Aerobic Treatment Research Articles

Bioinspired gelated cell sheet-supported lactobacillus biofilm for aerobic vaginitis diagnosis and treatment.

Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a long-standing inflammatory disease that affects female patients. The use of antibiotics is a common means for AV treatment, but it will indiscriminately kill both pathogenic bacteria and beneficial strains, which easily causes vaginal dysbacteriosis and infection recurrence. Herein, we describe a bioinspired strategy for fabricating gelated cell sheet-supported lactobacillus biofilms (GCS-LBs) for AV treatment. Compared with common planktonic probiotic formulations, probiotic biofilms forming on a robust GCS exhibit enhanced stress tolerance and better colonization capacity in the mouse vagina. Moreover, DNA nanodevices are decorated on the GCS and dynamically report the microenvironment change of biofilms for timely evaluating bacterium activity, both in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, GCS-LBs are used for treating AV in an Escherichia coli-infected mouse model, which shows enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared with conventional antibiotic or lactobacillus monotherapy. Overall, the GCS-LB shows promise as a potent multifunctional tool to combat bacterial infection.

ESSAI DE TRAITEMENT BIOLOGIQUE DES HUILES LUBRIFIANTES USAGÉES RÉCUPÉRÉES DANS DES GARAGES DE KINSHASA À L’AIDE DES URINES HUMAINES ET KAOLIN EN RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO

In the various car garages of Kinshasa (in the Democratic Republic of Congo), the lack of consideration of environmental standards is the basis of the voluntary and/or accidental discharges of used oils directly into the environment without any prior treatment. These used hydrocarbons are pollutants that can cause major environmental problems due to their toxicity. The aim of this study is to treat used lubricating oils from car garages biologically in order to reduce their toxic potential. To this end, an aerobic biological treatment system was set up by mixing 4L of used oils with IL of urine, 2Kg of active Kaolin and 20L of water. The reduction in the toxicity of hydrocarbons was assessed through acute toxicity tests on the species Gambusia Affinis and microbiological analyses before and after biological treatment of these oils. The results obtained on the toxicity before treatment of these oils revealed that the LC50 was around ±3 ml/g of used oils to say that the pollutant is very toxic. After biological treatment, the LC50 rise to around ±66.7 ml/g for the treated oils, which represents a significant reduction in toxicity and ranks these treated oils in the order of less toxic effluents. The microbiological analyses of the used oils before their treatment did not show any bacteria; on the other hand, the analyses after treatment made it possible to highlight the presence of bacterial colonies whose identification revealed the following bacteria: Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas, which are mostly lipolytic. This study thus allowed to treat used oils thanks to microorganisms and the intrinsic properties of urine and Kaolin.

Quality of Life in Adolescent Athletes With Sport-Related Concussion Prescribed Heart Rate-Targeted Aerobic Exercise Within 10 Days of Injury.

Individualized aerobic exercise treatment prescribed within 10 days of injury facilitates recovery in adolescents after sport-related concussion (SRC) and reduces incidence of persisting post-concussive symptoms (PPCSs) beyond 4 weeks. The effect of aerobic exercise treatment on quality of life symptoms is, however, unknown. This planned secondary aim of a published randomized controlled trial found that while adolescents prescribed aerobic exercise recovered faster, there was no difference on the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) questionnaire scores during the 4-week intervention period. Nevertheless, adolescents who experienced PPCS reported significantly worse initial visit (within 10 days of injury) symptoms on the PedsQL than those who recovered within 4 weeks. Higher scores on the PedsQL correlated with greater initial visit concussion symptom burden and more abnormalities on a concussion-relevant visio-vestibular examination. Thus, the PedsQL captures the clinical severity of concussion and is prognostic of risk for delayed recovery when administered early after SRC in adolescents.

Identifying and testing adaptive management options to increase river catchment system resilience using a Bayesian Network model

AbstractThe cumulative impacts of future climatic and socioeconomic change threaten the ability of freshwater catchments to provide essential ecosystem services. Stakeholders who manage freshwaters require decision-support tools that increase their understanding of catchment system resilience and support the appraisal of adaptive management options to inform decision-making. Our research aims to test the ability of a Bayesian Network model to identify adaptive management scenarios and test their effectiveness across future pathways to 2050. Using the predominantly arable river Eden catchment (320 km2) in eastern Scotland as a case study, we invited stakeholders from multiple sectors to participate in a series of workshops aimed at addressing water quality issues and achieving good ecological status in the catchment both now and in the future. Our participatory methods helped stakeholders overcome multiple layers of complexity and uncertainty associated with future-focused water management. Outputs of a Bayesian Network model simulated both current and future catchment resilience to inform the identification of six management scenarios. The effectiveness of each management scenario was tested using the Bayesian Network model. Two adaptive management scenarios increased catchment resilience and helped achieve good ecological status; a ‘Best Available Technology’ scenario, including aerobic granular sludge treatment, and a management scenario focused on ‘Resource Centre’, including phosphorus recovery from wastewater treatment works and constructed lagoons for crop irrigation. Stakeholders were interested in a 'Nature Based' management scenario including options such as wetland wastewater treatment methods and rural sustainable drainage systems, which improved water quality in the catchment, but had lower certainty in achieving desired outcome. Findings led to a recognition that innovative and collaborative action was required to improve current and future freshwater conditions.

Pengurangan Nilai COD pada Effluent Fermentor Biogas UASB-HCPB dengan Memanfaatkan Mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the main waste generated from the palm oil industry. LCPKS has a COD level of 57,000-60,400 mg/L. High levels of COD can harm the environment. LCPKS treatment techniques generally use a combination of anaerobic and aerobic waste treatment methods. The anaerobic process has been conducted using a UASB-HCPB reactor. But, the COD levels of anaerobic results have not reached the quality standards so that further processing is needed. Microalgae have the potential to reduce contaminant levels in wastewater. Chlorella vulgaris microalgae is a microalgae that is widely used in wastewater treatment. This study utilized Chorella vulgaris in reducing the COD levels of the effluent of the UASB-HCPB biogas fermentor with variations in lighting intensity and variations in the ratio of effluent to microalgae. It was found that the lighting intensity of light:dark (24:0) hours provided optimal microalgae growth so as to provide the best COD reduction with a COD reduction efficiency of 87.5%. The ratio of microalgae to effluent of 1000 mL: 500 mL showed the best COD reduction with an efficiency of 93.75%.

Research on Composting of Garden Waste and Its Application in Cultivation Substrates

To achieve the resource utilization of garden waste, in this study, we used garden waste as the main raw material and conducted static composting with high-temperature aerobic treatment and forced ventilation by adding appropriate external additives. Our results showed that during the composting process, the pH was weakly alkaline, and the electrical conductivity was between 1.42 and 1.50 mS/cm. The E4/E6 (an important indicator of the quality or degree of condensation and aromatization of humic acid) gradually decreased, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents increased. The germination index gradually rose and ultimately exceeded 80%. Treatment (T2) with a final C/N ratio of 25:1 and the addition of 0.3% bacterial agent resulted in the highest nutrient content and the best degree of compost maturity. All indicators met the requirements of the Chinese “Technical Requirements for Urban Landscape Waste Resource Recycling and Deep Processing (GB/T 40199-2021)”. When using a composite substrate of garden waste and other horticultural substrates for planting, a membership function was executed for comprehensive evaluation. The V (T2):V (peat):V (vermiculite):V (vermiculite) = 135:135:30:00 substrate treatment resulted in optimal lettuce growth and quality. In summary, combining the compost products of garden waste with traditional cultivation substrates at a specific ratio shows favorable applicative prospects.

Early Targeted Heart Rate Aerobic Exercise Reduces Proportion of Subacute Musculoskeletal Injuries After Recovery From Sport-Related Concussion.

There is greater risk of musculoskeletal (MSK) injury after clinical recovery from sport-related concussion (SRC). We determined whether aerobic exercise treatment within 10 days of SRC reduced the proportion of MSK injury in recovered adolescent athletes at 4 months since injury. Planned secondary analysis of a randomized trial of aerobic exercise versus stretching exercise in adolescents after SRC. Outpatient and hospital-based sports medicine centers. Aerobic exercise (n = 38, 58% male, 15.6 years) and stretching exercise (n = 25, 64% male, 15.9 years) participants completed a questionnaire at 3.5 and 3.3 months since recovery, respectively. Individualized subthreshold aerobic exercise versus placebo-like stretching. Proportion of MSK injury, subsequent concussion, and return to exercise training, school, and sport determined 3 months after clinical recovery from SRC. Overall, 24% of participants randomized to stretching experienced an MSK injury versus 5.3% of participants randomized to aerobic exercise. There was no difference in time to return to school, sport, or incidence of subsequent concussion. Stretching participants were 6.4 times (95% confidence interval 1.135-36.053) more likely to sustain MSK injury than aerobic exercise participants when controlling for the duration of exposure to sport and return to preinjury sport participation. All injuries were in male participants. Adolescent male athletes prescribed aerobic exercise within 10 days of SRC had a significantly lower proportion of individuals injured in the 3 months following clinical recovery when compared with stretching. This may be due to a habituation/rehabilitation effect of aerobic activities to improve autonomic, vestibular, and/or oculomotor function after SRC.

Effectiveness of aerobic exercise intervention and butterfly pea flower tea on reducing blood glucose levels in type II diabetes mellitus patients

The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the combination of aerobic exercise and butterfly pea flower tea as a therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This research uses experimental research methods with pre and post design. This research uses only one group as a sign of the existence of a comparison group. A total of 36 adult women suffering from Type II Diabetes Mellitus participated in this study. The inclusion criteria in this study were women suffering from type II diabetes mellitus. The exclusion criteria in this study were elderly women. The initial procedure in this research is preparing research administration. Next, screen respondents who are research subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and fill out Informed Consent. Subjects took pre‑test data to measure blood glucose levels. Next, the intervention was carried out within 4 weeks and aerobic exercise treatment was carried out 8 times (2x/week) and butterfly pea flower tea intervention for Type II Diabetes Mellitus sufferers. Telang flower tea is packaged in the form of tea bags which already have BPOM. Subjects collected post‑test data to measure blood glucose levels. Blood glucose levels are measured using a Point Of Care Testing (POCT) device. The first statistical analysis in this research is a descriptive test to obtain the mean, standard deviation and standard error. Next, the normality test was carried out using the Shapiro‑Wilk method, if the data was normally distributed, a difference test was carried out using the paired t test, but if the data was not normally distributed then a difference test was carried out using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results of this study report that providing aerobic exercise and butterfly pea flower tea intervention for 4 weeks was able to significantly reduce blood glucose levels in DM sufferers. In this case, aerobic exercise and butterfly pea flower tea are categorized as effective in reducing blood glucose levels in people with type II diabetes mellitus. We hope that future research will examine the effects of exercise with varying intensity and giving butterfly pea flower tea.

EVALUATING WASTEWATER TREATMENT EFFICIENCY OF MEDICAL CENTERS IN BINH DUONG PROVINCE

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the wastewater management system implemented at a medical center located within the Bau Bang Industrial Park in Binh Duong province, Vietnam. With a staff of 166 and 60 beds, the facility operates in accordance with TCVN 4470:2012 General Hospital design standards, serving a diverse range of water demands including domestic, medical, and auxiliary requirements. The wastewater management system is meticulously designed to handle both rainwater and wastewater separately. Rainwater is efficiently collected through surface and roof drainage networks, while domestic and medical wastewater undergo discrete collection processes. The medical center's wastewater treatment facility, operating at a capacity of 100 m³/day, employs a multistage treatment process to ensure compliance with stringent regulatory standards (QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, column B, K = 1). This process includes preliminary treatment, anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment, membrane filtration, and disinfection. The facility consistently meets quality parameters outlined in QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, exhibiting effective removal rates for organic pollutants, suspended solids, ammonia, phosphates, and pathogens. Furthermore, the medical center demonstrates commendable environmental stewardship through its stormwater drainage infrastructure, which integrates seamlessly with the local drainage network, safeguarding against environmental contamination. Overall, the wastewater management practices at the medical center exemplify best practices in environmental management within the healthcare sector. This study provides valuable insights into the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of wastewater treatment systems in industrial settings, contributing to the global discourse on sustainable wastewater management practices.

Ceramics as potential materials in pollution prevention and control

AbstractThe social progress, economic growth, and meteoric urbanization prompt the exploitation of available resources triggering the contagion of the biological and physical elements of the atmosphere irrationally causing global environmental pollution. Environmental contamination monitoring is a dire necessity. Although a number of technologies find mention in the literature for environmental remediation, however, environmental catalysis is an advanced steadily growing technique for pollution abatement. In this dimension, ceramic materials have turned heads due to their wide‐scale application areas. Hitherto, research is being done on advanced ceramics to fabricate novel modules for energy storage applications, in designing green buildings, pollution rheostats, and environmental engineering. This article deals with the abatement of environmental contaminants by adopting various methodologies such as aerobic and anaerobic biological treatments, adsorption, chemical oxidation, membrane separation, photocatalysis, ozonation using the ceramic as precursor materials. The ceramic membranes are cost‐effective, ecofriendly, efficacious, and green approach to obliterate toxins and harmful gases released in environment. Even though, limited literature is available on the abolition of harmful contaminants from air and soil using ceramic materials, an attempt has been made to present currently available data with best of our knowledge. This article will sensitize researchers to refabricate novel materials for environment sustainability.

A Preliminary Study on Effect of Vocal Aerobic Treatment on Voice Improvement in Patients With Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia

A Preliminary Study on Effect of Vocal Aerobic Treatment on Voice Improvement in Patients With Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia

Remote Sensing Controlled System for the Aerobic Treatment of Home-produced Graywater

Remote Sensing Controlled System for the Aerobic Treatment of Home-produced Graywater

Aerobic Granular Sludge Treatment of Piggery Wastewater: Solution to the Problem of Non-Filamentous Bulking and Analysis of Microbial Community Structure in Practical Application

Aerobic Granular Sludge Treatment of Piggery Wastewater: Solution to the Problem of Non-Filamentous Bulking and Analysis of Microbial Community Structure in Practical Application

Adolescents With a High Burden of New-Onset Mood Symptoms After Sport-Related Concussion Benefit From Prescribed Aerobic Exercise, a Secondary Analysis of 2 Randomized Controlled Trials.

Approximately 20% of students with sport-related concussion (SRC) report new symptoms of anxiety and depression which may be associated with delayed recovery and increased risk for developing a mood disorder. Early prescribed aerobic exercise facilitates recovery in athletes with concussion-related exercise intolerance. We studied the effect of aerobic exercise treatment on new mood symptoms early after SRC. Exploratory secondary analysis of 2 randomized controlled trials (RCT). Sports medicine clinics associated with UB (Buffalo, NY), CHOP (Philadelphia, PA), and Boston Children's Hospital (Boston, MA). Male and female adolescents (aged 13-18 years) diagnosed with SRC (2-10 days since injury). Participants were randomized to individualized targeted heart rate aerobic exercise (n = 102) or to a placebo intervention designed to mimic relative rest (n = 96). Incidence of Persisting Post-Concussive Symptoms (PPCS, symptoms ≥28 days). First RCT recruited from 2016 to 2018 and the second from 2018 to 2020. Of 198 adolescents, 156 (79%) reported a low burden (mean 1.2 ± 1.65/24) while 42 (21%) reported a high burden (mean 9.74 ± 3.70/24) of emotional symptoms before randomization. Intervention hazard ratio for developing PPCS for low burden was 0.767 (95% CI, 0.546-1.079; P = 0.128; β = 0.085) and for high burden was 0.290 (95% CI, 0.123-0.683; P = 0.005; β = 0.732). High burden of mood symptoms early after injury increases risk for PPCS, but the sports medicine model of providing early targeted aerobic exercise treatment reduces it. Nonsports medicine clinicians who treat patients with a high burden of new mood symptoms after concussion should consider prescribing aerobic exercise treatment to reduce the risk of PPCS and a mood disorder.

Adsorption enhanced biological treatment of hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase derived from municipal sludge

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising method for municipal sludge valorization through waste minimization and biofuel production. The process wastewater, HTL aqueous, presents a significant challenge for scale-up due to recalcitrant compounds. In this study, granular activated carbon (GAC) was used to remove potential inhibitors from HTL aqueous through adsorption to enhance aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment. GAC removed up to 61 % chemical oxygen demand (COD), 50 % biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and potential inhibitors, such as total phenolic compounds (87 %) and N-heterocycles (90 % of pyridines) at 100 g/L. Conversely, most volatile fatty acids remained in HTL aqueous. Subsequently, mesophilic and thermophilic specific methane potential increased by up to 97 % and 83 %, respectively. BOD increased by up to 50 %, which enhanced BOD/COD ratio from 81 % to 93 % before and after adsorption. This study established the groundwork for HTL aqueous adsorption, described mechanism for pollutant removal, and provided insights for biological treatment.

Sequential Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment Enhances Sulfamethoxazole Removal: From Batch Cultures to Observations in a Large-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) passes through conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) mainly unaltered. Under anoxic conditions sulfate-reducing bacteria can transform SMX but the fate of the transformation products (TPs) and their prevalence in WWTPs remain unknown. Here, we report the anaerobic formation and aerobic degradation of SMX TPs. SMX biotransformation was observed in nitrate- and sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures. We identified 10 SMX TPs predominantly showing alterations in the heterocyclic and N4-arylamine moieties. Abiotic oxic incubation of sulfate-reducing culture filtrates led to further degradation of the major anaerobic SMX TPs. Upon reinoculation under oxic conditions, all anaerobically formed TPs, including the secondary TPs, were degraded. In samples collected at different stages of a full-scale municipal WWTP, anaerobically formed SMX TPs were detected at high concentrations in the primary clarifier and digested sludge units, where anoxic conditions were prevalent. Contrarily, their concentrations were lower in oxic zones like the biological treatment and final effluent. Our results suggest that anaerobically formed TPs were eliminated in the aerobic treatment stages, consistent with our observations in batch biotransformation experiments. More generally, our findings highlight the significance of varying redox states determining the fate of SMX and its TPs in engineered environments.

Evaluating the effect of antibiotics on aerobic granular sludge treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been widely applied in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment due to its advantages such as high biomass and excellent settling performance. However, the influence of commonly found antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater on the operational efficiency of AGS has been poorly explored. This study investigated the effects of tetracycline (TE) on AGS treating pharmaceutical wastewater at room temperature and analyzed the related mechanisms. The results demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between TE's effects on AGS. At concentrations below the threshold of 0.1 mg/L, the effects are considered trivial. In contrast, TE with more than 2.0 mg/L reduces the performance of AGS. In the 6.0 mg/L TE group, COD, TN, and TP removal efficiencies decreased to 72.6-75.5, 54.6-58.9, and 71.6-75.8%, respectively. High concentrations of TE reduced sludge concentration and the proportion of organic matter in AGS, leading to a decline in sludge settling performance. Elevated TE concentrations stimulated extracellular polymeric substance secretion, increasing polymeric nitrogen and polymeric phosphorus content. Intracellular polymer analysis revealed that high TE concentrations reduced polyhydroxyalkanoates but enhanced glycogen metabolism. Enzyme activity analysis disclosed that high TE concentrations decreased the activity of key enzymes associated with nutrient removal.

Anaerobic–Aerobic Treatment of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes and Municipal Wastewater

Waste management in large urban centers is one of the main challenges for public administration. Two of the most abundant wastes in cities are waste solid and municipal wastewater (MWW). Their management can be optimized if they are treated together. This work analyzed an anaerobic–aerobic system for the treatment of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVWs) and MWW. Firstly, FVWs were collected and characterized; once in the laboratory, they were placed in a tank with the MWW, aiming at transferring to the water those solids with a particle size below 105 µm; then, they were separated by sieving. The mixture of MWW and FVWs with a particle size below 105 µm was fed into an up-flow anaerobic sludge reactor (UASB); in the latter, dissolved and suspended organic matter was transformed into methane and carbon dioxide. The water that left the UASB was sent to be post-treated in an activated sludge reactor (ASR). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) was used as an evaluation parameter of the anaerobic–aerobic system; a removal efficiency higher than 80% was achieved, whereas it was 60% in the ASR. Another evaluation parameter was methane (CH4) productivity, with an average of 3.0 LCH4 L−1 d−1. VWF leaching achieved an average COD extraction of 7.68 kg∙m−3. The UASB efficiency was on average 70% for the assayed loads (2–8 kg COD·L−1·d−1). The energy potential calculated for the anaerobic–aerobic system was 510.2 kW∙h∙d−1

Comparison of The Effectiveness of Aerobic Endurance Training and Resistance Exercise on Reducing Daily Blood Sugar in The Elderly at The Puter Community Health Center Bandung City

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition that occurs when there is an increase in glucose levels in the blood because the body cannot produce insulin or use insulin effectively. Insulin is an important hormone produced in the body's pancreatic gland, which transports glucose from the bloodstream into the body's cells where the glucose is converted into energy. This study uses a comparative study with experimental method to find out the comparison results of the treatment given to samples from aerobic exercise intervention treatment with resistance exercise, The first group will do Aerobic Endurance Exercise by walking for 20 minutes. While the second group will do Resistance Exercise by doing strength training or resistance training for 20 minutes, rest time is 15 seconds and the movement is done as many as 2 sets and 10 repetitions. Subject characteristics based on average age (61.58 ± 6.50), body weight (71.86 ± 9.76), body height (157.27 ± 8.99), and BMI of elderly people suffering from diabetes mellitus falls into the obese category with a value of (27.71 ± 4.23). The value of aerobic before exercise is (26.41 ± 33.67) after exercise it decrease (11.74 ± 10.28), resistance exercise before exercise is (31.74 ± 54.10) after exercise it decrease (9.33 ± 23.46). In this study it can be concluded that aerobic endurance and resistance exercise can reduce the increase in blood sugar in the elderly, but when compared to the two exercises, resistance exercise suppresses the increase in blood sugar more, of course with the appropriate intensity.

Sulfadiazine degradation by hydroxyl radical and direct electron transfer pathways in the self-prepared boron doped diamond electrochemical process

Sulfonamide antibiotics are frequently detected in livestock wastewater, seriously harming the ecological environment and human health. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrochemical process has prominent potential in degrading organic pollutants from special industrial wastewater. In this work, the degradation efficiency and mechanism for sulfadiazine (SDZ) with the prepared BDD electrode were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy revealed a 2 μm thick, compact, and crack-free BDD film on silicon. The BDD's oxygen evolution potential was 1.47 V. About 93.3 % of SDZ in the synthetic wastewater was removed under the conditions of a current density of 40 mA/cm2, electrode spacing of 20 mm, electrolyte concentration of 40 mM, and an initial pH of 8. Hydroxyl radical and direct electron transfer (DET) mainly contributed to SDZ degradation based on specific quencher tests and electrochemical analysis. The possible transformation pathways of SDZ were proposed according to the detected oxidation products and DFT calculation, mainly including amino hydroxylation, sulfur dioxide extrusion, and pyrimidine heterocyclic ring opening. Furthermore, the toxicity of intermediates products markedly weakened compared to that of SDZ. The presence of ion chloride could slightly improve the removal of SDZ, while bicarbonate and phosphate inhibited the SDZ degradation. In addition, the efficient removal of chemical oxygen demand and SDZ in the effluent of aerobic biological treatment effluent of actual livestock wastewater was confirmed. To sum up, BDD electrochemical oxidation is a viable approach for the advanced treatment of livestock wastewater.