Aerobic Training Group Research Articles

Impact of concurrent training sequence on heart rate variability, glycemic control, body composition, lipid profile, and cardiorespiratory fitness in type 2 diabetes patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health concern, with cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) being a significant complication that exacerbates cardiovascular risks. Aerobic and resistance exercises are recognized for their benefits in managing T2DM, but the optimal integration of these modalities, especially for patients with T2DM, requires further exploration. ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of the sequence of aerobic and resistance training in a concurrent training regimen on heart rate variability (HRV), glycemic control, body composition, lipid profile, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with T2DM. MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 45 T2DM patients with CAN were allocated to three groups: a control group, an aerobic then resistance training (ART) group, and a resistance then aerobic training (RAT) group. Measurements were taken at baseline and after a 13-week intervention, assessing HRV, glycemic control, body composition, lipid profile, and CRF. ResultsBoth ART and RAT groups showed significant improvements in HRV, glycemic control, body composition, lipid profile, and CRF compared to the control group. Notably, there were no significant differences between ART and RAT groups in these outcomes, suggesting that the sequence of aerobic and resistance exercises in concurrent training does not significantly affect the health benefits attained. ConclusionConcurrent aerobic and resistance training, irrespective of the sequence, effectively improves HRV, glycemic control, body composition, lipid profile, and CRF in T2DM patients with CAN. This study supports the inclusion of concurrent training in exercise prescriptions for managing T2DM and its complications.

Multicomponent versus aerobic exercise intervention: Effects on hemodynamic, physical fitness and quality of life in adult and elderly cardiovascular disease patients: A randomized controlled study

ObjectiveCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of mortality globally, emphasizing the need for effective preventive measures. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a multicomponent compared to an aerobic training program on the hemodynamic parameters, physical fitness, psychophysical health status and quality of life (QoL) of adults and elderly with stabilized CVDs. MethodsThirty-three subjects (19M and 14F; age 69.5 ± 4.9 years; BMI 27.34 ± 4.95 kg/m2) suffering from CVDs voluntarily participated in this 10-week randomized controlled study and were allocated into three groups: multicomponent training group (MTG; 6M, 6F; cardiorespiratory, resistance, flexibility and breathing exercises; 60′, 2d·wk-1), aerobic training group (ATG; 7M, 5F; aerobic-only training; 60′, 2d·wk-1) or a wait-list control group (CG; 6M, 3F; no PA). Hemodynamic parameters were assessed through resting hearth rate (RHR) and peripheral-systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P-SBP/P-DBP). Physical fitness was assessed via a 30” chair stand test (30CST), timed up and go (TUG) test, handgrip strength (HGS) test, and 2’ step test (TMST). The health status, QoL and enjoyment were evaluated with short form-12 (SF-12), world health organization quality of life-bref (WHOQoL-bref) and physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES), respectively. ResultsAfter the intervention, MTG showed significant improvements in hemodynamic parameters (95 % CI, RHR: 2.76 to 9.07; P-SBP: 3.28 to 13.71; P-DBP: 3.56 to 8.94; p < 0.001), physical fitness (95 % CI, 30CST: 4.42 to −1.90; TUG: 0.56 to 1.58; TMST: 35.24 to −18.58; Dominant HGS: 4.00 to −1.65; Undominant HGS: 2.87 to −0.79, p < 0.001) and enjoyment (PACES: 15.18 to −5.48, p < 0.001) compared to CG; ATG showed significant improvement in hemodynamic parameters (95 % CI, RHR: 1.76 to 8.07; P-SBP: 3.19 to 13.63; P-DBP: 4.47 to 9.85, p < 0.001), physical fitness (95 % CI, 30CST: 2.59 to −0.07; TUG: 0.03 to 1.05; Dominant HGS: 2.42 to −0.07, p < 0.05; TMST: 36.08 to −19.41, p < 0.001) and enjoyment (PACES: 14.68 to −4.98, p < 0.001) compared to CG. No significant changes were observed in QoL and SF-12 (p > 0.05). Significant differences between MTG and ATG were only found in physical fitness variables (95 % CI, 30CST: 3.21 to −0.45, p < 0.01; Dominant HGS: 0.00 to 3.00, p < 0.05). ConclusionsFindings showed significant improvements in hemodynamic parameters and physical fitness suggesting the effectiveness of the multicomponent exercise program, similar to aerobic-only training, and greater efficacy for lower limb strength and dominant hand grip strength in adults and elderly with stabilized CVDs. Both exercise groups showed similar levels of enjoyment.

Effects of Different Physical Training Protocols on Metabolic Syndrome Indicators and the Activity of Butyrylcholinesterase in Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and affects children and adolescents. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is an enzyme associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different physical training protocols on MS indicators and their relationship with BChE activity. This randomized clinical trial included 80 adolescents randomly assigned to 4 groups (CG: Control Group; ATG: Aerobic Training Group; STG: Strength Training Group; and CTG: Concurrent Training Group). The EFC, lipid profile, glycemia, waist circumference, and blood pressure were analyzed. With the exception of the CG, all the groups underwent training protocols for 12 consecutive weeks, 4 times a week, as follows: (ATG: 75% of heart rate on an electric treadmill; STG: 85% of 1 maximum repetition; CTG: 20 min of aerobic training at the same intensity as the ATG, and 20 min of resistance training in the same way as the STG). The training reduced MS-related biomarkers, such as the lipid profile, glycemia, waist circumference, and blood pressure. STG reduced BChE activity. The training methods led to improvements in the majority of the MS indicators. In addition, aerobic training significantly reduced BChE activity after a 12-week training protocol. The results suggest that different types of exercise can benefit MS.

Cardiac autonomic modulation and exercise capacity in older adults with intellectual disability: A 6-month randomised control trial.

Despite reported physical and functional improvements with aerobic and sprint interval training (SIT) protocols in individuals with intellectual disability (ID), it is not known if these interventions' effectivity would promote improvements in cardiac autonomic modulation. This study aimed to investigate if a 6-month SIT or a continuous aerobic programme could enhance physical performance and cardiac autonomic modulation at rest, during physical activity (PA) and after it in older adults with an ID. This is a randomised control trial. Participants with ID (age: 50.58±7.25) were allocated to one of three groups [multicomponent aerobic training group (MATG), multicomponent interval sprint training group (MISTG) and control group (CG)]. The programmes lasted 24weeks, with three sessions/week, 75-90min per session. The HRV was analysed at rest and recovery, the delta of heart rate (HR) was analysed during 6MWT, and the HR t-off kinetics was analysed in recovery after 6MWT. There were not found differences between groups, moments, or interaction for cardiac autonomic modulation at rest and recovery. During exercise, only MSITG showed a significant increase of HR between rest and the first 30s of exercise (P<0.05). Physical performance increased only in MSITG (P<0.05), while CG showed a significant reduction (P<0.01). The MSITG improved the physical performance and the vagal withdrawal at the beginning of the submaximal exercise. These findings suggest that high-intensity exercise may positively impact baroreflex function, mitigating the decline in autonomic reflex response capacity associated with aging in individuals with ID.

Combined effects of strength and balance training versus aerobic training on balance, neuropathy symptoms and quality of life in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) occurs in >50% of diabetic patients and is a high risk-factor of balance problems and risk of falls. Impaired balance can lead to reduced function, which has a detrimental effect on patients' quality of life. Structured strength and balance training can result in sustained improvements in muscle strength, coordination, balance, functional status and quality of life. To determine the combined effects of strength and balance training versus aerobic training on balance, severity of symptoms of DPN, and quality of life in patients with DPN. This double blinded, two arm parallel design Randomized Clinical Trial. The study was conducted from March to December 2020 in the AIMS diabetic center Peshawar, Pakistan. Participants were selected through convenience sampling technique and randomly allocated into strength plus balance and aerobic training groups. Type 2 diabetic patients of both sexes, aged 40 to 80years, with a Toronto neuropathy score ≥6 recruited, while patients with ulceration/infection of feet, medical/Surgical conditions, and non-ambulatory patients were excluded from this study. Intervention was applied 3days a week for 8weeks. The Toronto clinical neuropathy system was used to assess neuropathy severity, SF-36 to assess quality of life and the Berg balance scale was used for assessment of balance. Assessment was done at the baseline and after 8weeks of intervention using SPSS. Version 22 was used for analysis. The mean age of the participants was 60.80±9.73. Between group analysis, which showed were statistically insignificant for neuropathy severity, balance and all domains of quality of life (p-value >0.05) except SF-36 General Health Perception Score, with Mean±SD of 62.50±7.54 in group A versus Mean±SD of in group B 60.00±15.98 (p-value=0.05). Within group analysis showed statistically significant results for neuropathy severity, balance and all domains of quality of life (p-value<0.05). This study concluded that there is a statistically significant effect of structured balance and strength training and aerobic training on severity of DPN, balance and quality of life. But there was no statistically significant difference in improvement between the two intervention groups.

Hypotensive effects of exercise training: are postmenopausal women with hypertension non-responders or responders?

We tested the hypothesis that increasing the exercise dose or changing the exercise mode would augment hypotensive effects when traditional aerobic exercise training failed to produce it in postmenopausal women. Sixty-five postmenopausal women with essential hypertension were randomly allocated into the continuous aerobic training (CAT) and non-exercising control (CON) groups. CAT group cycled at moderate intensity 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Individuals who failed to decrease systolic blood pressure (BP) were classified as non-responders (n = 34) and performed an additional 12 weeks of exercise training with either increasing the exercise dose or changing the exercise mode. The 3 follow-up groups were continuous aerobic training 3 times a week, continuous aerobic training 4 times a week, and high-intensity interval training. After the first 12 weeks of exercise training, systolic BP decreased by 1.5 mmHg (NS) with a wide range of inter-individual responses (-23 to 23 mmHg). Sixty-seven percent of women who were initially classified as non-responders participated in the second training period. Sixty percent of women who participated in continuous exercise training 3 or 4 times a week at greater exercise intensities reduced systolic BP. All (100%) of the women who performed high-intensity interval training experienced significant reductions in systolic BP. Traditional aerobic exercise was not sufficient to decrease BP significantly in the majority of postmenopausal women. However, those women who were not sensitive to recommended exercise may reduce BP if they were exposed to continuous aerobic exercise at higher intensities and/or volumes or a different mode of exercise.

Effects of different physical activity programs for elderly women

There is strong evidence of the benefits of physical activity (PA) for elderly. However, there is still no consensus as to whether one modality is superior to the others. The objective of this study was to compare three different PA programs for elderly women. The study included 107 participants between 60 and 75 years old that practiced PA in three different programs, which were: Strength Training Group (STG), Aerobic Training Group (ATG) and Adapted Sports Group (ASG). To evaluate body composition, we used the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Total Muscle Mass Index (TMSI), and for the functional tests we used the Sit-to-Stand Test (SST) and the Timed Up Go Test (TUGT). All participants of the three groups presented good physical performance, as the STG presented the best result in the SST, while in the TUGT the ASG was better. The study reinforces the need to stimulate the practice of PA for elderly, and that intrinsic motivation should be considered to offer something that is pleasurable and maintains their adherence to the program.

Community-based exercise program, self-reported health-related symptoms, and quality of life in persons with traumatic brain injury 45 + years old.

Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) have reported a lack of motivation, lack of time, and fatigue as perceived barriers to exercise. To evaluate the effects of an exercise program on self-reported health-related symptoms and quality of life in persons 45-years and older with msTBI. Post-hoc analysis of a prospective community-based 12-week exercise program of 20 adults, age 45-80 years, with msTBI. Ten were in aerobic exercise training (AET) program and 10 in a stretching and toning (SAT) program. The AET group was instructed to exercise based on their estimated maximal heart rate (HR) for 150 minutes weekly. The SAT group was to stretch for the same target time without significantly increasing HR or level of exertion. Outcome measures were Traumatic Brain Injury Quality of Life (TBI-QOL) for global, cognitive, emotional, and social health, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality. AET was associated with improved self-reported cognitive health and sleep compared to SAT. Moderate to large, positive effect sizes were also observed in the AET group in the QOL categories of global, emotional, and social health, and depressive symptoms. This study offers preliminary evidence that AET may improve health-related QOL, especially for cognition and sleep, in middle-aged and older adults with msTBI.

Coenzyme Q10 and exercise training reinstate middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced behavioral deficits and hippocampal long-term potentiation suppression in aging rats.

Patients experience post-stroke cognitive impairment during aging. To date, no specific treatment solution has been reported for this disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training and coenzyme Q10 supplementation on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced behavioral impairment, long-term potentiation inhibition and cerebral infarction size in aging rats. Fifty aging male rats underwent MCAO surgery and were randomly distributed in to the following groups: 1-Sham, 2- control, 3- Coenzyme Q10, 4- Exercise training and 5- Exercise training with Q10 supplementation (Ex + Q10). Aerobic training groups were allowed to run on a treadmill for 12 weeks. Q10 (50mg/kg) was administered intragastrically by gavage. Morris water maze, shuttle box and elevated plus maze tests were used to evaluate cognitive function. The population spike (PS) amplitude and slope of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) in the dentate gyrus area were recorded as a result of perforant pathway electrical stimulation. Our study showed that Q10 and aerobic training alone ameliorate spatial memory in the acquisition phase, but have no effect on spatial memory in the retention phase. Q10 and exercise training synergistically promoted spatial memory in the retention phase. Q10 and exercise training separately and simultaneously mitigated cerebral ischemia-induced passive avoidance memory impairment in acquisition and retention phases. The EPSP did not differ between the groups, but exercise training and Q10 ameliorate the PS amplitude in hippocampal responses to perforant path stimulation. Exercising and Q10 simultaneously reduced the cerebral infarction volume. Collectively, the findings of the present study imply that 12 weeks of aerobic training and Q10 supplementation alone can simultaneously reverse cerebral ischemia induced neurobehavioral deficits via amelioration of synaptic plasticity and a reduction in cerebral infarction volume in senescent rats.

Strength training improves functional capacity of individuals with chronic heart failure: Randomized clinical trial

IntroductionChronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by dyspnea, exercise intolerance and impaired quality of life. Physical exercise is a key point in the treatment of these outcomes. ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of 24 weeks of two different training strategies on functional capacity, muscle strength and quality of life in individuals with CHF. MethodsThe following tests and evaluations were performed before and after 24 weeks of training: exercise test, one-repetition maximum test (1- RM) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Subjects were randomized according to the modality they would perform first: aerobic training group (ATG – n=6) or strength training group (STG – n=7). ResultsThe sample consisted of 13 individuals (10 men), aged 55 ± 12 years and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 38.8 ± 5.3%. There was a significant increase in V'O 2peak only in STG (STG: 26.92 ± 9.81 vs 30.52 ± 8.39 mL.kg -1 .min -1 - p=0.025; ATG: 19.60 ± 7,00 vs 22.42 ± 8.54 mL.kg -1 .min -1 - p=0.119). Both groups showed significant improvements in muscle strength (STG: 45 ± 17 vs 51 ± 20 kg - p=0.001; ATG: 38 ± 19 vs 42 ± 20 kg - p=0.012). There was no significant difference in quality of life (STG: 30 ± 18 vs 24 ± 20 - p=0.109; ATG: 36 ± 16 vs 26 ± 15 - p=0.143). ConclusionThe early implementation of strength training improves functional capacity and muscle strength of individuals with CHF.

Effect of high intensity circuit training on muscle mass, muscular strength, and blood parameters in sedentary workers.

The study aim was to investigate the effect of high intensity circuit training on body composition, muscular performance, and blood parameters in sedentary workers. A total of 36 middle-aged sedentary female workers were randomly divided into high intensity circuit training (HICT) group, aerobic training (AT) group, and control (CON) group. The exercise training groups performed exercise three times per week for 8 weeks. In HICT, each session was 20-35 min with 2-3 rounds. Rounds were 8 min; the interval between rounds was 4-5 min. In AT, each exercise session comprised 20-35 min of aerobic dance training. Physiological parameters were measured 1 week before and after the interventions. The resulting data were analyzed using two-way mixed design ANOVA, the differences in body composition, muscular performance and blood parameters before and after training were compared. The muscle mass (pre-test: 21.19 ± 2.47 kg; post-test: 21.69 ± 2.46 kg, p < 0.05) and knee extension 60°/s (pre-test: 82.10 ± 22.26 Nm/kg; post-test: 83.47 ± 12.83 Nm/kg, p < 0.05) of HICT group were significantly improved, with knee extension 60°/s significantly higher than that of the CON group (HICT: 83.47 ± 12.83 Nm/kg; CON: 71.09 ± 26.53 Nm/kg). In the AT group, body weight (BW) decreased significantly (Pre-test: 59.37 ± 8.24 kg; Post-test: 58.94 ± 7.98 kg); no significant change was observed in CON group. The groups exhibited no significant change in blood parameters (hs-CRP, TC, and LDL-C) or IGF-1. Sedentary worker's muscle mass and lower-limb muscular performance were effectively improved by performing 8-week HICT with the benefits of short duration, no spatial constraints, and using one's BW, whereas AT caused a significant decrease in BW. However, the AT induced decrease in BW was probably an effect of muscle loss rather than exercise-induced weight loss.

The impact of aerobic endurance training on cognitive performance in schizophrenic inpatients in a clinical routine setting.

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of aerobic endurance training in schizophrenic inpatients on cognitive performance in a clinical routine setting. Of secondary interest was the influence on psychopathological symptoms. A total of 31 schizophrenic inpatients were randomly assigned to receive either controlled endurance training or occupational therapy. The experimental group underwent endurance training of 20-30min each, 3 times per week for a total of up to 22 training sessions. The control group received about 90min of occupational therapy, 2-3 times per week for up to 22 sessions. Cognitive performance was assessed via an extensive neuropsychological examination before randomization and prior to discharge. Significant improvements in cognitive functions and psychopathology could be shown in both groups. For verbal memory functions (short-term memory, working memory, and learning performance), there was a significant advantage for the aerobic endurance training group. Physical exercise is a feasible, easy-to-implement add-on therapy for schizophrenic patients in a clinical routine setting with positive effects on verbal memory functions. Besides, it seems important to fill the gap between inpatient and outpatient health care, providing physical training supply for this patient group.

Aerobic exercise attenuates LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress, glial activation, and neuroinflammation

Physical activity has been considered an important non-medication intervention in preserving mnemonic processes during aging. However, how aerobic exercise promotes such benefits for human health remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of aerobic exercise against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced amnesic C57BL/6J mice and BV-2 microglial cell models. In the in vivo experiment, the aerobic exercise training groups were allowed to run on a motorized treadmill 5 days/week for 4 weeks at a speed of 10 rpm/min, with LPS (0.1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally injected once a week for 4 weeks. We found that aerobic exercise ameliorated memory impairment and cognitive deficits among the amnesic mice. Correspondingly, aerobic exercise significantly increased the protein expressions of FNDC5, which activates target neuroprotective markers BDNF and CREB, and antioxidant markers Nrf2/HO-1, leading to inhibiting microglial-mediated neuroinflammation and reduced the expression of BACE-1 in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of amnesic mice. We estimated that aerobic exercise inhibited neuroinflammation in part through the action of FNDC5/irisin on microglial cells. Therefore, we explored the anti-inflammatory effects of irisin on LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. In the in vitro experiment, irisin treatment blocked NF-κB/MAPK/IRF3 signaling activation concomitantly with the significantly lowered levels of the LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 elevations and promotes the Nrf2/HO-1 expression in the LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Together, our findings suggest that aerobic exercise can improve the spatial learning ability and cognitive functions of LPS-treated mice by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation through its effect on the expression of BDNF/FNDC5/irisin.

Regular Intermittent Aerobic Exercise Reduces Arterial Stiffness Associated with Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Middle-Aged and Older Individuals

Hardening of arterial walls associated with elevated postprandial blood glucose levels increases the risk of cardiovascular disease; however, the impact of intermittent aerobic training on reducing arterial stiffness is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the chronic effects of intermittent aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness during hyperglycemia in middle-aged adults: 30 healthy middle-aged adults were randomly assigned to an 8-week intermittent aerobic training group (n = 15, jogging or running, 30 min/run, 3 times/week, 65% reserve heart rate) and a control group (n = 15, no training). Pulse wave velocity (PWV) of carotid-femoral (cf) and brachial-ankle (ba), heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose was measured before a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 30, 60, and 90 min after the test, before the exercise intervention, and 4 and 8 weeks after intervention. The baPWV and blood glucose levels before the intervention were elevated at 30, 60, and 90 min in both groups compared to levels before the 75 g OGTT (p &lt; 0.01). The baPWV and blood glucose levels after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention were unchanged in the training group compared to that before the 75 g OGTT, but increased at 30, 60, and 90 min in the control group compared to that before the 75 g OGTT (p &lt; 0.01). The baPWV and blood glucose levels at 30 and 60 min after the 75 g OGTT after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention were lower in the training group than in the control group (p &lt; 0.01). These results indicate that intermittent aerobic exercise training may reduce the acute increase in arterial stiffness after hyperglycemia.

ER stress improvement by aerobic training or enalapril differently ameliorates pathological cardiac remodeling in obese mice.

Overactivation of the classic arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the main mechanisms involved in obesity-related cardiac remodeling, and a possible relationship between RAS and ER stress in the cardiovascular system have been described. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate if activating the protective arm of the RAS by ACE inhibition or aerobic exercise training could overturn diet-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy by attenuating ER stress. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control (SC) or a high-fat diet (HF) for 16weeks. In the 8th week, HF-fed animals were randomly divided into HF, enalapril treatment (HF-En), and aerobic exercise training (HF-Ex) groups. Body mass (BM), food and energy intake, plasma analyzes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), physical conditioning, and plasma ACE and ACE2 activity were evaluated. Cardiac morphology, and protein expression of hypertrophy, cardiac metabolism, RAS, and ER stress markers were assessed. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak post-hoc. HF group had increased BM and SBP, and developed pathological concentric cardiac hypertrophy, with overactivation of the classic arm of the RAS, and higher ER stress. Both interventions reverted the increase in BM, and SBP, and favored the protective arm of the RAS. Enalapril treatment improved pathological cardiac hypertrophy with partial reversal of the concentric pattern, and slightly attenuated cardiac ER stress. In contrast, aerobic exercise training induced physiological eccentric cardiac hypertrophy, and fully diminished ER stress.

Efficacy of Low Impact Aerobic Training Versus Upper Limb Strengthening Exercise in Fatigue Level among Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: A disorder characterized by airway obstruction and breathing difficulty is known as chronicobstructive pulmonary disease. Fatigue is one of the typical signs and symptoms of COPD. Fatigue is the termused to describe a persistent feeling of exhaustion, and it can have a significant negative influence on person’scapacity to carry out everyday tasks.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze how low impact aerobic training and upper limb strengtheningexercise is effective in dyspnea and fatigue level among individuals with COPD.Materials and Methods: The 106 subjects were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria from HepzibaChest Clinic and Spirometry centre, Nagercoil. The pre and post-test values were measured using the BORG scaleand Fatigue Severity Scale. The subjects were allocated into two groups. Low impact Aerobic training group:(n=53)received aerobic training with conventional exercise and Upper limb strengthening group:(n=53) received upperlimb strengthening exercise with conventional exercise. The study was done for four weeks. The entire procedurewas performed from October 2022 to july 2023Results: When comparing the low impact Aerobic training group with upper limb strengthening group, the lowimpact Aerobic training group indicates significant (p&lt;0.0001) effect in lowering the fatigue level as assessed byBorg scale and Fatigue Severity Scale.Conclusion: The study concluded that Low impact Aerobic training had a significant effect compared to upperlimb strengthening exercise on Dyspnea and Fatigue Severity Scale among individuals with COPD.

The physiological and physical benefits of two types of concurrent training: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundIt is widely acknowledged that aerobic exercise and strength training are crucial components of most workout programs. However, there is no consensus as to whether the effectiveness of exercises is affected by the sequence in which they are performed. Therefore, the overarching aim of the study was to understand the optimal order of two types of concurrent training program for 13 weeks by comparing the effectiveness of the training on body composition, predicated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), dynamic respiratory parameters and muscle strength in healthy middle-aged people.MethodsThirty-three middle-aged individuals, who were categorized as moderately active based on their responses to International Physical Activity Questionnaires, underwent random allocation. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups: the Strength Training followed by Aerobic Training group (SAG, n = 16) and the Aerobic Training followed by Strength Training group (ASG, n = 17). Body composition, aerobic endurance, respiratory parameters, and upper and lower strength were assessed at baseline and after (post-test) a 13-week intervention. The chi-square test and the independent t-test were used to compare sociodemographic variables between the groups. A 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures (group x measurement) was conducted. The study was retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov in May of 2023 (clinicaltials.gov identifier: NCT05862415; in 04/25/2023).ResultsFindings showed no significant differences between the group in the VO2max, FVC or FEV1 (F = 1.122, 0.028, 0.06, 2.483; p > 0.05, respectively). Intragroup analysis revealed changes in PEF compared to baseline in the ASG (F = 5.895; p < 0.05). Increases were observed in all strength parameters for both training programs.ConclusionsThe concurrent training effect on muscle composition, oxygen consumption and muscle strength specifically 1RM, in middle-aged individuals are equivocal, regardless of the exercise order. The results indicate that both exercise sequences can elicit similar benefits in terms of cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength, and endurance. This lack of difference suggests that the order of exercise does not play a significant role in determining the effectiveness of the workout or the subsequent physiological adaptations.Clinicaltials.gov identifierNCT05862415. Date of registration: 04/25/2023

IMUNOMETABOLISMO TECIDUAL HEPÁTICO E MUSCULAR ESQUELÉTICO DE RATOS TREINADOS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical exercise can be an alternative for preventing and treating the harmful effects of obesity, mainly inflammatory effects on skeletal muscle and liver tissues. However, no consensus exists regarding this purpose's best physical training model. Objective: Evaluate morphological, metabolic, and inflammatory alterations in rats’ skeletal and hepatic muscle tissues caused by aerobic and resistance training. Methods: 24 Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (S), aerobic (AE), and resistance training (R) groups. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides were measured periodically. After euthanasia, body mass was measured to calculate the total mass gain during the experiment. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was measured. Adipose tissue was extracted to calculate its percentage relative to body mass and the liver, soleus, and gastrocnemius muscles for morphological analyses and concentrations of glycogen, lipids, and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α). The Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's post-test were performed for statistical analysis, adopting p&lt;0.05. Results: Both training models reduced the percentage of adipose tissue, body mass gain, and hepatic TNF-α concentration (p&lt;0.05). AE increased serum HDL, gastrocnemius fiber diameter and reduced the fractal dimension in the soleus (p&lt;0.05). R reduced blood glucose and serum and liver lipids, increased liver and soleus glycogen concentrations, increased gastrocnemius fiber diameter, and decreased TNF-α (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Both training models reduced body mass, relative visceral adipose tissue, serum total cholesterol concentration, and liver inflammation. However, resistance training was more effective in promoting metabolic effects in the liver and skeletal muscle and reducing muscle inflammation in rats. Level of Evidence V; Expert Opinion.

Dose-response effects of exercise on mental health in community-dwelling older adults: Exploration of genetic moderators

Background/Objective(1) Examine the role of exercise intensity on mental health symptoms in a community-based sample of older adults. (2) Explore the moderating role of genetic variation in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) on the effects of exercise on mental health symptoms. MethodThis study is a secondary analysis of a three-arm randomized controlled trial, comparing the effects of 6 months of high-intensity aerobic training vs. moderate-intensity aerobic training vs. a no-contact control group on mental health symptoms assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and APOE ε4 carrier status were explored as genetic moderators of exercise effects on mental health symptoms. ResultsThe exercise intervention did not influence mental health symptoms. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism did not moderate intervention effects on mental health symptoms. APOE ε4 carrier status moderated the effect of intervention group on perceived stress over 6 months, such that APOE ε4 carriers, but not non-carriers, in the high-intensity aerobic training group showed a decline in perceived stress over 6 months. ConclusionsAPOE ε4 carrier status may modify the benefits of high-intensity exercise on perceived stress such that APOE ε4 carriers show a greater decline in stress as a result of exercise relative to non-APOE ε4 carriers.

Comparison of Aerobic and Resistance Exercises on Myonectin Levels and Insulin Resistance in Overweight and Obese Women

Background: Obesity is a hormonal-metabolic disorder that leads to the abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat in the body due to lifestyle changes, especially inactivity and genetic predispositions. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic and resistance training on serum myonectin levels and insulin resistance in overweight and obese women. Methods: A total of 45 women aged 30 - 50 years who were either overweight or obese participated in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups, each consisting of 15 participants: Control (group I), resistance training (group II), and aerobic training (group III). The aerobic training group engaged in an eight-week running program with an intensity set at 50 - 70% of their maximum heart rate, following the principle of gradual overload. The resistance training group completed an 8-week program with three sessions per week. All data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26). Two-way analysis of variance in repeated measures and Bonferroni’s post hoc test were utilized, with significance set at P ≥ 0.05. Results: Both aerobic and resistance exercises resulted in a statistically significant difference in serum myonectin levels compared to the control group (P = 0.024 and P = 0.002, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed between the effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on this variable (P = 0.214). Similarly, both aerobic and resistance exercises led to a statistically significant difference in insulin resistance, compared to the control group (P = 0.028 and P = 0.001, respectively), with no significant difference observed between the effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on this variable (P = 0.068). Conclusions: In conclusion, 8 weeks of aerobic and resistance training, when performed separately by obese or overweight women, resulted in increased serum myonectin levels and improved insulin resistance. The aforementioned findings collectively indicate an enhancement in metabolic status, contributing to overall health improvement in individuals.