1.50), having close friends consuming alcohol (APR: 1.75; 95% CI 1.43–2.14), night out (APR: 1.93; 95% CI 1.53–2.45), being a current smoker (APR: 1.39; 95% CI 1.15–1.69), and having relationship (with boyfriend/girlfriend) problems (APR: 1.18; 95% CI 1.01–1.38). Qualitative data demonstrated that individual and environmental factors, including friends, family, social media use, and alcohol accessibility, affect alcohol use in this population. Therefore, effective strategies should be implemented across multiple levels of the socio-ecological model simultaneously to alleviate alcohol consumption and attenuate its complications.

Everyday Discrimination and Alcohol use among Sexual Minority Adults in a U.S. National Probability Sample

Objective: Limited research assesses how sexual orientation and gender identity and expression (SOGIE)-based discrimination affects alcohol use above and beyond non-SOGIE-related discrimination and how this may differ for sexual minority subgroups. We examined if SOGIE-related discrimination is additive in affecting alcohol use above and beyond non-SOGIE-related discrimination and examined differences in alcohol use, everyday discrimination, and the attribution of discrimination by sex and sexual identity. Methods: A national probability sample of sexual minority adults in the United States was used (N = 1311, female = 56.4%). Bivariate sexual identity and sex-based differences in drinking frequency, heavy episodic drinking (HED), everyday discrimination, and the attribution of discrimination were assessed. Sexual identity and sex-stratified logistic regression models were estimated, where everyday discrimination and the attribution of discrimination predicted drinking frequency and HED. Results: Several differences by sex assigned at birth and sexual identity in drinking frequency, HED, everyday discrimination, and the attribution of discrimination were found in bivariate analyses. In logistic regression models, experiencing SOGIE-related in addition to other types of discrimination was associated with higher odds of HED only for gay males. No other associations were found for everyday discrimination or the attribution of discrimination with drinking frequency or HED. Conclusions: Findings suggest sex and sexual identity-based differences in everyday discrimination and the attribution of discrimination.

A study of factors affecting the alcohol consumption in Turkey

ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this study is to contribute to the decision-makers in terms of creating awareness to prevent and reduce the harmful consumption of alcohol by revealing sociodemographic, health-related, social and environmental indicators-related factors affecting the consumption of alcohol of individuals in Turkey, and sizes of the effect. We believe that the results will be useful these days in which the COVID 19 pandemic has helped us better understand the importance of our health. Method The data set obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute, was used by weighting. Factors affecting individuals’ alcohol consumption were determined using gompit regression analysis. Result It was determined that age, education level, marital status, employment status, health status, and psychosocial status indicators are important factors affecting alcohol use. Conclusion As a result of the study, it is recommended that decision-makers and policymakers develop alcohol consumption prevention policies for individuals between the ages of 25 and 64, men, university graduates, divorced-widowed-single individuals, individuals with psychosocial problems and receiving support.

Alcohol Use and Gambling Associated with Impulsivity among a Swedish University Sample.

Excessive alcohol use and gambling can have negative consequences. Across countries, the risk of excessive alcohol use is more common in university populations than in the general population. However, few studies have investigated the prevalence of both alcohol use and gambling in this group. This study explores these behaviours in a Swedish university setting. In addition, this study investigates how impulsivity affects alcohol use and gambling. In total, 794 Swedish students answered an online survey. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics to determine prevalence, and multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the contribution of impulsivity, age, and sex to alcohol use and gambling. Compared to the Swedish national prevalence, the prevalence was higher for excessive alcohol use, but the prevalence of gambling was at the same level or lower. High levels of impulsivity and male sex increased the risk of excessive alcohol use, while older age lowered the risk of excessive alcohol use and gambling. The results indicate that primarily young men could benefit from primary prevention in a university setting. Also, screening for impulsivity in men might be one way to identify risk groups in a university population.

Reward sensitivity and hazardous alcohol consumption in women: The parallel mediation effect of self-control and impulsivity traits

Introduction: Little research has been carried out on the associations between several individual factors and hazardous alcohol use in women. The aim of this study was first, to study the relationship between reward sensitivity (RS) and alcohol use in both women with and without hazardous drinking separately. Second, to explore the potential mediating roles of the impulsivity and self-control traits in this relationship. Method: The study was analytical and cross-sectional and included 645 female participants (mean age = 19.14; standard deviation (SD)=1.60). All women were divided into two groups (286, 44.3%, with hazardous drinking, HDW; and 359, 55.7%, with light drinking, LDW). Correlation analyses were carried out to explore the associations between the variables, and parallel mediation analyses were performed to investigate the potential mediating roles of impulsivity and self-control in the RS-alcohol use associations in each group separately. Results: A significant association was observed between RS and alcohol use in HDW, contrary to that observed in their counterparts. In addition, both higher impulsivity and less self-control mediated the association between RS and alcohol use only in HDW. Conclusions: Impulsivity and self-control differently affect alcohol use under the condition of high reward sensitivity, only in HDW, suggesting alterations of the dual top-down and bottom-up mechanisms and a possible imbalance between the competing reflexive and impulsive brain systems. More research is needed regarding the individual factors that affect women’s drinking to develop sensitive measures for the assessment of alcohol use and more efficient interventions for women.

No evidence for trait- and state-level urgency moderating the daily association between negative affect and subsequent alcohol use in two college samples.

It remains unclear whether the negative reinforcement pathway to problematic drinking exists, and if so, for whom. One idea that has received some support recently is that people who tend to act impulsively in response to negative emotions (i.e. people high in negative urgency) may specifically respond to negative affect with increased alcohol consumption. We tested this idea in a preregistered secondary data analysis of two ecological momentary assessment studies using college samples. Participants (N = 226) reported on their current affective state multiple times per day and also the following morning reported alcohol use of the previous night. We assessed urgency both at baseline and during the momentary affect assessments. Results from our Bayesian model comparison procedure, which penalises increasing model complexity, indicate that no combination of the variables of interest (negative affect, urgency, and the respective interactions) outperformed a baseline model that included two known demographic predictors of alcohol use. A non-preregistered exploratory analysis provided some evidence for the effect of daily positive affect, positive urgency, as well as their interaction on subsequent alcohol use. Taken together, our results suggest that college students’ drinking may be better described by a positive rather than negative reinforcement cycle.

P.0011 Factors affecting alcohol use during COVID-19 lockdown: a critical review

P.0011 Factors affecting alcohol use during COVID-19 lockdown: a critical review