Aeronautical Telecommunications Network Research Articles

Advancements in VDL and CPDLC: revolutionizing European aviation communication

The paper is focused on the transformative impact of VDL and CPDLC on aviation safety, efficiency, and reliability. Tracing the historical evolution from radio systems to the adoption of VDL and its integration within Europe's unified airspace initiatives, this paper deals with key theories including VDL Mode 2, ACARS, Aeronautical Telecommunication Network, ADS-B, and CPDLC. Emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration to tackle communication challenges, the paper spotlights CPDLC's evolution integrating AI, Machine Learning, cybersecurity protocols, and technological integrations like 5G and satellites. Human-Computer Interaction research underscores user-friendly CPDLC interface designs. Methodologies encompass operational analyses, communication protocols, avionics technologies, and usability testing. Aligning with the Single European Sky initiative, the integration of VDL and CPDLC anticipates emerging trends while addressing challenges like interoperability, training complexities, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities through proposed solutions. The paper offers a comprehensive understanding of advancements shaping the modern aviation communication landscape.

A novel multi-objective approach for link selection in aeronautical telecommunication networks

A novel multi-objective approach for link selection in aeronautical telecommunication networks

Ontology generation for flight safety messages in air traffic management

The analysis of various data is a challenging issue in the field of air traffic flow management (ATFM). Managing a large volume of data and their correct interpretation plays a key role in the prevention of air accidents, human errors, and flight interactions. In general, pilots and flight navigators deal with massive and variety information, including flight safety messages, meteorological messages, aviation notes for air man (NOTAMs) and etc. Therefore relationship between Heterogeneous big data is problem. Recently, the semantic web has been recognized as a novel foundation of knowledge management that relies on ontology (concept modeling language). The present study aimed to propose an efficient infrastructure for ATMs by defining the concepts, rules, and relationships between the concepts related to the scope of flight information. To this end, we designed and implemented the ontology of flight safety messages, which included an important part of flight operation information. In this research, the internet protocol suite (IPS)-based aviation networks and methontology methodology were exploited for the engineering of the ontology of flight messages. In addition, the implementation process was carried out using the Protégé software. The analysis of the system was performed using the actual data of Mashhad Airport, Iran. Finally, the implementation of the ontology of flight messages was demonstrated after a case study of several flight examples. The developed ontology could be incorporated into the foundation of an aeronautical telecommunication network (ATN) aviation network as an application.

An Adaptive Bidirectional Multibeam High-Altitude Platforms Aeronautical Telecommunication Network Using Dual Concentric Conical Arrays

An efficient aeronautical telecommunication network (ATN) is proposed in this article based on adaptive multibeam antenna arrays and high-altitude platforms (HAPs). First, the network structure is demonstrated, and its geometry is analyzed based on a geocentric coordinate system that converts the global positioning system (GPS) and altitude data of aircrafts and HAPs into direction-of-arrival (DOA) information which is required for subsequent beamforming operation. The antenna array is then formed by designing a low-profile dual concentric conical array (DCCA) with uniform elements distribution and is used at the aircraft and HAP to achieve bidirectional beamforming. The antenna array elements are fed by an adaptive-exponent sine profile function to reduce the sidelobe levels while the low-profile dual conical array structure reduces the secondary major lobe and backlobe levels. The proposed beamforming technique is also capable of providing multibeam towards several aircrafts at the same time for effective resource sharing and management. The radiation performance of the array is demonstrated, analyzed, and compared with the concentric circular array where it is found that the secondary major lobe has been reduced by 13 dB with sidelobe level down to -40 dB relative to the mainlobe level. In addition, the bit energy-to-noise power spectral density and probability of bit error of the proposed aeronautical network has been investigated at different operating frequencies including 3.5 GHz and millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequencies of 28 and 39 GHz. The simulation results have shown that a channel capacity of about 3 Gbps can be achieved for BPSK and QPSK signals using bidirectional beamforming for a channel bandwidth of 400 MHz at 28 and 39 GHz mm-wave frequencies while it is about 773 Mbps at 3.5 GHz for 100 MHz bandwidth that can be provided over a line-of-sight distance of 896 km between an aircraft and HAP.

Optimal Datalink Selection for Future Aeronautical Telecommunication Networks

Modern aeronautical telecommunication networks (ATN) make use of different simultaneous datalinks to deliver robust, secure, and efficient ATN services. This paper proposes a multiple attribute decision making based optimal datalink selection algorithm, which considers different attributes including safety, QoS, costs, and user/operator preferences. An intelligent TRigger-based aUtomatic Subjective weighTing ( i -TRUST) method is also proposed for computing subjective weights necessary to provide user flexibility. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the performance of the ATN system.

Aeronautical Telecommunications Network: advances, challenges, and modeling (Musa, S.M. and Wu, Z., eds.) [book review

In a century or so, airplanes have changed the face of transport. They are used for transporting people, mail, cargo, and more. With advances in technology and economy, flying around the world is much cheaper now, and most people take advantage of this facility when traveling to far-off destinations, especially intercontinental ones, which leads to increased efficiency and productivity. Shipping companies also use airplanes to transport small and medium-sized cargo. As such we are heavily dependent on the air transport system we have today. This book describes the communication technologies and networks that facilitate this seamless transition of airplanes through the air, navigate them on their way, and help them reach their destinations safely. The book does a good job of also discussing the challenges faced by current generation support infrastructure for aeronautical telecommunications networks (ATNs) and presents potential solutions to the challenges.

Aeronautical Telecommunication Network

This paper summarizes the results of a study of modern telecommunication technology in the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network. The article deals with the integration of modern telecommunication technology into the still developing sector of aeronautical telecommunication. The ATN is a data communications inter-network that provides its users a robust and reliable Air/Air, Air/Ground and Ground/Ground communications service.

The capacity of aeronautical ad-hoc networks

Currently aeronautical communications are extremely limited by the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network standard, which does not support the inter-aircraft communications directly. To this end, we consider an aeronautical ad-hoc network based on a single flight path, whereby the aircrafts in the cruise stage can communicate with each other through multi-hop relays without the aid of ground stations. Due to the special topology of this network model, existing results based on the conventional mobile ad-hoc networks are not applicable for determining its capacity scaling law. In this paper, we prove the upper bound on the per-node capacity and construct a simple transmission scheduling scheme to achieve the lower bound.

A Secure Correspondent Router Protocol for NEMO Route Optimization

The Network Mobility (NEMO) protocol is needed to support the world-wide mobility of aircraft mobile networks across different access networks in the future IPv6 based aeronautical telecommunications network (ATN). NEMO suffers from the constraint that all traffic has to be routed via the home agent though. The already existing correspondent router (CR) protocol solves this triangular routing problem and permits to route packets on a direct path between the mobile network and the ground based correspondent nodes. We identify security deficiencies of this protocol that make it unsuitable for use within the ATN. We therefore propose a new route optimization procedure based on the CR protocol that provides a higher level of security. We evaluate our new protocol in three ways. We first conduct a simulation based handover performance study using an implementation of a realistic aeronautical access technology. We then investigate the mobility signaling overhead. Finally, we specify a threat model applicable for the aeronautical environment and use it to perform a security analysis of both the old and our new protocol. It is shown that our protocol is not only more secure but also provides better handover latency, smaller overhead in the aeronautical scenario and a higher level of resilience when compared to the original CR protocol.

Performance evaluation of network mobility handover over future aeronautical data link

The aviation community is currently working on the standardization of data communication systems for the future air traffic management. In this context, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has initiated a work on standardization of an IPv6-based aeronautical telecommunications network and on future radio access technologies, respectively. In this paper, we integrate L-Band Digital Aeronautical Communications System Option 1 (L-DACS 1), which is one candidate for future radio access technologies, with realistic IPv6-based network layer functionality and analyze the effect of handover delay to the TCP performance. Realistic Frame Error Rate (FER) values obtained from an L-DACS 1 physical layer simulator, which uses a realistic aeronautical channel model, are used in the simulation experiments. In the first stage, we decreased layer 3 handover latency by removing the Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) procedure for address configuration. In the second stage, we introduced a Home Agent (HA)-buffering method, which is used to buffer the traffic (destined to the mobile node) during handover. Transmission completion time is the primary performance metric in our analysis. With the HA-buffering method, the transmission completion time is reduced by at least 10% for the transmission of 110 kB of information over a wireless link with 31.5 kbit s −1 data rate.

NEWSKY – A concept for networking the sky for civil aeronautical communications

An efficient and sustainable network for aeronautical communications is required to enable the implementation of a range of operational improvements needed to support the expected growth in air transportation. The NEWSKY project (“NEtWorking the SKY”) is co-funded by the European Commission within the 6th Framework Programme and was initiated with the aim to develop a concept of a global aeronautical communication network based on Internet technologies. NEWSKY focuses on the design of an IPv6 based network for air-ground communications by supplementing existing concepts to be applicable to aeronautics. NEWSKY pursues the vision of “Networking the Sky” by integrating different radio link technologies and different applications into a single IP-based aeronautical network. The integration of satellite-based, ground-based and airport communication links is targeted. The envisaged application classes comprise not only safety related services as Air Traffic Services (ATS) and Aeronautical Operation Control (AOC), but also non safety related services as Airline Administrative Communications (AAC) and passenger communications (APC). The transition from the current ACARS and Aeronautical Telecommunication Network based on OSI technologies (ATN/OSI) is considered. As a result, the modular and highly flexible architecture of the proposed NEWSKY approach helps to create a future aeronautical communication system which is viable well beyond 2020.

MODERN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS IN THE AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (ATN)

This paper summarizes the results of a study of modern telecommunication technology in the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network. The ATN is a data communications inter‐network that provides its users a robust and reliable Air/Ground and Ground/Ground communications service. The Air Telecommunication Network is build on a ring of fixed telecommunication networks. The article deals with the integration of modern telecommunication technology into the still developing sector of aeronautical telecommunication.

QoS Support in ARINC 664 P8 Data Networks: ATN Applications Over TCP/IP Ground-to-Ground Subnetworks

Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) has been developed by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to integrate air-ground and ground-ground data communications for aeronautical applications into a single network serving air traffic control and aeronautical operational communications. The current ICAO ATN model specifies a standalone network with its own protocols, which requires building an expensive separate network for air-ground and ground-ground communications. However, the cost of building ATN can be reduced if it can use existing networks wherever possible, such as the Internet.ARINC 664 Part 8 committee has been developing an approach for inter-operation of ATN applications over the commercial TCP/IP networks. To carry time critical information required for aeronautical applications,ATN provides different Quality of Services (QoS) to applications. Although the current Internet does not provide QoS, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) network to provide differential QoS to users of next generation data networks. The objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility and conduct a proof-of-concept evaluation of providing QoS to ATN applications over the DiffServ network in the next generation Internet. Our results show that the QoS requirements ofATN applications for ground-to-ground communications can be successfully satisfied when ATN is run over a DiffServ backbone.

Free flight is in the future: large-scale controller pilot data link communications emulation testbed

NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) is responsible for the Advanced Communications for Air Traffic Management (AC/ATM) Project, a sub-element task of the Advanced Air Transportation Technologies (AATT) Project of the NASA Airspace Systems Program. The AC/ATM Project is developing new communications technologies and tools that will enable Free Flight, an operating mode in which pilots will have the freedom to select their path and speed in real-time. The goal of the AC/ATM Project is to enable a communications infrastructure providing the capacity, efficiency, and flexibility necessary to realize benefits arising from the future mature Free Flight environment. A key infrastructure element is the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN) that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is in the process of fielding.

Evaluation of a wind/temperature nowcasting model using aircraft data for the benefit of air traffic management

AbstractAdvanced four‐dimensional air traffic management tools necessitate very accurate prediction of wind and temperature in the very short term. A method based on optimal interpolation of observational data was developed and tested within the framework of Eurocontrol's PHARE programme and the 4MIDaBLE programme under the auspices of the European Commission. It takes advantage of the growing density of automated aircraft reports to update background forecasts and produce nowcasts valid twenty minutes to a couple of hours ahead with an improved accuracy. The emergence of surveillance techniques such as the Automatic Dependent Surveillance based on the use of aircraft‐to‐aircraft and aircraft‐to‐ground data links and the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network is generating much interest in nowcasting techniques because they may facilitate the acquisition of observational data on selected areas with a given observation density. The basis of the nowcasting method is presented along with different evaluations, one of which lasted several months, using routine aircraft data over France. The evaluation shows that operational forecasts can be improved by taking into account the latest aircraft observations, but it is necessary to select aircraft data to obtain a positive response. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society

ATNパラダイム対応航空管制シミュレータの試作と評価

In the next century air traffic control (ATC) system will be constructed by using technologies based on aeronautical telecommunication network (ATN). In the ATN paradigm controller-pilot data link communication (CPDLC) will be realized. In this paper an ATC simulator that was developed to evaluate ATC operation in that paradigm are introduced. In the ATN paradigm an ATC controller will have to use an ATC data console to communicate to pilots. The custom input device and graphical user interface for effective CPDLC operation at the console are also introduced. We propose new ATC operation in the next ATC generation in this paper.

Meeting the demand

Describes the future air navigation system known as the Communication, Navigation and Surveillance/Air Traffic Management System, which is to be used throughout the world to organize better the increasing volume of air traffic. Details, in particular, automatic dependent surveillance, the facility used to optimize flight paths; and the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network.

ATM and FIS data link services

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) currently has under development data link services for Air Traffic Management (ATM), Flight Information Service (FIS), and communications, navigation, and surveillance (CNS). These services will be provided over the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN), a worldwide data network intended to provide data communications connectivity among mobile aircraft, airlines, and civil aviation authorities. The ATM and FIS services currently under development are part of an evolutionary process that will begin, for the most part, with duplication of voice services. In the future, services will facilitate a common source of data for pilots, controllers, and flight planners, as well as computer-to-computer communications between ground based and airborne automation systems. These future services will provide benefits such as the use of optimum aircraft tracks and flight profiles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>