Practice Of Aerobic Exercise Research Articles

CENÁRIO DA LESÃO ARTICULAR EM EXERCÍCIOS AERÓBICOS E ESTRATÉGIAS DE RECUPERAÇÃO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Rehabilitation training and recovery strategies are very important for repairing joint injuries in aerobic exercise practitioners, requiring periodic updates on the state of the art for their trainers and rehabilitation professionals. Objective: Verify the current status of joint injuries in aerobic exercise practice and explore the means practiced for rehabilitation training. Methods: 90 aerobics athletes were selected as experimental subjects, and the experiment lasted 12 weeks. Injuries were recorded, and joint rehabilitation training was performed, according to the updated literature survey. Results: The total static resting parameters of the unaffected limbs of the experimental group showed changes from 2.90 ± 0.55 to 2.81 ± 0.52, the anterior and posterior axial static parameters increased from 2.03 ± 0.71 to 2.14 ± 0.73, the lateral axial static parameters showed no significant changes, following the parameters of the control group. The total static parameters at the rest of the injured limb in the experimental group showed changes from 3.76 ± 0.73 to 2.73 ± 0.72, while the control group parameters showed no significant changes. Conclusion: The joint rehabilitation training for aerobics athletes currently practiced has shown to be satisfactory for the recovery of knee joint injuries in aerobic exercise practitioners. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Arguments regarding the management of post-mastectomy sequels

The purpose of this paper is to highlight a less illustrated topic in Romanian bibliographic resources. According to the World Health Organization reports, breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. The sequelae of mastectomy are systematised as follows: conditions secondary to the application of local radiotherapy, systemic conditions after oncological treatment and psychosocial conditions. The most common side effect of the treatment applied for breast cancer is lymphoedema and, according to a study carried out in Pennsylvania, 42% of patients develop lymphoedema. Some authors classify it into mild, moderate and severe, but others highlight four stages of lymphoedema development. Physiotherapy has a major role in post-mastectomy recovery and requires various kinetic means, which can be both specific (physical exercise, hydrokinetic therapy, massage, posture) and non-specific (multilayer compression bandage and wearing a compression sleeve). Over time, a lot of clinical studies have been conducted on the implications of physical therapy for post-mastectomy functional recovery. Thus, physical exercise performed during the kinetic programme improves muscle strength, the activity of the cardiorespiratory system and self-esteem. Several authors recommend the practice of aerobic exercise and moderate-intensity exercise twice a week during chemotherapy treatment to prevent the development of lymphoedema.

The Association between Adiponectin Gene Polymorphism and Waist Circumference Changes in Obese/Overweight Adults after Aerobic Exercise and Diet Treatment

Background: The Indonesian basic health research survey reports that the prevalence of overweight/obese (ow/ob) adults was increased from 15% in 2010 to 20% in 2013 for male, and 26% in 2010 to 35% in 2013 for female. Adiponectin is associated with various parameters of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adiponectin gene polymorphism on waist circumference of ow/ob adults after aerobic exercise. Method: This experimental study was conducted on n=36 ow/ob women. This study used one group pre-posttest design. Respondents were instructed to perform alternately between aerobic exercise and OCD diet. The aerobic exercise was conducted three times a week. After conducting aerobic exercise, respondents performed OCD diet the following day. This alternating pattern was performed for 6 weeks. After performing 6-weeks aerobic exercise, waist circumference was then measured again. The measured variables were variation of adiponectin gene and waist circumference. The gene variation was performed at the Nechri Laboratory. Result: Overall, waist circumference was lowered from 80.42+-7.16 to 89.11+-6.67. The proportion of genetic variation proportion was found the highest in TT gene variation (75%). After aerobic exercise, waist circumference was significantly reduced in all TT and GT gene variation (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in waist circumference changes between gene variations. Conclusion: Gene variation did not directly contribute to the changes of waist circumference, but through the aerobic exercise practice plus OCD diet. Further study on a larger population and from a different characteristic and nutritional status is needed to see the effect of polymorphisms on anthropometric indices.

Awareness and practice of aerobic exercise and yoga among hypertensive patients in Anand city.

BACKGROUND:Aerobic exercise is helpful in reducing elevated blood pressure (BP). It was also found that yoga is useful in reducing raised BP. Thus, they both can be used in prevention and treatment of hypertension. Hence, the study aimed to observe both awareness and practice of aerobic exercise and yoga among hypertensive patients in Anand city.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. A questionnaire was prepared containing 24 questions about awareness and practice of aerobic exercise and yoga among hypertensive patients. The questions were explained to all the patients, and 200 patients were recruited from Anand city through convenience sampling.RESULTS:Two-hundred patients were included in this study, of which 100% were aware of hypertension. 67.68% were aware of the role of aerobic exercise in hypertension, of which 58.29% practiced them. The awareness of the role of yoga in hypertension was noted in 33.67% of patients, of which only 13.07% practiced pranayama and 9.50% practiced asanas.CONCLUSION:There was a complete awareness of hypertension among hypertensive patients. A large number of patients were aware of the role of aerobic exercise in hypertension, but only few of the patients practiced them. However, there was less awareness of the role of yoga in hypertension and even lesser number practiced them.

Histological and morphological studies of cardiac cells in response to aerobic exercise and rosemary extract in rat model of aging

Objective The average age of the world population is growing increasingly. Since aging is the biggest risk factor for cardiac diseases, the incidence of these types of disease will increase significantly in the near future. However, their occurrence may be prevented by some factors, such as the practice of aerobic exercise and the use of herbal medicine. Materials and methods Thirty male Wistar rats, at 18 months old each, were divided into 5 groups (n = 6): control (NO), gavage (GO), exercised (EO), extract-fed (EXO), and exercised and extract-fed (EEO). The animals of the GO group received distilled water and were put on a silent electric running machine. The animals of the EO and EEO groups were assigned to a treadmill training protocol at low and moderate intensities for 1 hour/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks. The animals of the EXO and EEO groups were treated with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the hearts of the rats were collected and submitted to hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory trichrome staining. Images of these stained samples were captured, and a morphometric analysis of the cardiac tissue was performed. Results The rats in the EO, EXO and EEO groups showed a reduction in the intercellular space when compared with those of the NO and GO groups. The rats in the EO and EEO groups showed an increase in the clarification of the intercalated discs and in the width of the cardiomyocytes, when compared with those in the other groups. The nuclei of the heart cells of the animals in the EXO group were seen as more euchromatic than others. Conclusion Aerobic exercise causes changes in the cardiac muscles of rats and confirms the capacity of the fibers to adapt to the requirements of the proposed aerobic exercise. The antioxidants found in rosemary extract improve cell activity to achieve a better performance. However, applying these two factors simultaneously indicates the reduction of their positive influences.

Asociación entre la realización de ejercicio e indicadores de funcionamiento físico y cognitivo. Comparativa de resultados en función de la edad

Background Gerontology research shows the importance of physical exercise for active aging. This study demonstrates the relationship between the practice of aerobic exercise, and physical fitness (muscle strength, respiratory capacity and motor speed) and cognitive performance (memory and visual-perceptual speed) and analyzes whether age is a modulating factor of this relationship. Material and methods The sample included 690 subjects with an age range of 30–85 years. The level of physical exercise was assessed using self-report form. Two sub-scales were used for the evaluation of cognitive performance: Digit Span Backwards and Digit Symbol (both are sub-scales of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - WAIS). The physical fitness was assessed using bio-behavioral measurements (strength, lung capacity, speed). To test the combined effect of exercise and age on the two variables (physical fitness and cognitive performance) two separate factorial analysis of variance were performed (procedure - general linear model: Univariate). Result The most significant result showed that scores on cognitive performance is a function of the intensity of the physical activity (F=4.8; P<0.002). With regard to physical fitness, its relationship with physical exercise is also significant (F=4.10; P<0.007) as well as the interaction between exercise and age (F=2.2; P<0.001). Conclusions The intensity in achieving aerobic exercise is associated with physical fitness and cognitive performance. Age has a specific weight in the association between exercise and physical fitness, this effect is higher in the older age groups (65–74 and 75–85 years for 30–49 and 50–64 years). These data suggest the compensatory effect of exercise on decline in old age.

Avaliação da produção de óxido nítrico em ratos, submetidos aos exercícios aeróbio e anaeróbio

Nitric Oxide (NO) exerts important influences in several physiological processes. In this work we evaluated the production of sanguine NO in Wistar rats, submitted to the acute aerobic and anaerobic exercises. The formation of nitric oxide was verified through the dosage of the end products of oxidation of the metabolism of nitric oxide (nitrates). For this we used the colorimetric Griess method. We verified the existence of a significant difference (p = 0.000261) in the production of NO among the accomplishment of the aerobic swimming and the anaerobic, where the aerobic was shown more efficient in the promotion of higher levels. The acute aerobic exercise with duration of at least 10 minutes was shown more effective in the requirement production of NO in relation to the 5 minutes exercise. The positive relationship observed between the aerobic exercise and the formation of NO can help to explain the beneficial effects of the exercise in the cardiovascular health. We know that the practice of aerobic exercise and your duration increases the biodisponibility of NO, which is an important physiologic regulator of the blood pressure.

Ioga versus atividade aeróbia: efeitos sobre provas espirométricas e pressão inspiratória máxima

To clarify whether, in healthy individuals, practicing yoga can modify maximal inspiratory pressure and spirometric indices when compared with the practice of aerobic exercise. MEYHODS: A controlled clinical trial. A total of 31 healthy volunteers were allocated to practice aerobic exercise (n = 15) or to practice yoga (n = 16). Those in the first group served as controls and engaged in aerobic exercise for 45-60 minutes, twice a week for three months. Those in the second group practiced selected yogic techniques, also in sessions of 45-60 minutes, twice a week for three months. Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and maximal inspiratory pressure were measured before and after the three months of training. No significant alterations were seen in the spirometric indices. A slight, although not significant, improvement in maximal inspiratory pressure was seen in both groups. However, there was a significant difference, seen in both genders, between the absolute delta (final value minus baseline value) of maximal inspiratory pressure for the group practicing yoga and that obtained for the group engaging in aerobic exercise (males: 19.5 cm H2O versus 2.8 cm H2O, p = 0.05; females: 20 cm H2O versus 3.9 cm H2O, p = 0.01). Neither yoga nor aerobic exercise provided a statistically significant improvement in maximal inspiratory pressure after three months. However, the absolute variation in maximal inspiratory pressure was greater among those practicing yoga.

Marathon runners presented lower serum cholesteryl ester transfer activity than sedentary subjects

Acute exercise promotes raised HDL cholesterol concentrations by lipolysis stimulation, but this effect is insufficient to explain the more permanent HDL increases seen during regular exercise. During training periods in a group of marathon runners, we measured lipid transfer protein I (LTP-I)-mediated cholesteryl ester transfer activity (CETA) and its relationship to their HDL concentrations. Runners of both sexes showed significantly lower CETA values than those of sedentary controls. Male runners also had significantly lower serum concentrations of triglyceride, VLDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, and significantly higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I than male controls. Results indicate that regular practice of aerobic exercise promotes modifications of lipoprotein metabolism related not only to lipolysis, but also to lower CETA. Such modifications are associated with reduced risk of atherosclerosis.

Aerobic Fitness May Contribute to CNS Health: Electrophysiological, Visual and Neurocognitive Evidence

Relationships between aerobic fitness and CNS functioning, as defined by performance on neuropsychological and electrophysiological measures, were investigated in an exercise intervention study and in a cross-sectional study of young and older men with high and low fitness levels. The intervention study revealed that a 4-month walking program resulted in a 27% increase in maximum oxygen utilization (V02max) for previously sedentary 55-70 year old men and women. This increase in aerobic fitness was accompanied by significant improvement in response time, visual sensitivity, and performance on a battery of cognitive tests. The cross-sectional study showed: 1) that physically active older men could achieve and maintain V02max levels higher than those of sedentary men 30 years younger; 2) that aerobic fitness was generally associated with superior performance on measures of EEG, event-related potentials, visual sensitivity, and cognitive efficiency; and 3) that significant decrements in performance on ourelectrophysiological and neuropsychological measures had occurred by 50-62 years of age in healthy men. The positive relationships we observed between aerobic fitness and our dependent measures suggest that the practice of aerobic exercise may contribute to better CNS functioning, perhaps the result of exercise induced increases in cerebral oxygenation.