Aerated Lightweight Concrete Research Articles

Review on Aerated Lightweight Concrete Challenges and Application

This study explores the use of environmentally friendly Aerated Lightweight Concrete (ALC) in constructions, focusing on its versatility and adaptability to various densities. The growing demand for lightweight building materials with excellent strength-to-weight ratios has led to an expansion in the use of ALC over the past decade. The focus is on creating customized ALC for specific uses, rather than introducing novel materials. The article analyzes the primary variables affecting ALC use, such as raw materials, manufacturing processes, and anticipated density-based features. The review aims to demonstrate how ALC's physical and mechanical properties can be altered for building applications using new and alternative raw materials.

Cycle Performance of Aerated Lightweight Concrete Windowed and Windowless Wall Panel from the Perspective of Lightweight Deep Learning.

This paper aims to explore the seismic mechanical properties of newly developed fabricated aerated lightweight concrete (ALC) wall panels to clarify the interaction mechanism between wall panels and structures. It first introduces the lightweight deep learning object detection algorithm and constructs a network model with faster operation speed based on the convolutional neural network. Secondly, combined with the deep learning object detection algorithm, the quasi-static loading system is adopted to conduct the repeated loading test on two fabricated ALC wall panels. Finally, the hysteresis load-displacement curve of each test is recorded. The experimental results show that the proposed deep learning algorithm greatly improves the operation speed and compresses the model size without reducing the accuracy. The lightweight deep learning algorithm is applied to the study of the slip performance of the wall plate. The pretightening force of the connecting screw characterizes the slip performance between the wall plate and the structural beam, thereby affecting the deformation response of the wall plate when the interstory displacement increases. The hysteresis curve of the ALC wall panel has obvious squeezing effect, indicating that the slip of the connector can unload part of the external load and delay the damage of the wall panel. The skeleton curve suggests that the fabricated windowless ALC wall panel has higher positive and negative initial stiffness and bearing capacity than the fabricated windowed wall panel. However, the degradation analysis of the stiffness curve reveals that the lateral stiffness deviation of the fabricated windowless ALC wall panel is more obvious. It confirms that the proposed connection method based on the lightweight deep learning model can improve the seismic performance of ALC wall panels and provide reference for the structural analysis of embedding fabricated ALC wall panels. This work shows the important practical value for exploring the application effect of embedded ALC wall panels.

Study on autoclaved aerated concrete: Review

Abstract Aerated lightweight concrete have many advantages when compared with conventional concrete such as advanced strength to weight ratio, lower coefficient of thermal expansion, and good sound insulation as a result of air voids within aerated concrete. Here by studying various research papers the change in properties of AAC has been studied and the production method is classified for each foamed and autoclaved concrete. The literature review of aerated lightweight properties is focus on the porosity, permeability, compressive strength and splitting strength.

Influence of masonry infills on seismic response of RC frames under low frequency cyclic load

This paper presents an investigation on the seismic behavior of four reinforced concrete (RC) frames. The study is focused on the effect of the Aerated Lightweight Concrete (ALC) blocks infills on the seismic performance of the RC frames and the interaction between infills and surrounding frames. Four RC frames include a control specimen, frame with full-filled infills, frame with large window openings, and frame with eccentric door openings. Based on the low frequency cyclic loading experiments, hysteretic dissipation ability, stiffness degradation, characteristic displacement and load, failure pattern, flexural moments of columns, effective slab width, required ratio of column-to-beam strength, and column shear force are experimentally investigated and analyzed. Tests results indicate that the strength, the initial stiffness and the area of the hysteretic loop at the same load step were influenced significantly by infills when compared with the frame without masonry infills. This effect was reduced due to the large openings in the frame with infills. The column and beam mixed hinges failure was observed in the frame without infills while shear failure appeared at column ends in frames with infills. The testing results also show that inflection points were shifted to columns top because of the infills. Column shear forces were increased significantly due to the diagonal strut effect. Recommendations on useful effective slab width, the required ratio of column-to-beam strength and the equivalent strut width are made to take masonry infills into consideration in design.

Analytical Study of Physical & Mechanical Properties of Foamed Concrete Using ETABS

Foam concrete is a form of aerated lightweight concrete. Foamed concrete has emerged as most industrial fabric in Production Company. Foam concrete is produced while pre-fashioned foam is brought to slurry, the characteristic of froth is to create an air voids in cement–primarily based absolutely slurry. Foam is generated one by one via using foam generator; the foaming agent is diluted with water and aerated to create the froth. The cement paste or slurry set throughout the foam bubbles and whilst the froth being to degenerate, the paste has enough power to keep its form around the air voids. Consequently, this study investigates bodily and mechanical residences of foamed concrete. Ultimately comparative analyses had been finished to decide the relationships the various numerous mechanical homes parameters of the foamed concrete, especially the compressive strength, flexural electricity, splitting tensile electricity. The specimen analysed by means of the usage of the use of e- tab software program.

The analysis of mechanical properties of non autoclaved aerated concrete with the substitution of fly ash and bottom ash

Based on PP. No.85 of 1999 on the management of hazardous and toxic (B3), fly ash and bottom ash wastes are categorized into B3 waste because there are heavy metal oxide contents that can pollute the environment. One form of environmental rescue that can be applied is to utilize waste fly ash and bottom ash in the manufacture of concrete. In this research, fly ash and bottom ash waste are used as substitution of cement and fine aggregate to make lightweight concrete. The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical properties of non-autoclaved aerated lightweight concrete (NAAC) with FA and BA substitution to cement and fine aggregate which is expected to improve the quality of concrete. The NAAC lightweight concrete in this study is divided into 4 categories: normal NAAC lightweight concrete, NAAC lightweight NAAC substituted concrete with FA, NAAC lightweight concrete substituted with BA, and NAAC combined light weight from FA and BA with variations of 10%, 20% And 30%. The test specimen used in cylindrical shape, which was tested at the age of 28 days, amounted to 90 pieces and consisted of 10 variations. Each variation amounted to 9 samples. Based on the test results with FA and BA substitutions of 10%, 20%, and 30%, the highest compressive strength was achieved in samples with FA 30% of 12.687 MPa, maximum tensile strength achieved in samples with FA 30% of 1,540 MPa, The highest absorption was achieved in normal NAAC of 5.66%. Based on the weight of the contents of all samples, samples can be categorized in lightweight concrete, since the weight of the contents is less than 1900 kg / m3.

Phase Change Material Coating on Autoclaved Aerated Lightweight Concrete for Cooling Load Reduction

This work is focused on enhancing the thermal effectiveness of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) by the application of phase change material (PCM) as a coating. The dynamics of heat transfer and the cooling load of air conditioning system in the two tested houses with different wall materials (AAC and AAC with PCM coating) were investigated. The work demonstrated that by coating phase change material onto the exterior surface of the building materials a significant increase in the thermal effectiveness of the building materials was achieved and determined by comparing the lower interior surface temperature, heat flux evolution and room temperature. The increase in thermal effectiveness was applied to the AAC. It was demonstrated that the cooling load and power consumption of air conditioning system in buildings using the wall-PCM coating combination can be reduced variously by about 25 %.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.23.2.15451

Analysis of Compressive Strength Quality of Aerated Lightweight Concrete Using Taguchi Methods at PT. XYZ

Seiring berjalannya waktu, banyak perusahaan yang bersaing dalam memasarkan produk dan kesetiaan terhadap pelanggan mereka. Hal itu penting dilakukan untuk menjaga kualitas produk dengan tujuan agar pelanggan tetap setia terhadap perusahaan. Salah satu pendekatan pengendalian kualitas adalah dengan metode Taguchi. Metode ini menggunakan pendekatan desain eksperimen, sehingga faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dari kualitas produk dapat terlihat. PT XYZ adalah salah satu perusahaan manufaktur yang khusus menyediakan bahan untuk perumahan, yaitu produk beton aerasi ringan. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan analisis kekuatan beton aerasi ringan untuk mendapatkan kualitas yang lebih baik. Hasil perhitungan yang dihasilkan untuk mendapatkan parameter optimum dengan menggunakan metode Taguchi, setelah itu didapatkan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh, yaitu pasir silika, semen, bubuk aluminium, gipsum dan kalsium oksida. Kombinasi optimum dari faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan beton aerasi ringan muncul pada tingkat 2 dimana 2,1 kg pasir silika, 0,75 kg semen, 0,011 bubuk aluminium, 0,225 gipsum dan 1,125kg kalsium oksida. Selisih kerugian yang ditimbulkan akibat kualitas yang cacat antara hasil eksperimen dan data aktual sebesar Rp 0,53 per beton aerasi ringan, serta pengurangan persentase kerugian setelah diterapkan metode Taguchi sebesar 2,06%. Keywords: Experiment Design, Taguchi Methods, Quality Loss Function, Reduction of Losses Percentage

Potential of Substituting Waste Glass in Aerated Light Weight Concrete

This paper investigates the potential of substituting the waste glass in making aerated light weight concrete. The physical, chemical and activity index properties of the ground waste glass are first investigated. Subsequently, the waste glass is incorporated in the aerated light weight concrete formulation as cement substitution at different ratios. The density and initial compressive strength of aerated light weight concrete result are then compared. Based on the initial experiment results, the ground waste glass can be potentially substituted up to 20% as pozzolanic material in making aerated light weight concrete.

Properties and Internal Curing of Concrete Containing Recycled Autoclaved Aerated Lightweight Concrete as Aggregate

Global warming is a vital issue addressed to every sector worldwide, including the construction industry. To achieve the concept of green technology, many attempts have been carried out to develop low-carbon footprint products. In the construction sector, Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) has become more popular and been manufactured to meet the construction demand. However, errors from manufacturing process accounted for approximately 3 to 5% of the AAC production. The development of AAC waste as lightweight aggregate in concrete is one of the potential approaches which was extendedly studied in this paper. The results showed that the compressive strength of AAC-LWA concrete was decreased with an increase in volume and coarse size. The optimum mix proportion was the AAC aggregate size of 1/2′′ to 3/8′′ with 20 to 40% replacement to normal weight aggregate. Internal curing by AAC-LWA was also observed and found to provide sufficient water inside the specimens, leading to an achievement in higher compressive strength. The main goal of this study is not only utilising unwanted wastes from industry (recycling of waste materials) but also building up a new knowledge of using AAC-LWA as an internal curing agent as well as the production of value-added lightweight concrete products.

Study on the influence of Mineral Admixtures on Aerated Light Weight Concrete

Aerated light weight concrete (ALC) has gained tremendous popularity in years owing to its sustainability, density, low thermal conductivity and use of less mortar joints. The objective of this study is to develop a good performance aerated concrete to provide a better alternative than commercially available concrete blocks for structural applications of masonry. Use of different mineral admixtures enhances towards better strength and low density ranges. In particular, the mechanical behaviour of ALC cubes and blocks under pure compression with and without different admixtures is investigated. Test results indicate that the addition of admixtures improved the compressive strength up to 44.5% for 25% and 30% volume fraction of mineral admixtures. Similarly, it resulted in 5% reduction of densities by addition of 25% and 30% volume fraction of mineral admixtures respectively.

Experimental studies on circular CFST frames with ALC walls under cyclic loadings

To investigate the interaction and failure mechanism between aerated lightweight concrete (ALC) walls and concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) frames under seismic action, one specimen of circular CFST frame and four specimens of circular CFST frames with ALC walls under cyclic loading were carried out. The test parameters included the panel thickness, the wall connector type and the panel type. Test process and failure modes of the typed structures were investigated in detail. Hysteretic curves, ductility and energy dissipation etc were also analyzed. The test result showed that using reasonable measurement of U-typed connector, hooked bolt, rocking connector and angle steel, circular CFST frames and ALC walls under seismic loadings can be in cooperative work and have good seismic performance.

Materials, Production, Properties and Application of Aerated Lightweight Concrete: Review

Aerated lightweight concrete have many advantages when compared with conventional concrete such as advanced strength to weight ratio, lower coefficient of thermal expansion, and good sound insulation as a result of air voids within aerated concrete. This paper is attention to classified of aerated lightweight concrete into foamed concrete and autoclaved concrete. Also, it is exhibits the raw materials used in aerated concrete, types of agent, properties and applications. The production method is classified for each foamed and autoclaved concrete. The literature review of aerated lightweight properties is focuses on the porosity, permeability, compressive strength and splitting strength. 

Thermal conductivity of soil-based aerated lightweight concrete

Investigation on the thermal conductivity of newspaper sandwiched Soil-based Aerated Lightweight Concrete (SALC) panels is the main purpose of this study. Control and newspaper sandwiched SALC panels of different densities (1100, 1500 and 1700 kg/m3) were produced and tested. The areal intensity of newspaper sandwiched was varied from 0.05, 0.10 to 0.15 g/cm2. The current investigation was limited to the effects of areal intensity of newspaper sandwiched and density of SALC on thermal conductivity. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of newspaper sandwiched SALC panels reduced remarkably compared to nonnewspaper sandwiched SALC panels. The percent reductions were 19.7%, 10.5% and 33.5% correspond to densities 1700, 1500 and 1100 kg/m3 with a mere areal intensity of 0.05 g/cm2 newspaper sandwiched.

Potential use of clayey soil in aerated lightweight concrete

The compressive and flexural strengths of sand-based Aerated Lightweight Concrete (ALC) and Soil-based Aerated Lightweight Concrete (SALC) of density 1100 kg/m3 to 1800 kg/m3 with different cement content (filler:binder = 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2) were investigated using prism specimens (40 mm×40 mm×160 mm). The results on the 120-day, indicated that the strength properties of ALC outperformed SALC by the range of 3.6% to 79.4% on compressive strength and 3.7% to 137.0% on flexural strength for identical density and cement content. Nevertheless, soil is still suitable to be used as an alternative material for the production of aerated lightweight concrete based on their strength properties. Multiple regression models were developed to correlate the strength properties of aerated lightweight concrete and its governing factors. From the analysis, it is found that density has the greatest influence on the strength properties of aerated lightweight concrete, followed by the age of the specimens.

Thermal insulation performance of aerated lightweight concrete

Building envelopes that insulate buildings against heat and cold are receiving increasing attention as a promising passive energy-efficient measure in building construction. The experimental study reported here evaluates the thermal insulation performance of aerated lightweight concrete of different densities produced by incorporating either 100% sand or 100% soil as filler. Experimental aerated lightweight concrete wall panels (750 mm long, 750 mm wide and 40 mm thick) were cast and tested. Both soil-based and sand-based (control) aerated lightweight concrete panels were cured in a room with a prevailing temperature of approximately 29°C. The temperature gradient for soil-based aerated lightweight concrete panels was found to be superior to that of control aerated lightweight concrete panels of comparable density. The results indicate the potential improvement of soil-based aerated lightweight concrete in terms of thermal insulation compared with sand-based aerated lightweight concrete.

Thermal inertia of newspaper sandwiched aerated lightweight concrete wall panels: Experimental study

A short term experimental investigation on the thermal inertia: time lag and decrement factor of aerated lightweight concrete (ALC) wall panels is the main purpose of this study. ALC wall panels of different density and different aerial intensity of newspaper sandwiched were produced and erected on a prototype house. All wall panels were installed facing east direction and subjected to natural environment or tested under transient condition. The inner and outer surface temperatures of the wall panels were recorded at 3min interval, 24h a day. Time lag and decrement factor were computed from the surface temperatures recorded. The results showed that newspaper sandwiched ALC panel has greater time lag and lower decrement factor compared to ordinary ALC panel. It is found that time lag and decrement factor were influenced by the thermal diffusivity value of the wall panel. The thermal inertia property of the panels was negatively related to its thermal diffusivity.

Thermal Insulation Property of Newspaper Membrane Encased Soil-Based Aerated Lightweight Concrete Panels

Roof and wall are known to be responsible for heat entering into a building and should therefore be thermally insulated in order to lessen energy consumption required for air-conditioning. In this study, four soil-based aerated lightweight concrete (ALC) panels each measures 750 mm (length) x 750 mm (breadth) x 70 mm (thick) with different aerial intensity of newspaper membrane encased were produced and tested on their thermal insulation property. For environmental friendly and economy reasons, clayey soil was used in place of sand to produce the ALC panels and they were tested in the Thermal Laboratory for twenty hours. Temperature gradient was computed based on the surface temperature measured during the test. The results obtained indicated that newspaper membrane encased soil-based ALC panels have superior heat insulation performance compared to control panel in terms of temperature gradient. It is found that the temperature gradient increased from 1.92 °C/cm to 2.08 °C/cm or 8.3% higher than control panel with just merely 0.05 g/cm2 of newspaper membrane encased.

Newspaper sandwiched aerated lightweight concrete wall panels—Thermal inertia, transient thermal behavior and surface temperature prediction

Experimental investigation on aerated lightweight concrete (ALC) wall panels in terms of thermal inertia, transient thermal behavior and surface temperature prediction using finite difference method (FDM) are the main focus of this study. ALC wall panels of different density and different aerial intensity of newspaper sandwiched were produced and installed on a prototype house. The ALC wall panels were facing east direction and subjected to Malaysia natural environment condition. The inner and outer surface temperatures of the wall panels were recorded at 3 min interval, 24 h a day for a period of one year. Time lag and decrement factor were computed from the surface temperatures recorded. The results showed that thermal diffusivity has a positive relationship to the thermal inertia of ALC wall panels. FDM was used to predict the surfaces temperature and the predicted temperature was close to the observed temperature. The average differences between the observed and the predicted outer wall surface temperature lied between 1.4 and 2.4% whereas for the inner wall surface, the range was 1.3–2.2%. Greater deviations were detected on the predicted outer surface temperature could be due to some unaccounted factors such as wind direction and relative humidity in the present FDM.

Thermal conductivity of newspaper sandwiched aerated lightweight concrete panel

Investigation on the thermal conductivity of newspaper sandwiched aerated lightweight concrete (ALC) panels is the main purpose of this study. Various densities of ALC panels ranging from 1700, 1400 and 1100 kg/m 3 with three different aerial intensities of newspaper sandwiched were produced. Investigation was limited to the effect of aerial intensity of newspaper sandwiched and the effect of density of ALC on thermal conductivity. It is found that the thermal conductivity of newspaper sandwiched ALC panels reduced remarkably compared to control ALC panels. The reduction was recorded at 18.0%, 21.8% and 20.7% correspond to densities of 1700, 1400 and 1100 kg/m 3 with just a mere 0.05 g/cm 2 aerial intensity of newspaper sandwiched. Newspaper sandwiched has a significant impact on the performance of thermal conductivity of ALC panels based on regression analysis.