Aegypti Larvae Mortality Research Articles

The Effect of Mango (Mangifera indica) Peel Extract on Aedes aegypti Larvae Mortality

Aedes aegypti mosquito can transmit the virus due to biting humans. This study aims to determine whether there is effectiveness in mango (Mangifera indica) peel extract to inhibit the growth of instar III Aedes aegypti larvae. This type of research is a true experimental study to look at the effect of mango (Mangifera indica) peel extract on the growth and development of Aedes aegypti larvae. The observation showed results with various concentrations that had different influences on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. The higher the concentration, the greater the mortality rate in the larvae (p=0,000). Based on the results of the study showed that extracts from the peel of mangoes have different influences on each concentration. The extract from the peel of mangoes can kill the larvae of Aedes aegypti. Using probit regression analyses, it is known that the value of LC50 is 3.78% every minute. ABSTRAK: Aedes aegypti dapat menularkan virus akibat menggigit manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada efektivitas ekstrak kulit buah mangga (Mangifera indica) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan larva Aedes aegypti instar III. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian true eksperimental untuk melihat pengaruh ekstrak kulit mangga (Mangifera indica) terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva Aedes aegypti. Pengamatan menunjukkan hasil dengan berbagai konsentrasi yang digunakan memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap kematian larva Aedes aegypti. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang digunakan maka semakin besar tingkat kematian yang terjadi pada larva (p=0,000). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah mangga memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda pada setiap konsentrasi. Kemampuan ekstrak kulit buah mangga dapat membunuh larva Aedes aegypti. Hasil analisis regresi probit diketahui nilai LC50 sebesar 3,78% setiap menit.

THE EFFECT OF MASCULUS IMMERSION AGAINST THE DEATH OF MOSQUITO FLACERS

The transition from the dry season to the rainy season causes mosquito larvae in stagnant water. Researchers are looking for natural larvicidal solutions that are safe and effective with male papaya flowers (masculus). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of masculus immersion water on the death of mosquito larvae in water reservoirs. The location is in Curup Tengah District. Quasi experimental type, Chi-square analysis, calculating odds ratio, Chi square test. Almost all (94.4%) there were 34 dead larvae and a small portion (5.5%) there were 2 live larvae, from 36 Aedes aegypti larvae in 50 ml of masculine immersion water, 1 minute. The results of Chi-square analysis showed that P value = 0.04 < ? 0.05, there was a significant effect between masculine immersion water and Aedes aegypti larvae mortality. Where the value of p value = 0.043, has the effect of masculus immersion water, at odds ratio = 4.10 times. Overall (100%) there were 36 dead larvae and a small portion (0%) there were 0 live larvae, out of 36 Aedes aegypti larvae in the bath 100 ml of masculus soaking water, time under 1 minute. The results of the Chi-square analysis showed that the P value = 0.04 <?0.05, there was a significant effect between the masculine immersion water and the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. Where the p value = 0.040, has the effect of masculus soaking water, at odds ratio = 4.00 times. In order for the community to be active in eradicating Aedes aegypti larvae, activities get used to making masculine soaking, pouring it into a water reservoir

Extract Clove Leaves Were Used to Test the Effectiveness of Hand Washing Soap. Aedes Aegypti Mosquito Larvae Syzygium Aromaticum L Exterminator

The best method for getting rid of mosquito larvae is to employ biological pesticides derived from plants, such as Syzygium aromaticum L.'s clove leaf extract. Aedes aegypti larvae can be killed by a clove leaf extract containing eugenol, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. Insect repellent hand soap prepared from Syzygium aromaticum L clove leaf extract is being tested to see how well it works against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. This study uses an experimental design with a post-test and a control group, including three treatment and three control groups. A sample of 20 larvae was taken from each group and the control three times. So that there were 280 Aedes aegypti larvae in the sample, 60, 80, and 100 mL of hand soap prepared from Syzygium aromaticum L. clove leaf extract were used, respectively. Within 24 hours, observations were taken, and the number of larvae perished each hour was recorded. The outcomes demonstrated that the amount of Aedes aegypti larvae mortality in the treatment of 60 mL, 80 mL, and 100 mL was extremely effective, being able to kill 100 percent with three repetitions in one hour, non-treatment (negative control) 0 percent larvae mortality in time of 24 hours, and the control treatment of hand washing soap without clove leaf extract was less effective, it could only kill 50 percent within 24 am, while the control treatment with clove was more effective. The mortality of mosquito larvae is significantly influenced by the concentration of hand soap made from clove leaf extract Syzygium aromaticum L, which occurs extremely quickly. To promote public awareness and comprehension of natural larvae exterminators, there is a need to educate people about the risks of DHF and how to prevent it with natural components. The findings of this study are anticipated to be used in the future to improve health conditions.

Machaerium acutifolium compounds with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti.

Plant extracts and isolated compounds are known for their insecticidal activity. The Aedes aegypti mosquito has a significant medical impact as it transmits a number of arboviruses and is able to develop resistance to the commercially available insecticides. This study investigates larvicidal compounds isolated from Machaerium acutifolium, designated by the Brazilian Forest Service as a sustainable species. A M. acutifolium trunk ethyl acetate extract was fractionated using chromatographic methods with full structural elucidation by mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance and specific rotation analyses revealing: one new 3-arylcoumarin derivative 1; two flavonoids 2 and 3; a trans-stilbene 4, and an unprecedented natural indene 5. The larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti after 24 h exposure was: crude extract (median lethal dose, LC50 205 mg L-1 ), fraction C (LC50 27 mg L-1 ) and 5 (LC50 24 mg L-1 ). A M. acutifolium extract showed larvicidal activity, which increased with prolonged exposure, demonstrating LC50 75 mg L-1 after 72 h. Although the flavonoids 2 and 3 and trans-stilbene 4 were deemed inactive according to the adopted mortality limit, additional tests revealed their ability to cause 65% Ae. aegypti larvae mortality, suggesting they could contribute to the larvicidal activity. Compound 5, identified by liquid chromatography-MS, was over eight-fold more toxic to larvae than the crude extract after 24 h. Therefore, 5 constitutes a structural model for new prototypes to control Ae. aegypti. These data reinforce the potential of natural products as a source of commercial alternatives for vector control strategies, respecting both sustainability and eco-friendly principles. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Larvicidal Activity and Histopathological Effect of Averrhoa bilimbi Fruit Extract on Aedes aegypti from Surabaya, Indonesia.

Averrhoa bilimbi has been long thought to have biological activity. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of primary and secondary metabolites from A. bilimbi fruit extract on Aedes aegypti larvae mortality and midgut histopathology. Experiment was performed to third-instar Ae. aegypti larvae collected from Surabaya, which then exposed to A. bilimbi crude fruit extract at various concentration for 24 hours. After exposure, larvae were evaluated of its mortality and fixed in 2.5% neutral buffer formalin before processed and sectioned into histological slides and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman rank correlation to determine histopathological damage on midgut of Ae. aegypti larvae. Phytochemical screening of A. bilimbi crude fruit extract found that it contained saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Minimum concentration able to induce mortality on Ae. aegypti larvae (LC50) was 977 ppm, while LC90 was at 1380 ppm. Severe alteration of larvae midgut was found after 24 hours exposure to 2000 ppm extract. Features of damage mostly found in larvae midgut were disruption of the microvilli, columnar cell vacuolization, epithelial nucleus crossed midgut lumen, and basal membrane damage. Damage caused by fruit extract in midgut of Ae. aegypti third instar larvae inhibited development of larvae. This study reported first finding of histopathological effect of A. bilimbi fruits extract on Ae. aegypti larvae midgut. Result of study was expected to contribute to better understand extract bioactivity of this plant to be applied as natural larvicide for Ae. aegypti.

EFEKTIFITAS LARVASIDA AKAR BIDURI (CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PEMBASMI JENTIK NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI

Biduri plants (Calatropis gigantea) is a wild plant that is very difficult to destroybecause of rapid breeding. One of the toxins contained in Biduri is saponin. Therefore Biduriplants very well be used as a repellent for Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. The researchobjective was to determine the effectiveness of the roots Biduri larvicides against Aedesaegypti larvae mortality.This research is True Experiments with posttest study design OnlyControl Group Design. Statistical test results obtained by the one way Anova sig. = 0.000 sothat ρ <α (0.05) means that there is a significant influence on differences in dosing solutionBiduri roots are used against Aedes aegypti larvae mortality. Further post hoc test to determinedifferences in average - average each treatment group using Multiple Comparisons Analysis,LSD (Least Square Difference) obtained sig. = 0.00 so that ρ <α (0.05) means that there aresignificant differences in the deadly Aedes aegypti larvae of the four doses were given.Control of Aedes aegypti larvae using Biduri root solution can be done by affixing the rootsolution with 38 ml of solution Biduri root Biduri every 1 liter of water for 24 hours ofexposure.

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum sanctum L) TERHADAP LARVA NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI INSTAR IV TAHUN 2018

One of communicable disease in Indonesia is Dengue Hemorhaggic Fever caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Various efforts have been made to eradicate the vector control is by either biological, physical and chemical.One of them by exploiting the basil leave extract as a chemical organic control. The purpose of this searching was knows analysis effectiveness power kill extract basil leave in Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. Type of research is a true experimental design. The research was conducted by providing extract basil leave in various concentrations 7%, 8%, and 9% to the container 25 larvae with 48 hours contact,replication measure in two time control and three replication. Kill ability of extract basil leave in this research will be tested by Kruskall wallis with sig 0,04 analysis result has describe that there were determination doses variety against Aedes aegypti larvae mortality. The resume of researching show that at doses 7% is a dose that is already effective because able to kill half of the number of test or larvae LD50, with an average death of 18 individuals with a percentage of death 73%. Suggestions to the public to use organic pesticides for eradication DBD.

Effectiveness of Kelor Dung Extract on Aedes aegypti Larvae Mortality

The high number of cases of dengue fever in Indonesia, so it needs to be held vector control effort. Moringa is used as a natural anti-mosquito capable of supplying larvae. This is because there are compounds of steroids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, flavanoids, and tannins in the stem of moringa. The type of research used was experimental with post test only control group design method. The data were collected by counting the number of Aedes aegypti instar III larvae that died in each type of salinity concentration during the exposure time. The experiment was conducted 4 times, Observation, calculation and recording of the number of live and dead larvae every 24, 32, 40 and 48 hours after treatment. The data that has been collected and analyzed is then presented in tabular and narrative form. At the concentration of 3% in the Moringa leather bark estrants at the time of 24 hour measurements in each treatment of 1 (3), 2, 3, 3 (3) treatment, 4 (1) treatment with an average percentage of larva death 27 , 5%. The concentration of 3% extract of Moringa leaf bark effectively kills Aedes aegepty larvae by 45% within 48 hours. Concentration of 3.5% extract of Moringa leaf bark effectively kills Aedes aegepty larva by 45% within 24 hours. The concentration of 4% extract of Moringa leaf bark effectively kills Aedes aegepty larva by 67.5% within 24 hours. The effective exposure time of 24 hours resulted in the death of 67.5% Aedes aegypti.

Perbandingan Efektivitas Pencampuran Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper Betle) dan Daun Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus Erosus) dengan Abate Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes Aegypti

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease that is still a major problem in Indonesia. Until now there is no cure or vaccine to combat dengue, so the only way is to break the chain of transmission of mosquito Aedes aegypti is the prevention or control of disease vectors. This study aims to determine the Efficiency of Mixed Leaf Extract (Pipper Betle) and Leaf Yam Extract with Temephos On Mortality of Aedes aegypti. This research is experimental and research will be conducted in the laboratory of environmental health. The number of treatment in this study was 3 treatment with different doses of 0.5 mg / l ; 1.0 mg / l ; 1.5 g / l ; 2m g / l and 1 control (0 mg / liter) were treated in the larvae mosquitoes. The results showed that the air temperature at the study site averaged 27oC, the air humidity between 78-79%, the water temperature that became the Aedes aegypti breeding 26-27oC, the average pH 6.8-7. The results showed that the leaf extract beta and bengkuang leaves at a dose of 2.0 mg / l for 24 hours were able to kill Aedes aegypti larvae of 96.6%, while abates with a dose of 2.0 mg / l for 24 hours were able to kill Aedes aegypti larva by 70%. After statistical analysis with Independent t-test showed that betel leaf extract and bengkuang leaf gave a significant effect on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. So it can be concluded that there is a significant effectiveness difference between bengkuang leaf extract (Pachyrrhyzus erosus) and betel leaf (Piper betle) with abate to mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. for the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae both in terms of average mortality (p = 0.003) and in terms of mean duration (p = 0,000) and there was a significant relationship (p = 0,000) between giving both larvacides to Aedes aegypti larvae mortality. This research suggests to the public to use organic larvacides and to reduce the use of abate.

Potensi Infusa Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata) Sebagai Daya Larvasida Larva Aedes aegypti

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) which is caused by dengue virus remains a global health problem that belongs to Indonesia also. Transmission works through the bite of female Aedes aegypti. An attempt is developing bioinsecticide with no harm which is involved to vector control such as leaves of the soursop (Annona muricata) that contains active substances such as saponins, tannins, and alkaloids that serves as larvicides.
 Aims: This research attempted to discover soursop leaves infuse with various concentrations served as larvacide to mortality of larva of A. aegypti.
 Method: This was a quasi-experimental research with posttest group design which conducted in parasitology laboratory of Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta. The subjects of research that infuse soursop leaves with a concentration of 15% and 20%, while the object of research is the number of deaths the third instar larvae of A. eagypti after addition of various concentrations of soursop leaf infusion.
 Result: Larvicidal activity test soursop leaf infusion using 15% concentration can kill larvae of A. aegypti by 75%, while 20% concentration can kill larvae of A. aegypti by 85%. Statistical analysis using ANOVA test is known that administration of soursop leaves infuse a significant influence against A. aegypti larvae mortality (p <0.001).
 Conclusion: Soursop leaves infuse with a concentration of 15% and 20% having a larvicidal activity of A. aegypti.

Peran Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya Linn) terhadap Kematian Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

<p style="text-align: justify;">Papaya plants contain many substances called papain, papain protease effect can kill larvae of Aedes aegypti. This study aimed to determine the effect of papaya leaves extracts (Carica papaya Linn) against Aedes aegypti larvae mortality. The research method was a quasi-experimental research design with Non-Equivalent Control Group. The concentration levels were 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%, and controls (CMC-Na) with 4 times replication. The Probit Analysis test results showed Lethal concentration (LC50) of papaya leaves extract (Carica papaya Linn) against Aedes aegypti larvae mortality was to 24.46% and the effective time is 22 hours. It is concluded that any different concentrations of papaya (Carica papaya Linn) leaves extract have effect on Aedes aegypti larvae mortality (p <0.05), the time depth of papaya leaves extract have effect on Aedes aegypti larvae mortality (p <0.05), the average number of Aedes aegypti larvae mortality for 24-hours in each concentration are concentration of 6.25% as much as 4.75 larvae, 12.5% concentration as much as 8 larvae, a concentration of 25% as much as 12 larvae, 50% concentration of 14.5 larvae, concentration 100% as much as 19 larvae and control as much as 1.25 larvae. The recommended suggestion is to conduct a phytochemical test to determine the active substances contained in papaya (Carica papaya Linn) leaves extract and to know the concentration of active substances in the extract.

The use of Aedes aegypti larvae attractants to enhance the effectiveness of larvicides.

Aedes aegypti (L.) is an important dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever vector. Immature stages of this species inhabit human-made containers placed in residential landscapes, and the application of larvicides inside containers that cannot be eliminated is still considered a priority in control programs. Larvicidal efficacy is influenced by several factors, including the formulation used, the water quality, and the susceptibility of larvae, among others. If an attractant can be incorporated into a slow-release larvicide formulation, it will be feasible to direct the larvae into the source of insecticide and thereby improving its efficacy. We studied the influence of 1-octen-3ol and 3-methylphenol on the rate of Ae. aegypti larvae mortality using the larvicides Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), temephos, and spinosad. These chemicals were combined with the larvicides mixed with agar during the bioassays. Mortality was registered every 10min, and a lethal time 50 (LT50) was calculated. The inclusion of the Ae. aegypti larvae attractants with the larvicides into a solid agar matrix improved their efficiency obtaining a strong and marked reduction in the LT50 compared with the use of larvicides alone.

Eksplorasi Bahan Aktif Rumput Laut Coklat (Phaeophyceae) sebagai Biolarvasida Aedes aegypti <br><i>[Exploration of Brown Seaweed (Phaeophyceae) Active Subtance as Aedes aegypti Biolarvicides]<i>

Abstract Exploration of seaweed on pharmacy has been developed. The recent studies found its capacity as biolarvacidal. The expert cited Manilal explained that seaweed secondary metabolites has a complex chemical structures with a different bioactivity capabilities. It also has varied capabilities, for pharmacy field, ecologic and as a toxic source. This study aim are to determined the capabilities of brown seaweed extracts P. gymnospora, S. filipendula, S. duplicatum, and S. polycystum as an Ae. aegypti larvicides and optimum dose for 50% mortality (LC50 ) of Ae. aegypti larvae. The research methods is experimental with 50% Ae. aegypti larvae mortality (LC50 ) or probit analyzis. The treatment research are P.gymnospora as E1, S. filipendula as E2, S. duplicatum E3, and S. polycystum as E4. The concentration of each 20 ppm (D1), 40 ppm (D2) , 60 ppm (D3), 80 ppm (D4) and 100 ppm (D5). Repetitions of each treatment three times. The results showed that extracting of P. gymnospora, S. filipendula, S. duplicatum, and S. polycystum have capability as Ae. aegypti larvicide. The optimum dose of the extract with the number of deaths is 50 % or LC50 P. gymnospora (40.19 ppm ± 0.21), S. duplicatum, S. Fillipendula, S. Polycystum more than 100 ppm. The discussion about active substance of brown seaweed, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and polivenol showed positive result and its dominance founded in P. gymnospora extract that is the best efficiency of LC50

Protective effect of cashew gum nanoparticles on natural larvicide from Moringa oleifera seeds

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) have been used as carriers and as protective coatings of labile substances with applications in pharmacy, medicine, and agriculture. This work focused on the development of an entrapment process for the protection of a natural larvicide extracted from Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds with cashew gum (CG) NPs as a wall material. CG–MO NPs were characterized with regard to their size, morphology, kinetic release, thermal properties, and Stegomya aegypti larvae mortality. The result showed that the CG–MO NPs presented average particle sizes ranging from 288 to 357 nm, with unimodal distribution. MO larvicide active principle loading varied from 2.6 to 4.4%, and the entrapment efficiencies were in the range 39.1–60.8%. In vitro release kinetics showed a Fickian diffusional behavior. The thermal stability of the CG–MO NPs was related to the MO content, where their decomposition temperatures decreased with increasing MO active principle loading. Bioassays with third instar larvae showed that the mortality rate was related to larvicide loading and reached values up to 98 ± 3% mortality. The CG–MO NPs showed effective extract entrapment, with satisfactory larvicide effects even after 55 days of sample preparation and were effective as an improved and controlled release larvicide system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012