Aerial Photo-interpretation Techniques Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF WEB GIS APPLICATIONS FOR MONITORING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN SUNGAI KAKAP DISTRICT, KUBU RAYA REGENCY

<p>Good agricultural development planning requires an accurate and real-time database. This is very important to see the development and level of welfare of farmers as the spearhead of food security. Sungai Kakap Sub-district, Kubu Raya Regency is one of the sub-districts with the number of Gapoktan (23), Poktan (284), the number of members (6305) with Field Agricultural Extension Workers (PPL) since 2019 totalling 9 civil servants and 14 people helping themselves. The number of PPLs is not proportional to the number of farmer group members, making supervision of agricultural activities difficult. The presentation of information in the form of Web GIS is expected to be a solution so that assistance, guidance, and counselling carried out by the government through the agriculture office can be right on target. The purpose of this research is to build a Web GIS-based Agricultural Information System in Sungai Kakap District so that it can be used as a model for agricultural monitoring activities in other areas. The engineering method in this research uses Remote Sensing and Waterfall methods. Remote Sensing is a method of building spatial data using aerial photo interpretation techniques, while Waterfall is used to build a web GIS as a place to display spatial data. The result of this research is Software Engineering in the form of a Web GIS-based Agricultural Information System Application. This Web GIS application can then be used as a tool to monitor the agricultural activities of each farmer group member in each farmer group.</p>

Assessing Wetland Changes in the Prairie Pothole Region of Minnesota From 1980 to 2007

Abstract Wetlands in the Minnesota Prairie Pothole Region are critical landscape elements because of their unmatched importance to breeding waterfowl, and other wildlife. They provide vast benefits to store runoff or act as nutrient sinks and offer other environmental and socio-economic returns. Data on location, extent and types of wetlands collected by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory is used for developing conservation strategies and evaluating net landscape changes affecting fish and wildlife populations. Minnesota wetlands were mapped 27 y ago by the National Wetlands Inventory. We examined 176 10.2-km2 (4-mi2) sample plots in the Minnesota Prairie Pothole Region, using aerial photo interpretation techniques, to determine the current accuracy of the National Wetlands Inventory data used in the eastern Prairie Pothole Region for conservation planning and evaluation. We stratified our analysis by Bailey's (1995) Ecological Subsections. We estimated that across the entire Minnesota Prairie Pothole Region 4.3% of wetland area has been lost since 1980 with losses varying from 0 to 15% among Ecological Subsections. Implications of these findings suggest that National Wetlands Inventory data should be regularly updated in areas subject to rapid wetland change.

Attempted Understorey Characterization Using Aerial Photography in Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh, India

Remote sensing is being widely used in the fields of resource management, planning, and wildlife habitat evaluation. Canopy cover-type mapping has been done in most of the bioclimatic zones of India and widely abroad, using aerial photointerpretation techniques. In the present study an attempt has been made to develop a methodology for mapping understorey vegetation in part of Kanha National Park, using 1:10,000-scale black-and-white aerial photographs.The Park, one of the best for Tiger (Felis tigris) visibility and observation of other large carnivores and herbivores, has been mapped, with subdivision into 11 vegetation cover-classes and four density-classes, using aerial photographs, and each class has been visited in the field for understorey information concerning different physiographic units. Each category of canopy-cover was sampled in the field, and tree base-cover per hectare has been estimated.Vertical profiles have also been drawn in the main vegetation classes in order to understand the occurrence of understorey vegetation. It was found that a physiographic analysis coupled with canopy-cover type and density, with appropriate sampling in the individual vegetation strata, have together proved indicative of understorey vegetationtype. When the relationship between understorey vegetation and canopy-cover type is established, one can directly depict understorey limits spatially in conjunction with the main vegetation cover. Such an approach of mapping understorey vegetation using aerial photographs could be of immense value for wildlife habitat evaluation and park management.

Preliminary assessment of airborne imaging spectrometer and airborne thematic mapper data acquired for forest decline areas in the Federal Republic of Germany

This study evaluated the utility of data collected by the high-spectral resolution Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (AIS-2, tree mode, spectral range 0.8–2.2 μm) and the broad-band Daedalus Airborne Thematic Mapper (ATM, spectral range 0.42–13.0 μm) in assessing forest decline damage at a predominantly Scotch pine forest in the Federal Republic of Germany. Analysis of spectral radiance values from the ATM and raw digital number (DN) values from AIS-2 showed that higher reflectance in the near infrared was characteristic of high damage (heavy chlorosis, limited needle loss) in Scotch pine canopies. A classification image of a portion of the AIS-2 flight line, generated using log residual data in conjunction with the SPAM “Find” algorithm, agreed very well with a damage assessment map produced by standard aerial photointerpretation techniques. Results suggest that fine feature spectral differences in canopy reflectance have been detected in the near and short wave infrared by the AIS-2 and these features correspond with visual evidence of damage. The exact nature of these spectral fine features is not presently understood. These preliminary results indicate that both visible as well as near and short wave infrared reflectance features do characterize increasing damage in Scotch pine.

Use of aerial photo-interpretation techniques for land evaluation of a part of Bolangir district, Orissa

The land evaluation has been of paramount importance for the planned development and resource utilization of an area, specially for locating better potential zones for increasing agricultural production. Large areas in the country are yet to be evaluated based on their productivity and potentiality. A case study was undertaken in a part of Bolangir district of Orissa, by using small scale aerial photographs.

Use of aerial photo-interpretation techniques for watershed management studies in drought prone areas

In the semiarid regions of the country a large part is subjected to drought in the years of scanty rainfall. In order to improve agricultural conditions of these regions soil and water management programmes are taken up Use of aerial photo-interpretation techniques can be successfully employed for data collection purposes for these areas. The important diciplines are Geology, Geomorphology, Soils, Hydrology and Land Use where aerial Photographs can be most commonly used. A brief decription of drought prone area in Gokak Taluq of Belgaum district is given which demonstrates the basic interrelationship of physiographic unit with geological conditions, soils and hydrology. A scientific planning of drought prone area requires control measures on watershed basis. Accurate delineation of watersheds and subwatershed is feasible through the use of aerial photographs, which also serve as base maps for compilation of other kinds of data as well.

Aerial Photographs and Forest Maps in India

A comparative case study of forest cover type mapping from 1:10,000 scale black and white panchromatic aerial photographs and by conventional ground methods of Gudem Reserve Forest of Kaghaznagar Forest Division of Andhra Pradesh Forest Department has been made. The study highlights the advantages of mapping from aerial photographs. The study indicates about the cost and time required for forest cover type mapping by aerial photo-interpretation techniques which is about half, and nearly one fourth respectively, of that required by ground methods.

Use oe aerial photograph for study of soil salinity and landscape relationship in parts of Haryana

In order to know the development of soil salinity and alkalinity in relation to landform, a systematic approach has been adopted by using aerial photo-interpretation techniques followed by field checks. The major land form units identified in the area are (i) alluvial upland (ii) low land (iii) back-swamp areas (iv) remanent horstland (v) interfiuve (vi) abandoned channel (vii) plain undifferentiated and (viii) plain with aeolian activity. salt accumulation is pronounced in landform units (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) due to configurating slopes and basement ridge control, whereas in landform units (v) and (vi), a patchy distribution of salinity has been found. Landform units (vii) and (viii) are free from this hazard The elements of landscape have controlled the distriburion of salts within each landscape.

Aerial photo-interpretation techniques for appraisal of house density tested on Bikaner city, India

In this paper house density has been calculated on medium scale photographs and efforts have been made to recognize the physical characteristics of houses on aerial photographs for the purpose of house density mapping. Although the aerial photographs reveal wealth of information regarding the houses, only the residential plots as house units have been taken into account for the present study.

Hydrogeomorphology of the central Luni basin, Western Rajasthan, (India)

This paper examines the interrelationships and interactions of the geomorphic features and the various hydrological parameters which control the development of water potential zones in the central Luni basin. Aerial photo-interpretation techniques were used to delineate the boundaries of geomorphological features, and facilitated the identification of twelve types of aquifers in eight geomorphological settings. The water potentials of these aquifers have been evaluated by taking into consideration nine important hydrological parameters which together govern water quality and yield. This investigation has revealed that the development of zones of ground-water potential is principally governed by the geomorphic characteristics of the terrain, which in turn is controlled by lithological variability, geological structure, drainage pattern, climatic characteristics, etc. The relevance of geomorphic characteristics has been evaluated by weight point analysis. Based on these findings, it is suggested that detailed studies of geomorphic features are of paramount significance for the rapid delineation of possible ground-water potential zones in arid and semi-arid regions.

An attempt towards mapping of land use of Dehra Dun city using aerial photo-interpretation techniques

The Paper describes an effort made in mapping the existing Land Use in the City Centre of Dehra Dun, using Aerial Photo-interpretation techniques. An attempt is also made towards evolving a suitable land use classification for an Indian Urban situation as well as to test the land use classification scheme designed by the Town and Country Planning Organization (TCPO), Delhi. Black and white aerial photographs on a scale of 1:11,000 (approximately) taken by a wide angle lens camera were used. Field verification of random samples was carried out to check the validity of classification.