Aerial Photo Map Research Articles

Utilization of the DJI Phantom 3 Advance Quadcopter Type Drone Vehicle for Area Mapping of the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic Campus

This research is motivated by the fact that currently remote sensing technology continues to develop, both in terms of data collection and processing. This is characterized by the existence of data collection techniques using unmanned aerial vehicles for aerial photo mapping. The advantage of using this technology is that it is effective and efficient both in terms of time and human resources for mapping in areas that are not too large. Another advantage is that it can produce clearer photos, because the plane's flying height is below 400 meters above ground level so that during the shooting process there is no cloud interference. The aim of this research is to create an aerial photo map at the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic, validate objects in aerial photos and in the field, and provide information about the area, boundaries and topography of the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic campus area. The implementation of activities and research objects is the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic campus area. This research uses a small format aerial photo mapping method using a Quadcopter, making it easier to determine where to start taking off and landing. With a Quadcopter vehicle, grounding problems are no longer an obstacle. The research results showed that photography carried out with a Quadcopter at a height of 200 m above the ground produced an area of 28.17 Ha and a spatial resolution of 8.40 cm/pixel. The validation results in aerial photos and in the field using drones have a small difference between 0-4 cm with an average of 1.625 cm/photo. From the digitization results of campus objects, there are 30 objects on campus with a total area of 2.67 Ha. As for the topography results in the campus area, the highest point is 107.5 meters above sea level and the lowest point is 60 meters above sea level.

MEMBANGUN KEMAMPUAN SPASIAL LEWAT PELATIHAN PEMETAAN DENGAN TEKNOLOGI DRONE

Drone technologys are now widely used not only for taking photos, videos, but also for mapping. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct mapping training activities with drone technology so that participants can improve their competence in using drones for mapping. Training purposes are 1) To provide an understanding of spatial knowledge through training with drone technology, 2) To increase competence related to Mapping using drones and 3) To produce high resolution maps. The methods or stages of training activities are 1) Coordination of training implementation with cooperation partners, 2) Preparation of training materials, 3) Opening of registration, 4) Opening of Training Classes, 5) Training of spatial data retrieval using drones, 6) Training of Spatial Data Processing from Drones. The results of the mapping training activity with drone technology were attended by 73 participants, of which 29 participants were declared passed and received certificates. Participants who passed were participants who had followed all the training materials and submitted aerial photography and contour maps assignments. Mapping training activities are carried out in online and offline blended learning. Online activities are carried out when opening classes, delivering material, processing data and closing classes, while offline activities are when the practice of taking aerial photos using drones will be used as data processing material. In addition, the results of the training activities include aerial photo maps and high-resolution contour maps from aerial photographs with drones made by training participants.

Pemetaan Udara Dengan Pesawat Tanpa Awak Untuk Survey Cepat Karhutla Di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

The capital city of Central Kalimantan, namely Palangka Raya City, almost every year there are always forest and land fires that harm many people both economically, socially and environmentally which will certainly hinder the development of this city, Palangka Raya has a fire-prone area of 33,824 ha. Monitoring forest and land fires with manual field visits which can be very time consuming. To shorten the time and expand the ability to monitor forest and land fires, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or drone images is one solution to map fire-prone areas in all fields. The aerial photography produced by the UAV is processed using the photogrammetric method to produce a responsible aerial photo map covering an area of 41.92 with 17 benchmark points to block fires in the UPR campus forest from spreading.

Pembuatan peta photo udara Desa Wonosari menggunakan UAV Fixed Wing

Wonosari Village has natural resources such as agriculture, plantations and tourism. Plantation sector such as oil palm and rubber. In the tourism sector, Wonosari Village has forest areas that are wide enough to be used as an attraction for the village, such as natural forests, outbound places, as campsites, and reservoirs/lakes. To maximize this potential, it takes careful and comprehensive planning. Large-scale aerial images maps are a solution to serve as guidelines in determining and policymakers. In these activities, the method used is the use of UAV Fixed Wing. The results are in the form of orthophoto aerial imagery with an area of 1577 hectares. The advantage of aerial photo maps is the real appearance of objects with high resolution. The village government can use this aerial photo map to determine village administrative boundaries, “rukun tetangga” and “rukun warga” boundaries, guidelines in making master plans as well as supporting data in determining village profiles.

Analysis of the Tsunami Evacuation Route in Kunjir Village and Way Muli Village, South Lampung Regency

This research was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of existing evacuation routes in Kunjir Village and Way Muli Village by calculating the level of safety of the population when evacuating in the event of a tsunami disaster. The data used are direct field observations, topographic maps derived from aerial photo mapping results, existing conditions of evacuation routes, gathering conditions, evacuation direction signs, and data on tsunami wave heights that may occur in the study area. We analyze the tsunami disaster evacuation route using Network Analyst in ArcGIS. Furthermore, the evacuation route is determined which has a road width of more than 2 m so that not all roads in both villages are used as evacuation routes. In determining the evacuation point modeling tsunami inundation is used with a wave height of 4 m. Later the route and direction of the nearest evacuation route will be known to the safe evacuation point. Based on the results of the study, the number of evacuation routes in Way Muli Village amounted to 5 with 4 site points while in Kunjir Village there were 7 with 4 site points that could be used as evacuation sites. The farthest distance from the evacuation route to the evacuation site in Way Muli Village is 441.5 m with a travel time of 4 minutes and for Kunjir Village is 704.3 m with a travel time of 6.38 minutes.

Building density derived from aerial photo mapping for physical vulnerability reduction in earthquake hazard zone of Sengon village, Central Java

<p><em>Building density is an important parameter for earthquake vulnerability mapping. Sengon village, Klaten, Central Java, which located in active fault zone of Opak is still lack of strategies for risk reduction in relation to physical vulnerability, especially to building density. The aims of this research is to 1) calculate the building density, 2) identify the relation of building density and population number, and 3) propose vulnerability reduction planning for physical characteristic. Building density calculate from aerial photo mapping. This method is robust and effective, resulting data of building density that Dusun Belan is the densest. In Sengon village, building density and population has positive correlation. Most of buildings is inhabited by 1-2 households. Sengon village can adapt several strategies for vulnerability physical reduction, i.e. a) design a strong and eco-friendly earthquake building especially for building inhabited by>3 HH, b) provide an open space and evacuation route in denser building area. </em></p>

Spatial Dynamics of Invasive Para Grass on a Monsoonal Floodplain, Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia

African para grass (Urochloa mutica) is an invasive weed that has become prevalent across many important freshwater wetlands of the world. In northern Australia, including the World Heritage landscape of Kakadu National Park (KNP), its dense cover can displace ecologically, genetically and culturally significant species, such as the Australian native rice (Oryza spp.). In regions under management for biodiversity conservation para grass is often beyond eradication. However, its targeted control is also necessary to manage and preserve site-specific wetland values. This requires an understanding of para grass spread-patterns and its potential impacts on valuable native vegetation. We apply a multi-scale approach to examine the spatial dynamics and impact of para grass cover across a 181 km2 floodplain of KNP. First, we measure the overall displacement of different native vegetation communities across the floodplain from 1986 to 2006. Using high spatial resolution satellite imagery in conjunction with historical aerial-photo mapping, we then measure finer-scale, inter-annual, changes between successive dry seasons from 1990 to 2010 (for a 48 km2 focus area); Para grass presence-absence maps from satellite imagery (2002 to 2010) were produced with an object-based machine-learning approach (stochastic gradient boosting). Changes, over time, in mapped para grass areas were then related to maps of depth-habitat and inter-annual fire histories. Para grass invasion and establishment patterns varied greatly in time and space. Wild rice communities were the most frequently invaded, but the establishment and persistence of para grass fluctuated greatly between years, even within previously invaded communities. However, these different patterns were also shown to vary with different depth-habitat and recent fire history. These dynamics have not been previously documented and this understanding presents opportunities for intensive para grass management in areas of high conservation value, such as those occupied by wild rice.

Large Scale Mapping Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-Photogrammetry To Accelerate Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) (Case Study: Ciwidey Village, Bandung Regency, Indonesia)

Technical Guidance for Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) describes that implementation of PTSL requires a land registration base map for mapping of land parcels. The land registration base map uses aerial photo maps, high-resolution imagery maps, and vector maps. A PTSL was undertaken to solve overlapping problems. Currently, UAV can be used to accelerate mapping because the UAV system is able to observe the earth’s surface at low altitude and still fulfill the accuracy requirements of land mapping. To support the PTSL, a large scale land registration base map is needed, in this case will be done using UAV. Case study is located in Ciwidey Village, Bandung regency, which does not have base map of land registration, has hilly terrain, and ± 332 ha area. The method of making land registration base map is using UAV-photogrammetry method and Ground Control Point (GCP) measurement is done by using GPS-static method for base point measurement and using real-time-kinematic method (RTK) for GCP measurement. The analysis of the results of this large-scale mapping is using the standard of accuracy as recommended by American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) 2014. The horizontal accuracy obtained from ortho-photo processing has fulfilled the ASPRS standard for 1: 1000 scale photo maps.

Evaluation of Participatory Mapping to Develop Parcel-Based Maps for Village-Based Land Registration Purpose

Validating land boundaries and their ownership status have become a huge task to be completed by local land offices in Indonesia. In order to accelerate the validation process, government-facilitated participatory mapping processes which have been endorsed by many local land offices. This study examines the applicability of participatory approaches in validating land boundaries for supporting land registration processes. Aerial photo-map was used as the base to plot land parcels, which later was used to produce a working map. Field surveys were conducted to verify land boundaries. The availability of participatory land parcel map was not only useful to accelerate land registration processes, but was also able to serve as a visual tool which helps anticipating boundary disputes and land development at village level. The results of the study shown that participatory map contributed in improving quality of land registration map but suffers level of detailing in respect to actual shape and area of land boundaries.

Biography of Professor M. El-Bahay Issawi

Prof. Mohamed El-Bahay Issawi is a remarkable geologist and is without doubt one of the most important Egyptian geologists ever. His work in the Western Desert is extensive and legendary, and it is hard to imagine any single geologist ever again matching the extent of his field work in that remote region. He has had an enormously productive career involving a wide variety of research and applied topics. He discovered the Abu Tartur phosphate deposits, iron ore deposits of the Bahariya Oasis, and the Kalabsha kaolin deposits south of Aswan. He did extensive field work and aerial-photo mapping of the Western Desert over many years and authored many carefully documented papers that are still cited today. He wrote several books about the Phanerozoic geology of Egypt. Prof. Issawi has served his science and his nation over his long and outstanding career.

Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change: A New Zealand story.

ABSTRACT Rouse, H.L, Blackett, P., Hume, T.M., Bell, R.G, Britton, R. and Dahm, J., 2013. Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change: a New Zealand story. The requirement for using a participatory approach to consider options for adapting to climate change is well documented, but there are some key challenges of engaging with communities, especially over the complexities of projected climate change impacts and possible adaptation options. Here we describe the development of a two-stage method aimed to overcome these challenges, and the testing of this method in a coastal community in Whitianga on the Coromandel Peninsula, North Island of New Zealand. First, at an Open Day we used projections of sea-level rise driven changes to coastal inundation, erosion and habitat change and mapped them on large aerial-photo maps to use as the basis for a participatory mapping exercise. The purpose of the Open Day was to elicit input on valued aspects of the Whitianga community that might be at threat from climate change. Sec...

Geomorphic response to minor cyclic climate changes, San Diego County, California

Short-term episodic cycles of wet and dry patterns of climate are common in southern California. Wet intervals, like the one in 1978-83, are often characterized by more than double the average annual precipitation. The impact of these episodic climatic fluctuations on landforms and surficial processes has not been well documented for areas inland of the coast. The response to these cycles may be significant in the evolution of hillslopes and fluvial landforms, and may have significant implications for geologic hazards in this rapidly developing region. Using aerial photographs and field investigations we found little response to the 1978–1983 wet interval on upland hillslopes, but documented significant response on alluvial fans and in channels in desert piedmont areas. These observations may lend support to the Langbein-Schumm (1958) model relating sediment yield to precipitation. A variety of techniques, including dendrogeomorphology, studies of the weathering of clasts, soil stratigraphy, and aerial photo mapping were used to discern at least six units on alluvial fans ranging from Late Pleistocene to present. Terraces along active fan channels and the San Felipe River record a geomorphic record of the most recent wet intervals (ca. 1940 and 1980) as a significant depositional event. Geomorphic responses to the wet interval along the San Felipe River were complex, varying locally according to controls on sediment storage and downstream transfer through a recently integrated drainage system. Additional complex responses to the wet period were experienced in selected sites where antecedence and response times may be measured in months or even years.

Vegetation type discrimination on Landsat TM data in heterogeneous forested landscape of Western Ghats—Accuracy evaluation from large scale aerial photo maps

In the present study, forest type classification using Landsat TM False Colour Composite (FCC) bands 2, 3, 4 has been evaluated for mapping highly heterogeneous forest environment of Western Ghats (Kerala). Visual interpretation of Landsat TM FCC has been carried out to identify bioclimatic vegetation types. For accuracy estimation maps prepared from 1∶15,000 scale black-and-white aerial photographs have been used as ground check data. For comparison aerial photomap classes have been aggregated to match with Landsat-TM-derived map. The classification accuracy of ten major bioclimatic and landcover types was estimated using systematic sampling procedure. The overall classification accuracy of the forest types for the study area was 88.33%.

Grazing behavior of rangeland beef cows differing in milk production

Differences in grazing behavior among Hereford (HH), 50% Angus-50% Hereford (AH), 50% Simmental-50% Hereford (1S1H) and 75% Simmental-25% Hereford (3S1H) lactating cows grazing foothill range were measured using vibracorders and pedometers to estimate daily grazing hours and distance traveled, respectively. There were four 10-day grazing periods during July and August. Cow weight, calf weight and milk production estimates were taken prior to Periods 1 and 4. During Periods 1, 2 and 4, the 48 cows were located on a daily basis between 06.00 and 09.00 h, and each animal location was recorded on gridded aerial photo maps. Pasture use was defined as the amount of total area utilized for grazing for the four periods. The overall mean for daily grazing hours was 9.4 h day −1 (633 observations) and no significant breed type differences were found. Daily grazing hours increased from 8.0 to 10.0 h day −1 during the 40-day observation period. Milk production and calf age significantly influenced daily grazing hours and the partial regression coefficients were 0.05 h·day −1·kg·day −1 and −0.02 h·day −1·day −1, respectively. The overall mean distance traveled was 4.7 km day −1 (82 observations) and followed the same trend as daily grazing hours. For each kilometer of travel, 2h were spent grazing during the four grazing periods. The 1S1H cows traveled less ( P < 0.05) than HH, AH and 3S1H cows. Breed type means were 5.0, 4.8, 4.1 and 4.8 km day −1 for HH, AH, 1S1H and 3S1H cows, respectively. The overall mean for pasture use was 103 ha per cow (47 observations) and breed type was not significant in explaining variation in pasture use. For each kilogram increase in calf weight (adjusted for cow condition), pasture use increased by 0.5 ha ( P < 0.05). Thus, the grazing behavior of different breed types under rangeland conditions was similar.

Recent trends in the production of orthophotos and stereo-orthophotos

International trends in the production and application of orthophoto maps are systematized on the basis of trends in aerial photography in West Germany (increasing number of flights, predominance of scales larger than 1:20 000, growing application of color and color infrared photography, as well as of scanners). Trends in orthophotography are derived on the basis of the Austrian practice (application of two different image materials for data acquisition and for image projection, edition of the Aerial Photo Map 1:10 000, color infrared orthophotos as basis for an environmental cadastre, and so on). Experiences with stereo-orthophotos are treated in a special section. The STEREOGRAPH for compiling stereo-orthophotos has been described in the hope that it would facilitate the application of stereo-orthophotos in other disciplines. Finally, the paper reports on producing large-format orthophotos of scanner images.

Mobility of White-Tailed Deer in South Texas

The movements of white-tailed deer in southern Texas were studied from 1962-1967. Sixtytwo deer were live-trapped, individually marked, and their movements observed and plotted on aerial photomaps of the study area. The average observed maximum movement was 1.39 miles with 9 movements exceeding 2 miles. The objective of this study was to determine the size of area necessary for management of white-tailed deer as resident wildlife in the chaparral brush type habitat of southern Texas. Deer movements and home ranges have been studied in the Edwards Plateau by Hahn (1945), Hahn and Taylor (1950), and Thomas et al. (1964), and on the Gulf Coastal Prairie (Welder Wildlife Refuge) by Michael (1965); however, vegetative and topographic heterogeneity make studies in other habitats imperative. The findings of this study are supported by 163 sightings, 7 hunter kill reports, and 4 carcass discoveries of marked deer.

Limnology of the Middle Mississippi River and Adjacent Waters. Lakes on the Leveed Floodplain

A survey of four lakes (Coose, Big, Sand, and Mud) on the floodplain of the Mississippi River near Quincy, in Adams County, Illinois, was conducted from August, 1949, to July, 1952, to study seasonal and annual variations in the plankton and the bottom fauna in relation to environmental factors. All of the lakes included in this study occupied meander depressions formed by stream action on the floodplain. This is clearly shown in an aerial photo map of part of the South Quincy Drainage District (fig. 1). This map shows three of the lakes studied, as well as other bodies of water occupying parts of an old stream channel. Differences in natural and cultivated vegetation and in soil structure indicate former limits of the old channel, only a small part of which was occupied with water. The lakes were very shallow, and the bottom, when exposed, presented a saucer-like form. They were of relatively uniform depth, and there were no deep parts. Any depression, such as that created by dredging, was soon obliterated by wave action which drifted bottom materials into the depression and filled it. Finch and Trewartha ('1936) have described the physiographic changes occurring as a result of stream action on a valley floor.