Aegean Coast Of Turkey Research Articles

An integrated approach to the spatial distribution of the coastal infrastructure vulnerability by using coastal vulnerability index and hot spot analysis: a case study of Kusadasi-Selcuk

In this study, a new methodology integrating spatial coastal vulnerability index (CVI) and hot spot analysis was proposed for a comprehensive and holistic coastal infrastructure (natural, built-up and socioeconomic) vulnerability assessment and determination of its spatial distribution. The Selçuk-Kuşadası coastal region, which is located on the Aegean coast of Turkey, was chosen as the case study area. For calculation spatial CVI, eight physical variables (geomorphology, coastal slope, relief, mean seal level, mean tide range, mean wave high, shoreline erosion and accretion) were used. Spatial CVI analyses were performed using basic methods of geographical information systems. CVI results were classified as 1 to 5 across the study area. The spatial distribution of vulnerabilities of coastal infrastructures has statistically tested with hotspot analysis. In conclusion; over 55% of infrastructure falls within high or very high vulnerability classes. It is seen that 57% of the infrastructure in the build-up category, 59% of the natural environment, and more than 42% of the socio-economic infrastructure are located in areas falling into the high or very high vulnerability classes. Additionally, $1.1 billion worth of land assets and a population of approximately 143.000 people are located in areas that fall into the high or very high vulnerability classes. Statistically significant clusters of high vulnerability for historical sites, tourism, roads, land value, population density, and urban areas were determined by hot spot analysis. According to the results of the developed integrated method, suggestions were presented for the preparation of coastal infrastructure vulnerability adaptation strategies.

Women And Forests In Solidarity: A Multispecies Companionship Case From the Aegean Forests of Turkey

Building on a feminist multispecies perspective, this article examines the interwoven relationships between forest ecosystems and the lives of rural women living along the Aegean coast of Turkey. Ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the Aegean region’s forest settlements between 2018 and 2022 forms the basis of this study. I focus on three ways women highlight their entanglements with forests into weaving conjoined webs of life: First, rural women’s recollections of the forest and their understanding of the forest’s ecosystem are firmly rooted in the ways they have grown up, providing a cultural context for women’s subsequent forest advocacy. Second, rural women have a profound understanding of the edible plants that grow in the forests. Third, because they regularly forage with other women, rural women form deep relationships with other women and with the forests themselves. I show how these three factors—childhood memories, expertise in foraging and forest management, and deep ties of sociality—provide the impetus for rural women to protest deforestation. Such protests are driven by a collective concern for their own well-being, the good of their communities, and for forests.

EFFECT OF TSUNAMI INDUCED CURRENTS ON FLOATING PONTOONS WITH THE MOORING LINES

A strong earthquake (Mw=6.6) of normal faulting striking about E-W occurred on October 30, 2020, between offshore Seferihisar (Izmir, Turkey) and Samos Island (Greece). The earthquake generated a tsunami that affected a region in the Aegean Coast of Turkey from Cesme Alacati in the northwestern part to Gumuldur coast in the southeastern part. The tsunami caused a change in the sea water level, inundations, and severe damage to marine vessels and coastal structures. Especially, floating docks in Teos Marina, Seferihisar were highly damaged due to tsunami hydrodynamic forces (GEER, 2020). It was observed that the mooring chains and fairleads were broken, and the pontoons were dragged offshore. Moreover, the aluminum frames of docks and the moored ships were damaged. The literature survey shows that although the effect of tsunami-induced currents on the floating docks with pile guides is investigated (Keen et al. 2017), there is not any study that calculates damages on the floating docks with connected units and the mooring lines and the assessment of the damage due to the tsunami-induced currents using a hydrodynamic numerical model. In this study, the effect of tsunami-induced sea-level changes and currents on the floating docks of Teos Marina are investigated by numerical hydrodynamic modeling.

Reliability estimation of a consecutive k-out-of-n system for non-identical strength components with applications to wind speed data

ABSTRACT In the stress-strength reliability literature, although identical components assumption may not be realistic due to the structure of a system, independent and identically distributed components have been commonly used. In this study, we aim to contribute to the literature by studying of non-identical distributed components in a consecutive -out of- system when both stress and strength components follow the proportional hazard rate models. Estimation methods for the stress-strength reliability of this system are investigated from frequentist and Bayesian perspectives. Maximum likelihood and uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimations are obtained in the frequentist approach. Based on the suitability of the structure, approximate Bayes estimates methods: Lindley’s approximation, Markov Chain Monte Carlo through Metropolis-Hastings or Gibbs sampling algorithms and exact Bayes estimates are derived. Asymptotic confidence and highest posterior density credible intervals are also constructed for all cases. We provide comprehensive simulation experiments for investigating the performances of the considered estimates. Wind speed data from NASA’s satellite data source project are used in the application of the considered model and methods. We present the comparison of wind energy potentials of two districts on the Aegean coast of Turkey using our model structure after determining their wind speed distributions.

The Influence of Introversion–Extroversion on Service Quality Dimensions: A Trait Activation Theory Study

Personality characteristics influence individuals’ perceptions, evaluations, and behaviors toward external stimuli. This study aims to investigate the influence of the extroversion–introversion personality characteristics of hospitality customers on the amount of value they attached to the different service quality dimensions. The influence of customers’ personality characteristics on the amount of value attached to the different service quality dimensions has not been previously studied by researchers. The data were obtained from 508 Turkish tourists staying at five-star hotels in holiday resorts located on the Aegean coast of Turkey. Partial least-squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data. At the measurement model stage, the scales were subjected to reliability and validity tests. It was seen that all the variables in the measurement model met the reliability and validity criteria. The structural model and the hypotheses were tested to examine the relationships between the latent variables. The results show that while introvert customers tend to attach more value to the tangibles dimension of service quality, extrovert customers tend to attach more value to the empathy dimension of service quality.

Daha: “Chasing More Hope, Questing More Humanity”

The 2018 Turkish film Daha, inspired by Hakan Günday's novel and directed by Onur Saylak, deals with the experiences of immigrants during border crossings and the migrant smuggling networks through the father and son relationship. It is the second film directed by Saylak, one of the most well-known actors in Turkey. Saylak explains that he directed this film with the motivation that cinema should teach people and the aim that makes the audience consider the topic of the film. Daha takes place in Kandalı, a fictional town on the Aegean coast of Turkey where migrant smuggling is intense. It indicates the journey of the migrant smuggled by sea, and presents the migrant smuggling networks and the actors who have different roles in this network: the smuggler, the leader of the safe house, and the boat owners. Ahad, the smuggler, and his 14 years-old son Gaza, the leader of the safe house, are the starring of the film. The plot of the film is presented from Gaza's perspective and narration. The text "the first tool used by a human is another person" reflected on the screen at the beginning of the film draws attention to migrant smuggling.

The Role of Creative Placemaking

The Role of Creative Placemaking

YALNIZ YAŞAYAN YAŞLI KADINLARDA PSİKOLOJİK İHTİYAÇLAR VE SAĞLIKLI PSİKOLOJİK YAŞLANMA

In Turkey, it is seen that the rate of married people decreases as age increases, and the rate of women who lose their spouses and become widowed in their old age increases. When the literature on older women living alone is examined, it is seen that risk factors and risk groups are the subject of more research. It can be said that as the level of meeting the psychological needs of individuals increases, positive emotions increase. For this reason, it is thought that it is important to investigate protective factors as well as risk factors. The main purpose of this research was to analyze the psychological needs of women over the age of 60 living alone in a city on the Aegean coast of Turkey. Purposeful sampling method was used in this study. A qualitative method was preferred and open-ended semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants. These 12 participants are women over the age of 60 who are widowed or divorced, living alone, meet their basic financial needs and do not have any significant health problems, attend the trainings and courses of the city council. The data was collected by phone calls due to Covid-19 pandemic. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data. As a result of the analysis, the psychological needs of women living alone over the age of 60 were explained in categories such as survival, belonging, power, freedom and fun. It can be said that meeting the psychological needs of older women living alone as much as possible will increase the opportunity for healthy psychological aging. As a result of the research, it has been suggested to provide opportunities to meet the psychological needs of the elderly in order to successfully maintain the aging period, which is a neglected area, and to facilitate healthy psychological aging.

Techno-economic efficiencies of the purse-seiners in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey)

Overcapacity and low economic returns have been long ending problems for the Turkish marine fisheries while various conflicting and inadequate fisheries regulations under inconsistent political decisions were developed over many decades. Purse-seine fishery, as one of the biggest marine fishery sub-sectors, has a pioneering socio-ecological influence within the marine fisheries sector of Turkey. In this study, we examined the technical efficiencies of the Turkish purse-seine vessels along the Aegean coasts of Turkey. To implement this analysis, we first collected a data set of technical and economic dimensions of active Turkish purse-seine vessels in the Aegean Sea. Then, we used two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approaches, including input-oriented bootstrapped DEA under constant and various returns-to-scale technologies. In the first stage, we calculated bootstrapped efficiencies across vessels by using technical factors of fisheries production and harvest value as input/output factors. At the second stage, we performed an in-depth analysis of the endogenous determinants of the efficiency scores by using the statistical models under various statistical specifications. We found that most of the purse seine vessels in fleet segment 1 (<24 m) got low-efficiency scores (<0.30) while efficiency scores of fleet segment 2 (≥24 m) emerged to have scores that were homogeneously distributed between 0 and 1. Landing amounts and landing values of fleet segment 1 appeared to have superior efficient frontier levels compared with fleet segment 2 although fleet segment 2 had substantially positive relationships with the predicted efficiency scores. Higher engine power, as well as higher numbers of crew onboard, did not statistically explain neither desired efficiency scores nor expected landings and market values. Overall, various excess production inputs, including gross tonnage, engine power, total generator power, lamp boat generator power, were predicted to be in excess use. To conclude, fisheries managers should account for the operational performance of the fishing vessels to better design optimal fisheries policies in the future.

Demography, distribution, and threat assessment of the Spur-thighed Tortoise (Testudo graeca) in the Gediz Delta, Turkey (Reptilia: Testudines)

The Spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca) is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, with small and fragmented populations located around the Mediterranean basin. In Turkey, this species has remained poorly studied which hampers solid assessment of threats and conservation measures. We studied the spatial distribution, habitat use, and demography of the species in the Gediz Delta (Aegean coast of Turkey) between 2015 and 2017 with a specific capture-mark-recapture survey made in the Sazlıgöl marshes. A total of 114 individuals (20 juveniles, 62 males and 32 females) were captured and released in that period. Carapace length of adult females was on average higher (205.2±3.2 mm) than in adult males (190.9±2.3 mm). Sex ratio was biased with 1.94 males per female. Based on the capture-recapture histories of 65 individuals (3 juveniles, 37 males and 25 females) marked in 2015, we estimated the population size of the Sazlıgöl marsh population to be 137±23 individuals, which corresponds to a density of 5.7 individuals per ha. The main threats detected were agricultural activities, urbanisation and captures for the pet trade.

First occurrence of a lesser amberjack Seriola fasciata (Bloch, 1793) in the Aegean coasts of Turkey with morphological and molecular identification

The lesser amberjack Seriola fasciata (Bloch, 1793), is an Atlantic species that expanded its distribution range throughout the Mediterranean (from the Balearic Islands to Haifa Bay). On October 7th 2018, one individual of S. fasciata was caught by a recreational fisher from Didim Akbük (37∘23′N, 27∘25′E) at a depth of approximately 30 m. The specimen was identified using morphological and molecular methods. This species is observed for the first time from the Turkish Aegean coasts, and it is expanding its distributional range northwards in the Aegean Sea. The current status and historical distribution of S. fasciata in the Mediterranean basin is also presented.

Population Structure and Relative Growth of the Marbled Crab (Pachygrapsus marmoratus) in the Aegean Sea (Turkey)

Although crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus, is one of the common species in the intertidal zones of the Aegean coasts of Turkey, its’ population structure has not been investigated to date. This study aimed to provide information on population characteristics of Pachygrapsus marmoratus, including the sex ratio, size distribution, spawning period, relative growth and catch per unit effort (CPUE). The samples were collected by hand monthly between January 2018 and December 2018, from the rocky shores of Izmir, Turkey. The results indicated that males were dominant except for the months of July, August and September. The CW (carapace width) of female and male crabs ranged from 5.5 to 36.0 mm and 5.5 to 40.0 mm, respectively. The berried (egg-carrying) females were found in May, June and July and their CW varied from 13.0 to 27.0 mm. Only 0.8% of the P. marmoratus population was shown to be infected with the parasite Sacculina sp. The CPUE of P. marmoratus significantly changed monthly and there was a significant correlation between the CPUE and seawater temperature. Concerning the relative growth, the carapace width-cheliped length relationship in males and carapace width-abdomen width relationship in females showed positive allometry. Males were significantly heavier in comparison to females of the same size. Future survey designs would need to investigate whether spatial differences in the population characteristics and size at maturity occur in the Aegean coasts of Turkey.

İzmir iç ve orta körfezi limanlarından sünger türleri (Ege Denizi, Doğu Akdeniz)

Four sponge species (Sycon raphanus, Sycon ciliatum, Paraleucilla magna and Dysidea fragilis) were found on artificial hard substrata of several ports in the inner and middle parts of Izmir Bay. The invasive alien species Paraleucilla magna, is being recorded for the first time from the Aegean coast of Turkey. It was very abundant almost at all studied ports, covering up to 35% of the sampled surfaces. The morphological and distributional features of the four species are described.

Parasite infection in Serranus cabrilla (Perciformes, Serranidae): histopathological aspects and new host record for nematode genus Philometra from Aegean Sea, Turkey

This study was conducted to determine infection with nematode parasite Philometra sp. in gonads of Serranus cabrilla recorded in Izmir Gulf between October 2016 and July 2017. The overall prevalence was 14.46% and the mean intensity of infection 1.2 parasites per fish. The occurrence of philometrid infection on comber hosts was assessed according to several risk factors (fish length class, sex and season). Our findings suggest that the highest rates of parasite infection occur in larger sized fish, hermaphrodite individuals and during April month. The present report also revealed that marked hyperemia was the major findings of infected gonads of S. cabrilla, where parasitic nematodes caused a marked inflammatory reaction at the histopathological examination. As far as we know, this paper represents the first mention of genus Philometra in S. cabrilla from Turkey and the first presence of philometrid parasites in Aegean coast of Turkey. Furthermore, the present work is the first record of the effects of Philometra sp. parasitism on a serranid species in Izmir Gulf.

Charter fishing in the Aegean Sea (Turkey), Eastern Mediterranean: The missing point of fisheries management

This study attempts to improve the scientific knowledge of charter fishing on the Aegean coast of Turkey, where fishing activity and ecological indicators were investigated. Fishing and socio-economic data from both charter boat owners and charter fishers were collected using on-site questionnaires, and seasonal on-board surveys during 2017. No differences were observed between CPUE estimates from the questionnaire and the on-board surveys. The highest and lowest fishing activity were found in autumn and summer respectively. Charter owners reported conflicts with both private boat owners as well as commercial fishers. The annual activity was estimated to be 9246 charter trips hosting 138,690 charter fishers, who caught 277−305 tonnes. The total annual fisher and boat owner expenditure was estimated at €3.5 million and €0.6 million respectively. A total of 38 species were identified; most of the catch was represented by sparids, of which there were several species, such as Diplodus vulgaris, Sparus aurata, and Pagellus erythrinus, all of which were highly undersized. The results highlighted that the fishers and boat owners had limited knowledge of fishing policies. We conclude that managers should pay more attention to this activity and revise the existing regulations of charter fishing to improve fisheries management.

First records of six species of crustaceans for the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Abstract This paper deals with six crustacean species associated with Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile, 1813 meadows along the Aegean coasts of Turkey: Caprella tavolarensis, Eriopisella ruffoi, Iphimedia vicina, Astacilla mediterranea, Apseudopsis minimus and Macropodia deflexa. Apseudopsis minimus is a new record for the Turkish coast of the Aegean Sea, the other five species are new records for the eastern Mediterranean. Brief descriptions of the species and their morphological and ecological characteristics are given.

Enigmatic Phytomyxid Parasite of the Alien Seagrass Halophila stipulacea: New Insights into Its Ecology, Phylogeny, and Distribution in the Mediterranean Sea.

Marine phytomyxids represent often overlooked obligate biotrophic parasites colonizing diatoms, brown algae, and seagrasses. An illustrative example of their enigmatic nature is the phytomyxid infecting the seagrass Halophila stipulacea (a well-known Lessepsian migrant from the Indo-Pacific to the Mediterranean Sea). In the Mediterranean, the occurrence of this phytomyxid was first described in 1995 in the Strait of Messina (southern Italy) and the second time in 2017 in the Aegean coast of Turkey. Here we investigated, using scuba diving, stereomicroscopy, light and scanning electron microscopy, and molecular methods, whether the symbiosis is still present in southern Italy, its distribution in this region and its relation to the previous reports. From the total of 16 localities investigated, the symbiosis has only been found at one site. A seasonal pattern was observed with exceptionally high abundance (> 40% of the leaf petioles colonized) in September 2017, absence of the symbiosis in May/June 2018, and then again high infection rates (~ 30%) in September 2018. In terms of anatomy and morphology as well as resting spore dimensions and arrangement, the symbiosis seems to be identical to the preceding observations in the Mediterranean. According to the phylogenetic analyses of the 18S rRNA gene, the phytomyxid represents the first characterized member of the environmental clade "TAGIRI-5". Our results provide new clues about its on-site ecology (incl. possible dispersal mechanisms), hint that it is rare but established in the Mediterranean, and encourage further research into its distribution, ecophysiology, and taxonomy.

RESONATION OF THE VITRUVIUS'S MODULAR, SYSTEMATIC APPROACH WITH THE COMPUTATIONAL MINDSET OF THE DIGITAL AGE: 3D MODELING OF THE IONIAN TEMPLES OF AEGEAN TURKEY

Abstract. Eight of the greatest Ionic temples of the ancient world were built on or near the Aegean coast of Turkey, from the dipteros of Chersiphron in Ephesos to the pseudo-dipteroi of Hermogenes in Teos and Magnesia. The temples were the epitome of elegance and splendour, difficult to surpass in terms of architectural achievement for a period of four centuries from 6th century to 2nd century BC which spans Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic eras. All of these edifices now lie in ruins. As various empires in the region rose and fell, the temples suffered looting and destruction. Nature also played a part with rivers inundating the temenoses and silting up the archaeological remains, and earthquakes toppling columns and reducing the cellas to rubble. Despite this catacylism, tens of hundreds of years after they were built, these marble buildings still tantalise the human imagination. The objective of this paper is to present a systematic and comprehensive treatise of the logical procedure of the 3D visualisation of these monuments of the ancient cities of classical antiquity. The virtual rediscovery and visual recovery can never replace or remedy the loss of the temples. It can, however, visually awaken the imagination and provide a hypothesised experience of the temples as well as restoring a sense of the architecture and the place.

Bugulidae Species along the Aegean Coast of Turkey

Along the Turkish coast, Bugulidae family represented with tree valid genera, Bugula, Bugulina and Crisularia, contains mostly common fouling species in shallow and deep water. Five species belonging to two genera (Bugula neritina, Bugulina flabellata, Bugulina simplex, Bugulina stolonifera, Bugulina fulva) were investigated during different sampling periods. This study provides descriptions, illustrations, and information about ecological characteristics and biogeographical distributions of the above mentioned species. Bugulina fulva was reported for the first time from the Eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey (Marmaris).

Numerical simulation of groundwater flow and temperature distribution in Aegean Coast of Turkey

Geological studies indicate that one of the most important geothermal systems of Turkey is located in the western Anatolia. There are plenty of studies covering the geological, geophysical and modeling aspects on land. In this study, for the first time, we construct coupled numerical models of fluid flow and temperature offshore Gulf of Izmir and Seferihisar–Doğanbey, using constraints from marine seismic data, which reveal pockmarks, mud volcanoes, and fluid vents. The numerical models were designed by taking into account of main tectonic structures such as Izmir Fault, Doğanbey Fault, Tuzla Fault and Seferihisar Horst. It is found that hydrothermal circulation pattern is influenced by the combination of presence of faults, sediment thickness and seafloor bathymetry. The models here give new insights into the future studies on the possible fluid transport mechanisms.