Aesthetic Issues Research Articles

Management of gingival enlargement with orthodontic treatment- A case report

Gingival inflammation, fibrous outgrowth, or a combination of the two can result in gingival enlargement (GE), which has negative effects such as difficulties controlling plaque, difficulty chewing and speaking, as well as esthetic and psychological issues. Orthodontic treatment is one of the causes of gingival hypertrophy. A 20-year-old woman reported to the department of periodontics and oral implantology with a complaint of GE in relation to the front teeth. She was undergoing orthodontic treatment for treating tooth spacing in the anterior teeth. This article describes the treatment of this patient by gingivectomy to remove all extra gingival tissue. The fixed orthodontic treatment was continued with monthly periodontal checkups that were scheduled to control the gingival inflammation. The most crucial factor in successfully treating hyperplasia in patients receiving orthodontic treatment is teamwork between the periodontist and orthodontist.

О толковании художественного произведения

Author of the article focuses her attention to the issue of interpretation of works of art, including musical compositions. In works devoted to issues of aesthetics, philosophy and literary studies this issue is frequently elucidated in an abstract, sublime vein insinuating at the impossibility of total comprehension: a “trick” which “must be impenetrable to complete explanation by words” (Leo Tolstoy), “an unconsciously carried out mystery” or “the soul of the work of art” (Ivan Ilyin), or “the artistic world” possessing “inner unity” defined by the overall of a work of art or of an author, the style of a literary direction or “the style of the epoch” (Dmitri Likhachev). To what degree are these conceptions applicable to a musical composition? The author is convinced that contemporary musical practice as the result of its diversity requires the search for a corresponding method of analysis. Depending on the type of the musical composition, it must be examined through the prism of such aesthetic conceptions as the beautiful (for example, Valery Kikta’s “The Return of St. Cecilia”), “the unity of oppositions” (Pavel Karmanov’s “Favorite Hated City,” Sofia Gubaidulina’s “The Seven Last Words,” etc.). Special approaches must be found for intertextual compositions (such as, for instance, Vladimir Martynov’s Vita nova and Valentin Silvestrov’s “Mozart’s Moments”) and compositions practically not possessing content to which such aesthetical terms as “ironic play” or “artistic deceit” (Georges Aperghis’ Simulacres) may be applied. The well-known music of the past also presumes a search for new methods of analysis. As the central term for studying a musical work of art the author proposes the term “music as a text,” initially suggested, presumably, by Alexander Mikhaylov. The article demonstrates that music is capable to tell about itself by itself. As an example, analysis is made of Franz Liszt’s Ave Maria, the numerous versions of which, having appeared at various stages of the composer’s artistic path, comprise a hyper-cycle, according to the author. In this hyper-cycle becomes an event for the listener, in which it could “read” the change of the musical morphology and syntax.

Perception of Changing Roll among Orthodontists, Dentists and Laypersons in Central Indian Population- A Pilot Study

Introduction: Esthetics is the main factor in choosing orthodontic treatment. It can be difficult to identify an esthetic issue because no two people think alike. When the line of dentition is rotated around a horizontal axis left-right, it is termed as roll. We are therefore attempting to evaluate the lack of clarity in perception among different groups. Aim: To assess and compare the perception of changing roll among orthodontists, dentists & laypersons. Materials and Methods: Two standard extra-oral photographs of a subject, were digitally manipulated in terms of roll. A sample of 120 evaluators [40 orthodontists, 40 dentists and 40 laypersons] judged both the images (original and altered) on a visual analogue scale ranging from 1 (the least attractive) to 10 (the most attractive). The responses were then analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.0 version. Inclusion criteria: Participants from Central India residing for more than 2 years. Results: The comparison of the VAS score assigned to images by orthodontists, lay persons and dentists (except orthodontists) was done using Friedman test, followed by post hoc analysis. The comparison of the VAS score assigned to different images by participants of any group was done using Kruskal-Wallis test. This was followed by post hoc analysis. A p value <0.5 was considered statistically significant. Confidence interval was set at 95.0%. This revealed that dentists were able to identify roll of 3 mm or more with significant difference. Orthodontists could identify roll at 1 mm itself, while laypersons found the image with roll of 0 mm and 4 mm attractive. Conclusion: The most attractive image in the opinion of the orthodontists were with 0 mm of roll, 0 mm and 4 mm of roll for laypersons and 2 mm of roll for dentists.

Types, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Dental Fractures

Enamel fractures are often caused by trauma. Can be seen as visible irregularities that require early intervention to prevent aesthetic issues. Dentin fractures are marked by increased sensitivity. Require tailored interventions such as desensitizing agents or restorations to address symptoms and maintain tooth integrity. Root fractures present with localized pain and swelling, posing challenges that require a management approach. Vertical fractures affecting both the crown and root need assessment using imaging techniques to guide treatment decisions. Cracked tooth syndrome involves fractures that may be managed holistically through measures or endodontic therapy in severe cases. This comprehensive review explores the world of fractures, examining their various types, symptoms and treatment strategies. It covers fractures in enamel, dentin, roots, and vertical ones that affect both the crown and root as cracked tooth syndrome. The study emphasizes the importance of diagnosis and effective treatment for the presentation of fractures. The study also highlights the integration of expertise with advanced tools like cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for more precise dental diagnostics. Adhesive dentistry is recognized as an aspect of invasive restorations that aim to preserve natural tooth structure. This review underscores the significance of intervention and patient education while recognizing the interplay between traditional practices and modern modalities in managing dental fractures. Each type of fracture requires an approach addressing anything from cosmetic concerns like enamel fractures to more complex issues like root fractures. It is crucial to intervene relying on clinical examinations and advanced diagnostic tools for guidance.

Рецензия на книгу "Омский литературный авангард 1920-х годов. Поэты "Червонной тройки": стихотворения, поэмы" (сост., подгот. текстов, коммент. Ю. П. Зародовой; авт. вступит. ст. Ю. П. Зародова, И. Г. Деветьярова (науч. ред.). Омск: Омскбланк-издат, 2021. 356 с.)

The article reviews the collected works of the poets of Omsk literary avant-garde of the 1920s, representatives of the Chervonnyaya Troika. For the first time, readers and experts have an opportunity to become acquainted with the previously unpublished verses and poems by 28 poets, for whom the period of Omsk was a landmark, which determined their life and creative path. The collection, which includes the poets’ photographs, biographical information, photocopies of individual autographs, documents and manuscripts, has become a notable phenomenon in the academic and cultural life. The material is attractive because of its novelty, thoughtfulness, and careful attention to sources. The introductory article focuses attention on important aesthetic issues of the works of Omsk futurist poets, such as L. Martynov, V. Shebalin, V. Ivanov, and others. A rather detailed article by Yu.P. Zarodova and I.G. Devetiarova, “Dreamers, Fantasists, Futurists …”, that opens the collection acquires academic significance. This work examines the history of the formation and development of the literary group Chervonnaya Troika in Omsk in the historical and cultural context of the time and cites responses published in newspapers, diaries and archival records of the group participants. Particularly significant among them are the notes of Anatoly Sorokin, who collected not only paintings, but also poems of writers who were part of the Chervonnaya Troika. Despite the loss of some autographs, most of them are preserved in his archive, which was used for compiling the collection. The material is structured in such a way that the reader receives full information about the poet, including photos and a brief biographical reference. Verses and poems are published, and commentaries specify dates of the first publications, give variants of texts and exact archival data with the indication of sources of poetic texts, which considerably raises the academic level of the collection. The chronological table of the literary life of Omsk in 1920–1928 and photographs of manuscripts and documents that greatly expand the idea of the literary phenomenon to which the collection is dedicated became a real decoration of the book. The book is useful, thoughtful and necessary for the modern researcher, student and reader because it clarifies the idea of the literary process in Russia in the early twentieth century, opens new names, includes Omsk avant-garde in the general context of aesthetic quests by poets, writers and artists of this period as an integral part.

«Толкователь жизни» и «творец вселенных»: Бернард Шоу и Альберт Эйнштейн

The article focuses on the two great figures of the XX century, Bernard Shaw and Albert Einstein. Their occupations belonged to quite distant realms of science and fiction, and the only event that united the two in public consciousness was Shaw’s speech in honor of Einstein at the OTR fundraising dinner at the Savoy Hotel on 28th October 1930 where he bestowed the honorary title of “Maker of the Universe” upon the scientist. However, these two great men had much more in common than it is generally accepted. The paper presents some little-known details of Shaw — Einstein relationship, establishes a correlation between their views on a number of socio-political, scientific, philosophic, ethical and aesthetical issues including common grounds and principal differences in their attitude towards the USA and the American social structure. Apart from the few existing articles in the foreign academic journals, this research relies on the official European and American press records of Shaw’s and Einstein’s speeches, their private correspondence, diary entries, memoirs and (auto)biographies created by their close friends, colleagues and contemporaries (such as Beatrice Webb, Leopold Infeld, Ronald Clark), as well as Einstein’s essays and Shaw’s dramas. Another significant figure in the paper is the American writer and scientist Archibald Henderson who, according to professor W.L. Phelps, was “perhaps the only living man who can talk on their own level with the two greatest intellects of today, George Bernard Shaw and Albert Einstein.” The vast majority of documents, radio and video addresses cited in this article have not been translated into Russian; the paper is a pioneering study in Russia, where this topic remains unknown and haven’t so far attracted attention of the Russian academia.

Do hypomineralized teeth affect parents' emotional states and attitudes more than other discoloration conditions?

Discoloration poses a significant esthetic issue, and parents' opinions and emotional states may vary regarding different types of discoloration, such as molar incisor hypomineralization, caries or chromogenic bacteria. This study aimed to assess parent's emotional state and attitudes towards discoloration in primary and permanent teeth. A two-part questionnaire was designed, consisting of questions about demographic data and simulated visuals of different primary and permanent teeth discoloration conditions. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to determine the emotional state, while parents' attitudes towards dental consultation for each simulated visual were determined using statements such as "Absolutely yes"; "Yes"; "I don't have an idea"; "No"; "Absolutely no". The simulated visuals included cases of "caries with cavitation", "yellow-brown hypomineralized area", "white hypomineralized area" and "chromogenic bacteria". The questionnaire was distributed to 300 parents through online communication channels. Categorical variables were analyzed using Pearson chi-square, with statistical significance set as p < 0.05. A total of 230 parents completed the questionnaire. The highest VAS scores and the highest percentage of "Absolutely yes" responses were observed for "caries with cavitation" in both primary (77.8%, 81.7%) and permanent (60.4%, 94.3%) teeth. Additionally, statistically significant differences were found in the VAS scores for chromogenic bacteria (p = 0.04), caries with cavitation (p = 0.005), white hypomineralized area (p = 0.01) and yellow-brown hypomineralized area (p = 0.02). Comparatively, parental preferences showed statistically significant differences for chromogenic bacteria (p = 0.01), caries with cavitation (p = 0.01), yellow-brown hypomineralized area (p = 0.01) and white hypomineralized area (p = 0.004). Parents displayed stronger emotional responses towards "caries with cavitation" compared to hypomineralization and chromogenic bacteria discolorations and expressed a positive attitude towards seeking dental consultation.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Art and Morality and Précis of the Four Books Included in the Symposium

The relation between art and morality is one of the vexed issues of aesthetics; it has a history at least from Plato and has been written about, or commented on, by most if not all the luminaries in aesthetics—it is not coincidence that one of the most influential papers on these debates is also one of the most cited papers of this journal. Also, the (im)pertinence of moral concerns for the assessment of artworks is arguably one of the most discussed philosophical issues in the public opinion (albeit not always informed by philosophical insights). The prompt for this Special Issue was the publication, over a short space of time, of four books in the area: James Harold’s Dangerous Art: On Moral Criticisms of Artwork (2020), Erich Hatala Matthes’s Drawing the Line: What to Do with the Work of Immoral Artists from Museums to Movies (2022), Ted Nannicelli’s Artistic Creation and Ethical Criticism (2020), and Mary Beth Willard’s Why It’s OK to Enjoy the Art of Immoral Artists (2021). In this issue, each of these authors provides a précis of their own book, a criticism of one of the other books, and then a defence of their own work against this criticism. Although each book is, obviously, very different, there are some overlapping concerns that make for an especially productive interaction. In particular, one thread that runs through is the current vexed issue of what attitude an audience should take on a work of art in the light of facts about the moral character of its creator. With the wars over ‘cancel culture’ raging in the popular discourse, it is important to subject this issue to detailed philosophical examination.

Novel management of granuloma formation secondary to dermal filler: A multi-modality approach.

Dermal fillers for soft tissue augmentation have become increasingly popular among patients of all ages and ethnicities. With more widespread use, there has been an increased incidence of adverse reactions, one of which is the granulomatous foreign body reaction (GFBR). We present a three patient case series in which GFBR secondary to dermal filler was successfully treated with a multi-leveled approach. The first modality involves intralesional injection of a mixture containing 1cc of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 0.5cc of dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and 0.1cc of triamcinolone 10. The lesion is injected intradermally in small aliquots, similar to scar treatment. The patient then takes colchicine 1.2mg loading dose on day 1, then 0.6mg twice per day for 4 days concurrently with naproxen 500 mg orally once daily for 5-7 days. This process may be repeated in 6 weeks if the lesions have not resolved and PDL laser may be employed for residual post-inflammatory erythema. All three patients presented in this case series had significant aesthetic improvement in their dermal filler-derived foreign body granulomatous reactions. GFBR provides both a medical and aesthetic issue for these patients including mental distress, pain, and dysfunction, therefore having an effective treatment for GFBR will affect medical management of these patients, improving patient outcomes and satisfaction. Our proposed regimen for GFBR has been shown to be highly efficacious and safe for these patients, providing a significant improvement in both function and cosmesis of the area.

Research on BIPV in Office and Public Utility Buildings in Aesthetic and Utility Context

The idea of the article is to examine the perception of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) by users of buildings in which BIPV has been applied. The study aims at determining the acceptance degree as well as problem areas related to the use of BIPV within façades in the aesthetic and utility context. The article includes survey research conducted among 232 employees working in six office and public buildings with BIPV in Poland. The buildings were selected so that the PV modules within their façades were visible both outside and inside the building. For this reason, two groups of buildings were chosen for the study: those with PV modules as external glazing and with an external PV shelves (three buildings each). The research results indicate differences in the perception of the aesthetic, semantic, and functional roles of BIPV depending on the aforementioned BIPV application method, the observation place (outside or inside the building), and employee characteristics, i.e., groups divided regarding such aspects as their age and time spent in the room with BIPV. The research novelty is in examining the influence of BIPV on users’ reactions in their workplace in terms of aesthetic and utility issues. The research includes post-occupancy evaluation method (POE), which is for the first time used in relation to BIPV in office and public utility buildings. The research can prove useful for investors and designers at the planning and design concept stage. The outcomes constitute a practical source of knowledge for BIPV manufacturers.

ARCHITECTURE OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF UZHHOROD 1919 – 1938 AND THE CONCEPT OF THE WELFARE STATE IN THE CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC

The article deatl with a comprehensive study of educational institutions built in Uzhhorod during 1919 – 1938. Based on archival sources and literature, the author forms a representation of the qualities of new educational buildings, features of architectural styles, principles of construction of educational institutions of the modernist era in the Czechoslovak Republic, and details of the planning of objects on the example of Uzhhorod, as well as in some cases – characteristic teaching approaches. School buildings are built according to new standards, which is caused by the emergence of a new movement in European architecture – modernism. However, the peculiarities of this architecture are not limited to issues of aesthetics and technology, because new buildings are built according to new standards in matters of hygiene, comfort and energy saving. The architecture of the interwar period is perceived and analyzed in the article as a tool of the state policy of the republic in the development of one of the most important social spheres – education. The article emphasizes the opening of new educational institutions for the city, such as a Roma school, a vocational school, a school for women's professions, and a building of a gymnasium of the Jewish community of Uzhhorod. The author conducts an analysis of the development, reformatting and renewal of already existing institutions for which new buildings were planned or built: secondary schools, midwifery school, school of the Jewish community and others. Education is becoming mandatory, the situation regarding the language of instruction is improving significantly, most vocational education institutions are free or almost free for students. According to the author, the opening of vocational schools in Uzhhorod as a new form of education became an important factor in solving the problem of unemployment and demonstrated the foresight of the Czechoslovak government's approaches to solving social and economic issues. Most of the planned objects of educational institutions in the interwar period in Uzhhorod were not implemented due to the economic crisis and the consequences of the First Vienna Award. However, the plans of the government of the republic in the matter of educational institutions in Uzhhorod demonstrate the scale of approaches in solving the issues of creation and development of the educational sphere as an integral component of the formation of the welfare state.

Pharmacological applications of nitric oxide-releasing biomaterials in human skin

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important endogenous molecule that plays several roles in biological systems. NO is synthesized in human skin by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and, depending on the produced NO concentration, it can actuate in wound healing, dermal vasodilation, or skin defense against different pathogens, for example. Besides being endogenously produced, NO-based pharmacological formulations have been developed for dermatological applications targeting diverse pathologies such as bacterial infection, wound healing, leishmaniasis, and even esthetic issues such as acne and skin aging. Recent strategies focus mainly on developing smart NO-releasing nanomaterials/biomaterials, as they enable a sustained and targeted NO release, promoting an improved therapeutic effect. This review aims to overview and discuss the main mechanisms of NO in human skin, the recent progress in the field of dermatological formulations containing NO, and their application in several skin diseases, highlighting promising advances and future perspectives in the field.

In office dental bleaching with hydrogen peroxide: A case report

Background: Tooth discoloration has become an aesthetic issue that has a psychosocial impact on the majority of people. Dental bleaching is the most conservative preferred treatment for discolored teeth. Purpose: The aim of this case study is to report cases with in-office dental bleaching of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Case: A 35-year-old woman complained about a yellowish tint on her upper jaw and front mandible, which made her feel self-conscious. Case Management: In-office dental bleaching performed using hydrogen peroxide and a desensitizing agent. Follow-up was taken, and the treatment results were satisfactory. Conclusion: In office dental bleaching is a treatment option to correct discolored teeth in a short time.

ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА АНТИЧНОСТИ В ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ПУБЛИЦИСТИКЕ НАЧАЛА XIX ВЕКА (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ЖУРНАЛА «ЛИЦЕЙ»)

The article explores the problem of the explicit reflection of the aesthetic thought in Russian journalism in the early 19th century using the example of the 1806 Lyceum magazine. The study revealed the eclectic nature of the writing style of this period’s authors and demonstrated the need to turn to ancient prototypes. The review of all the articles in the 12 issues of this magazine, identified texts containing direct reminiscences of ancient aesthetics or implicit references to ancient authors in solving aesthetic problems. The study revealed that the aesthetic issue most often discussed on the pages of the Lyceum magazine was the art classification issue. Examples of addressing this problem suggested by the magazine’s authors are compared with the positions of ancient philosophers. The article also discusses a variety of the magazine contributors’ approaches to solving the issue of the origin of art from aesthetic, ethical, and epistemological points of view. The article pays special attention to the direct reminiscences of ancient aesthetics in determining the categories of mimesis, beauty (in all its varieties), and kalokagathia. As a result, it is concluded that there was a significant reception of ancient samples in the texts of Russian authors dealing with aesthetic problems.

LIES, DECEITS, MANIPULATIONS, AND OTHER FORMS OF AESTHETIC EXPRESSION IN HORACE, SATIRES 2.5

Finagling an inheritance is one time-tested way of resolving a money shortage: just flatter your way into the good graces of the aged and rich. In Satires 2.5 Horace parodies the Roman version of this vice, known as captatio or ‘legacy-hunting’; with baroque imagination, he presents Odysseus, the mythological hero, consulting the prophet Tiresias in the Underworld and learning how to increase his fortune by amassing inheritances. Odysseus asks: tu protinus, unde | diuitias aerisque ruam, dic, augur, aceruos (‘tell me forthwith, prophet, where I can dig up riches and heaps of money’, 21f.). Tiresias responds: captes astutus ubique | testamenta senum (‘cleverly snatch on all sides the testaments of old men’, 23f.). Social critique naturally looms large in this poem about venal dishonesty. In major studies, Niall Rudd and Klaus Sallmann have examined the poem's criticism of contemporary Roman society, and later scholars have taken a similar line, often reading the poem as a send-up of flattery. All true, but there is more to say. Even as it treats of wills, money, and flattery, the satire also shows a quiet concern with aesthetic issues, especially the state of contemporary poetry.

Assessment of Patients and Surgeons Satisfaction from Nasal Function and Appearance Following Closed Reduction

Introduction: Nasal fracture is the most common fracture of the maxillofacial region, so surgeons’ and patients’ satisfaction after closed reduction from aesthetic and functional (including the effects of respiration and olfaction) perspective is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of surgeons and patients with the appearance and function of the nose after closed reduction surgery during 6-12 months after surgery to improve the outcomes of this procedure.&#x0D; Materials &amp; Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 90 patients in Alzahra and Kashani hospitals of Isfahan during the years 1397-1398 who underwent a closed reduction of nasal fracture within 6-12 months after surgery. All patients and surgeons answered questions about aesthetic and functional outcomes and the need for septorhinoplasty after closed reduction. Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and paired-sample t-test were used to analyze the data. P value less than 0.05 was considered as a significant level.&#x0D; Results: About 55% of patients were satisfied with the aesthetic outcome and 38.8% expressed they would consider further surgery to correct the residual nasal deformity. The mean score of surgeons’ satisfaction for nasal aesthetics and function was 3.74 and 3.50. Surgeons expressed that the patients’ requirement for septorhinoplasty is low to moderate.&#x0D; Conclusion: Satisfaction of the patient and the surgeon with the nasal closed reduction was in high-medium range. Also, according to both patients’ and surgeons’ opinions, requirement for septorhinoplasty surgery has a significant and direct relationship with aesthetic issues and also obstruction of the airway following a nasal bone fracture.

Modern Art Research Institute of National Academy of Arts of Ukraine: The course of institutional activities

The twentieth anniversary of the Modern Art Research Institute of the National Academy of Arts of Ukraine (MARI) is a milestone on a path of research, constant monitoring, and promotion of artistic achievements in various areas of contemporary art. The MARI has trained a significant number of young researchers of culture and theoretically equipped them with the latest knowledge of the art research. Research and processing of the most recent global art achievements is the ultimate goal of the multidisciplinary activity of the Institute. The description of strategic issues in art research, cultural studies, and aesthetics is integrated here with the efforts to analyze the continuity of art processes. From the very start, meeting the cultural needs of the society and providing it with mental mechanisms to comprehend contemporary art was the main aim of the Institute. An ultimate goal of its academic, creative, and educational efforts is to create a multifaceted concept of the achievements of contemporary Ukrainian art and incorporate contemporary Ukrainian art into the global cultural space.

Does a closed reduction improve aesthetical and functional outcome after nasal fracture?

How closed reduction (CR) to repair a nasal fracture affects the patient's quality of life (QoL) has not been investigated. Here, we assessed QoL before and after CR using disease-specific questionnaires and compared the QoL scores of patients with nasal fractures with normative scores from a reference cohort. This was a prospective study of 96 patients with nasal fractures undergoing CR. Patients were interviewed about aesthetic, functional, and QoL issues before and after surgery using the Functional Rhinoplasty Outcome Inventory (FROI-17) and the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE). Photographs of the nasal area were taken before and after surgery and reviewed. Data were compared with those from a reference cohort (n = 1000). Most fractures were type I (80.6%) and most were caused by sport-related accidents (36.5%). The ROE scores increased from 67.3 preoperatively to 73.4 postoperatively (p = 0.001). The FROI-17 also improved, indicating the overall effect of the nose on QoL (p = 0.002). Compared with the reference cohort, patients felt more affected by nasal symptoms before surgery (- 9.37, p = 0.02) than by more general aspects. ROE scores returned to normative values after surgery (p < 0.001). The postoperative cohort had lower scores for the FROI-17 item overall effects of the nose on QoL than the reference cohort did, although the nasal symptom score remained higher in patients than in reference controls. This study showed that CR can improve the aesthetical but not the functional outcome of the nose.

Complications and Side Effects of Botulinum Toxin for Cosmetic Use

Botulinum toxin, the causal agent of botulism, is employed in therapeutic settings for a number of purposes. Botulinum toxin injections address aesthetic issues induced or worsened by muscle contraction by controlling local neurotransmission. Therapy has a transient impact; muscle recovery is generally clinically visible a few months following treatment. Improper injection placement or toxin diffusion to unintended locations following injection might result in severe muscular weakening, which can cause temporary deformity or functional problems. Some aesthetic flaws, such as eyelid ptosis and a perplexing brow, can be corrected with therapeutic procedures. In other circumstances, progress is contingent on the botulinum toxin's declining action over time.

Intraoral repair of fractured ceramics: a literature review

Background: Fracture or chipping of veneering ceramic resulting in aesthetic and functional issues is a frequent technical complication encountered with fixed dental prostheses. Treatment options include extraoral or intraoral repair of the ceramic restoration; the latter being minimally invasive and cost-effective. We reviewed the various intraoral repair techniques for ceramic fractures and their efficiency in the last decade. Methods: A literature search was carried out between 2017 and 2022 using the PubMed database with keywords: intraoral, repair, ceramics, porcelain, and ‘porcelain fused to metal’. Screening of abstracts and full texts was carried out to determine the final list of eligible studies. Results: Twenty-one eligible studies were included in the review which consisted of 17 in vitro studies, three case reports, and one prospective clinical study. Researchers and dentists preferred repairing cracked veneered zirconia-based restorations intraorally if the restoration is in acceptable condition. However, successful intraoral repair of veneering fractures relies on the bond between the previous restoration and the new repair material, the right adhesive resin, and adequate surface conditioning. The review indicated that the best technique to fix chipping in a complex made of zirconia core and veneering ceramic is to treat the veneering ceramic with hydrofluoric acid before covering the core ceramic with silica. Conclusion: Intraoral repair is an efficient and economic procedure without the need for repeated sessions. However, the success and longevity of the restoration rely on the technical skills of the clinicians and adherence to prescribed protocols.