Dengue virus (DENV) poses an escalating public health threat in both endemic and non-endemic regions, driven by globalization, urbanization, and climate change. Early detection of dengue outbreaks remains a critical component in mitigating the impact of this rapidly spreading arboviral disease. Traditional surveillance approaches rely primarily on clinical case reports, which often lag behind the actual onset of transmission. Because of the lag, intensive vector control response would be delayed and become ineffective to contain the transmission promptly. This calls for the need for mosquito-based DENV surveillance even in low transmission or epidemic-prone settings. This review explores the growing body of evidence supporting mosquito-based DENV detection as a proactive surveillance method, particularly in areas with low transmission or at risk of outbreak due to travel-associated cases. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using several academic and public health databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Seventeen studies showed presence of DENV in Aedes mosquitoes in the absence of reported human cases. In the United States, four studies reported DENV positive Ae. aegypti in places where there were no reported human cases. Among various mosquito surveillance tools, BG-Sentinel traps have been indicated to be effective in capturing host-seeking invasive Aedes mosquitoes. Increasing evidence indicates that detecting DENV in field-caught mosquitoes can serve as an early warning signal-preceding reported human dengue cases by several weeks. This entomological approach provides direct insights into the virus's presence in mosquito populations before human infections are formally diagnosed. The review recommends integrating mosquito-based DENV detection into local, state and national arbovirus surveillance systems, especially in non-endemic regions vulnerable to autochthonous transmission. This approach can enhance the timeliness and precision of outbreak responses.

Dengue virus (DENV), a major arboviral pathogen of global concern, evolves rapidly through a combination of intrinsic molecular mechanisms, vector adaptation, and host immune pressures. Despite extensive research, major gap remains in understanding how these forces, collectively generate, shape, and fix adaptive mutations that drive DENV evolution. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms underlying DENV evolution, with emphasising the error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, template switching, recombination, and the modulatory effects of viral RNA secondary structures. We also highlight the replicase complex's intrinsic tolerance to mutations as a driver of evolutionary plasticity. At the protein level, we summarise adaptive mutation in capsid, envelop, NS1 and NS5 protein that influence virulence, transmission efficiency, and immune escape. Additionally, we also address the role of vector adaptation, whereby DENV overcomes midgut and salivary gland infection barriers in Aedes mosquitoes, often through bottleneck-driven selection and compensatory mutations, consequently enhancing transmission potential. Finally, we discuss host immune-driven selection including T cell-mediated immune responses, and the regulation of IFN, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways shapes the evolution of DENV. Together, these insights highlight the dynamic interplay between viral genetics, mosquito vectors, and host immunity in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of DENV.

Abstract Arboviruses are a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in Latin America. Among the most relevant are dengue, with its four serotypes, Zika virus, chikungunya virus, and yellow fever. These diseases, transmitted mainly by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, share initial clinical manifestations, which makes differential diagnosis difficult. In addition, they present serious complications such as encephalitis, congenital microcephaly, chronic arthritis, and liver failure, which increase their impact on the population. This review article describes the virological, epidemiological, clinical, and preventive aspects of these arboviruses, highlighting the importance of vaccination, vector control, and epidemiological surveillance as the main prevention strategies.

The high-energy imaging beamline MOGNO was recently designed, installed and commissioned at the Sirius fourth-generation synchrotron radiation source at the LNLS in Brazil. MOGNO, a micro- and nano-imaging beamline, has as primary source a 3.2 T superbend permanent magnet dipole with a critical energy of 19.15 keV and operates in a cone-beam geometry. The present paper addresses the commissioning experiments in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging and microtomography, revealing high-precision details of a wide range of non-stained biological samples with minimal preparation. We illustrate the potential of non-destructive fast high-resolution microtomographic imaging, particularly for fine anatomical studies of Brazilian biological specimens. Three-dimensional investigations reveal the internal morphology of the head of a dengue fever vector mosquito (Aedes aegypti) and of the whole embryo of a reptile (Brasiliscincus agilis) and of an amphibian (Eleutherodactylus cochranae), as well as the features inherent in an archaeological artefact (Galeocerdo cuvier tooth) and a fish fossil bone (Elopomorpha incertae sedis).

Arginine kinase 2 knockdown enhances deltamethrin sensitivity in Aedes aegypti.

The zoonotic illness known as Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is spread by mosquitoes and poses a serious risk to public and human health. Within the order Bunyavirales, the genus Phlebovirus and family Phenuiviridae comprise the causal agent, Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV). The transboundary spread of RVFV is seriously threatened by the substantial presence of competent vectors in regions where the disease is often absent as well as the effects of global climate change. The development of innovative vaccinations, such as DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) vaccines, has been greatly aided by advances in the last ten years in our understanding of the molecular biology of RVFV. Despite these developments, non-endemic nations still lack a completely approved vaccination for human or animal use. It is clear that endemic nations lack clear policies or procedures pertaining to the routine or strategic immunization of cattle with the goal of averting or mitigating any RVF disease outbreaks. In addition to offering insights on the best methods for managing the illness, this study aims to give a current summary of the state of RVF vaccine development. This study argues that the most effective way to prevent future disease outbreaks and disease spread. First discovered and characterized in Kenya in 1931, Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a viral zoonosis spread by mosquitoes. Significant losses have been caused by RVF outbreaks, as seen in the rise in animal abortions and deaths as well as human sickness and mortality. The epidemiology of RVF is thoroughly examined in this research, which covers topics like ecology, molecular diversity, spatiotemporal analysis, and predictive risk modeling. Aedes mosquitoes are recognized as the main cause of outbreaks, whereas Culex mosquitoes act as secondary vectors for the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Nonetheless, the function of Culex species in transmission dynamics could be impacted by environmental change. Our work’s objectives were to compile a thorough set of published research from Kenya and Tanzania, pinpoint knowledge gaps on Culex groups, and determine whether there was enough spatiotemporal published data available for a future meta-analysis. This represents a first effort to use the data currently available to gain a deeper comprehension of Culex’s function in sustaining RVFV transmission. Using Web of Science, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to identify research that sampled Culex in Tanzania or Kenya up until April 28, 2023. In respect to an RVFV risk map, the study identified the major factors impacting the studies, such as their duration and geographic coverage. After that, we evaluated the various methods for identifying species and examined how they could have affected the outcomes. Out of 275 investigations, 17 clearly demonstrated that RVFV served as the catalyst for the inquiry. There was substantial documentation of studies focused on mosquito sampling in regions linked to the risk of RVFV outbreaks, even though different studies examined a variety of topics. Fifty experiments in all were carried out for a minimum of 12 months. Studies on species identification revealed that using a Culex-specific key increased the chance of finding new species outside of the Culex pipiens complex by almost 14 times. We suggest that the data from these broader investigations might potentially provide significant insights into the persistence of RVFV transmission, even though many published studies sampling Culex in Kenya and/or Tanzania did not explicitly specify RVFV as a key study topic.

Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been utilized in the Indian subcontinent to combat viral infections and insect vectors since prehistoric times. This study examines the application of Bangladeshi MAPs for the treatment of Zika virus (ZIKV). It also provides a comprehensive review of prevention and management strategies for diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. A total of sixty-two Bangladeshi MAPs, belonging to 59 genera and 36 families, exhibit potential antiviral properties against ZIKV. Among these, four species, viz., Erythroxylum sp., Chamaecrista sp., Scleromitrion diffusum, and Camellia sinensis, demonstrated activity against chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Additionally, four species, Allium sativum, Tridax procumbens, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Punica granatum, showed effectiveness against dengue virus (DENV). Nine other species, including Andrographis paniculata, Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Psidium guajava, Tinospora cordifolia, Vitex negundo, and Zingiber officinale, were found to reduce viral loads of all three viruses, DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Furthermore, at least sixteen species, including Andrographis paniculata, Azadirachta indica, Bixa orellana, Blumea balsamifera, Camellia sinensis, Cannabis sativa, Cinnamomum verum, Curcuma longa, Momordica charantia, Psidium guajava, Rauvolfia serpentina, Tecoma stans, Tridax procumbens, Piper nigrum, Vitex negundo, and Zanthoxylum nitidum, exhibited both antiviral and insecticidal properties against Aedes spp. Also, Allium sativum, Kaempferia galanga, Lippia alba, and Zingiber officinale were effective against both Aedes spp. and Culex quinquefasciatus. At the same time, Punica granatum showed efficacy against A. aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and C. quinquefasciatus. This study underscores the significance of integrating traditional knowledge with contemporary scientific methods to develop innovative plant-based therapeutics and environmentally friendly insecticides. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 23(4): 508–515, 2025

Arboviral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever are of increasing endemicity and public health concern in Africa. Understanding the spatial distribution and dynamics of insecticide resistance in the Aedes vector could guide effective control interventions. We conducted larval surveys and WHO adult susceptibility bioassays on emerged adults from January 2019 to December 2023 in Ghana. Bioassays revealed widespread resistance in Ae. aegypti to pyrethroids, with 33.8–88.8% mortality for deltamethrin and 65–89% for permethrin. Ae. aegypti from Paga, Takoradi, and Accra was susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl. Ae. vittatus exhibited confirmed or possible resistance to pyrethroids. Ae. albopictus was found susceptible to all insecticides tested. Genotyping of mosquitoes (n = 887) identified high allelic frequencies of the F1534C kdr mutation in the pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti populations. These findings highlight widespread pyrethroid resistance in the Ghanaian Aedes populations driven primarily by target-site insensitivity, and emphasize the urgent need for evidence-based vector-management strategies.

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus which is classified as an Arthropod-Borne Virus, genus Flavivirus, and family Flaviviridae. DHF is transmitted through mosquito bites from the genus Aedes, especially Aedes aegypti which can attack all age groups. According to data from the World Health Organization, an estimated 500,000 DHF patients require home care each year and most of the sufferers are children, in Indonesia there are 129,435 cases. This study aims to determine the Description of Nursing Care for Hypovolemia Management in Children with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever with Hypovolemia. Methods: This case study uses a qualitative descriptive research design using a death process approach, providing a systematic, actual and accurate description of Nursing Care for Hypovolemia Management in Children with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever with Hypovolemia. Results: there was an increase in fluid status with SLKI at level 3 (moderate) in both patients Conclusion: increase in fluid status with SLKI at level 3 (moderate).

Background/objectivesMosquito-borne diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus remain global health concerns. Pyriproxyfen is effective in controlling mosquitoes by disrupting their development. This study seeks to assess pyriproxyfen’s ability to prevent Aedes aegypti emergence from water sources. It is part of a trial evaluating pyriproxyfen’s impact on reducing mosquito infestation and dengue transmission, verifying its persistence and effectiveness in real-world and laboratory conditions.MethodsThe study was conducted in Khon Kaen province (northeastern region) and Prachuap Khiri Khan province (western region) of Thailand. We assessed pyriproxyfen residual effectiveness, inhibition of mosquito larval emergence and active ingredients among batches in a pyriproxyfen-based mosquito control trial in Khon Kaen. In Prachuap Khiri Khan we evaluated pyriproxyfen effectiveness across various water sources. The active ingredients in two pyriproxyfen batches were analyzed in a Sumitomo laboratory and in an independent laboratory.ResultsThirty days after field water containers were treated with pyriproxyfen the inhibition of mosquito larval emergence declined to ~60% and 60 days post-treatment the inhibition of emergence was just ~10%. Two batches of pyriproxyfen tested in the laboratory had > 85% inhibition of emergence and the active ingredient concentrations varied from 0.45-0.52%, close to the manufacturer’s specifications of 0.5%. In laboratory experiments, the inhibition of mosquito emergence of pyriproxyfen in different water sources started declining after 42 days. Rain- and groundwater had higher inhibition rates (20–30%) than tap water (~10%) after 98 days. Emergence inhibition rates correlated negatively with water pH (F(1,118) = 5.626, p < 0.001) and positively with total dissolved solids, conductivity, and salinity of the water (F(1,118) = 48.302, p < 0.001), (F(1,118) = 37.022, p < 0.001), and (F(1,118) = 36.699, p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsPyriproxyfen failed to control Aedes mosquitoes at the recommended application frequency and doses in the field. The potential reasons for lack of effectiveness may be caused by environmental factors, such as pH, water source, and other water characteristics or social factors, such as homeowners’ behaviors and water storage practices. The study underscores the importance of understanding environmental and social factors to tailor application strategies and ensuring sustained efficacy through regular monitoring, particularly in diverse contexts.

Invasive Aedes mosquitoes are major vectors of arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, posing an increasing threat to global public health. Their recent geographic expansion calls for predictive models to simulate population dynamics and transmission risk. Temperature is a key driver in these models, influencing traits that affect vector competence. Numerous datasets on temperature-dependent traits exist for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, though they are scattered, inconsistent, and difficult to synthesise. For emerging species like Aedes japonicus and Aedes koreicus, such datasets are scarce. To address these gaps, we developed AedesTraits, an open-access, machine-readable dataset aligned with VecTraits standards. It compiles and systematises experimental data on temperature-dependent traits across these four Aedes species, covering life-history, morphological, physiological, and behavioural traits. Our synthesis highlights existing knowledge gaps and identifies under-studied species and traits. By promoting data systematisation and accessibility, AedesTraits supports Aedes–borne disease modelling and fosters international collaboration in the development of forecasting tools for arbovirus outbreaks.

The mosquito Aedes aegypti, a key vector for arboviruses including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, was first detected in California in 2013 and has since expanded northward. This study examines the genetic structure of California populations and, based on that structure, proposes potential mechanisms driving their invasion across the state. A whole-genome analysis of 181 individuals, including 49 newly sequenced from recently established populations in Northern California, corroborates previously described genetic structure and reveals the origins of these populations. Many northern populations shared ancestry with Southern California populations, suggesting passive dispersal. Additionally, we observed significant genetic admixture between divergent clusters in the Central Valley, associated with increased nucleotide diversity, which may enhance adaptive potential. We describe the effects of range expansion and genetic admixture on divergent ancestral lineages and discuss the importance of human-mediated dispersal in the spread of this invasive species. Our results illustrate the utility of genomic tools in surveillance programs for tracking dispersal patterns. Such strategies can contribute to mitigating the growing public health threat posed by Ae. aegypti's continued expansion in California, particularly as locally acquired arbovirus cases increase.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, based on chronic inflammation, and accompanied by several comorbidities. Dengue fever is a disease caused by the bite of a mosquito ( Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus ) that progresses through various stages, ranging from a febrile illness to hemorrhagic disease and hypovolemic shock. High levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a protein with diverse effects on the body, have been reported in both T2DM and dengue. The frequency of T2DM patients becoming infected with the dengue virus (DENV) is considered likely. Thus, a patient with dengue/T2DM will experience the effects of CRP, DENV, and diabetes. This review aims to give an overview of their potential effects. This review summarizes the current published literature (searched on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science) regarding the factors that affect pathogenesis of dengue, CRP effects and diabetes type 2 searched up to 2025. We found that CRP, either alone or in combination with DENV, could induce effects leading to severe progression of both dengue and T2DM. Thus, CRP, with or without the action of DENV, can affect insulin receptors, the glycation of molecules, the expression of receptors for these glycated compounds (RAGE), induces liver damage, alters the coagulation system, the host microbiota, and possibly the central nervous system. In conclusion, severe alterations in dengue/T2DM may be related to alterations in the aforementioned systems, with both CRP and dengue representing factors inducing disease severity.

Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus and transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, poses significant public health challenges across tropical and subtropical regions. With rising temperatures, changing mosquito habitats, and increasing global dengue incidence including to countries previously dengue-naive, accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for effective disease management and outbreak control. This review explores the current state of both laboratory and point-of-care (POC) tests for dengue fever diagnosis. We discuss the performance characteristics, specifically sensitivity and specificity, of commercially available diagnostic options, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Additionally, we discuss emerging biosensor technologies designed for POC dengue diagnosis, which hold promise but are largely still in development. This overview aims to highlight the evolving landscape of dengue diagnostics and the potential impact of novel technologies.

The mosquito's gut microbiota plays a crucial role in determining its capacity to transmit harmful viruses and parasites. Accordingly, manipulating mosquito gut microbiota is a promising avenue towards reducing mosquito-borne human pathogen transmission. A successful microbial control campaign will require a thorough understanding of how bacteria are transmitted through mosquito populations. Through two parallel but complementary studies using the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti as a focal host species, we surveyed vertical transmission of bacteria from individual mothers to cohorts of offspring maintained in a closed system. Laboratory- and field-derived mothers deposited bacteria that support offspring development, and the relative abundance of commonly transmitted taxa correlated with offspring fitness. Maternally transmitted bacteria were detected in both larval and adult offspring, and the relative abundances of specific taxa differed between life stages. Microbiota composition in adult offspring closely resembled microbiota composition in mothers, despite dramatic shifts in the relative abundance of specific microbial community members during the larval stage. Variability in microbiota composition in offspring was also greater than variability across the population of egg-laying mothers. Eggs that underwent a period of desiccation before hatching produced larval communities dominated by endospore-forming bacteria that were rare in maternal samples. Overall, our results demonstrate the vertical transmission of mosquito-associated microbiota across generations, including bacterial taxa that could potentially be leveraged for mosquito and mosquito-borne disease control.

Introduction: Ovitraps are widely used traps for detecting and monitoring the oviposition of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, notable for their high sensitivity, low cost, and ease of use. Objective: To evaluate the oviposition of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in ovitraps installed on a university campus located in the city of Santarém, Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Method: A field study was conducted between November 2023 and February 2024 at the Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA). The ovitraps used to detect species of the genus Aedes were made with dark plastic containers, Eucatex® straws, and an attractive solution and were installed in two distinct seasonal periods (dry and rainy) in the study area.A total of 19 traps were set up, and meteorological data on precipitation and temperature were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). Based on the results, the Ovitrap Positivity Index (IPO) and the Egg Density Index (IDO) were calculated. Results: A total of 3,553 eggs of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were collected, of which 592 were recorded in the dry season and 2,961 in the rainy season. The IPO ranged from 47.4% to 100.0%, while the EDI ranged from 29.2 to 62.5. Conclusions: The ovitraps proved effective in detecting eggs of the two target species, indicating the continuous presence of females throughout both climatic periods, with a predominance in the rainy season.

In Africa, Culex is an important vector that transmits West Nile virus, whilst Aedes mosquitoes transmit dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika. However, very limited data is available on their bionomics and ecology. Here, we provide data on the abundance and distribution of Culex and Aedes mosquitoes in Ghana between 2017 and 2025. We collected 39,761 Culex and 6,047 Aedes mosquitoes using various mosquito-trapping tools. Both vectors were predominantly observed outdoors. Aedes aegypti was the most dominant Aedes vector observed in Ghana. The invasive Aedes albopictus was sampled in 2023, whereas Aedes vittatus was observed in Accra. Our data provides important information to support vector surveillance, ecological risk assessments, and integrated vector-management strategies.

IntroductionArbovirus infections, including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, constitute significant global health threats. The epidemiology of these diseases is closely tied to the biology and ecology of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, particularly regarding its vector competence—the mosquito’s ability to acquire, maintain, and transmit pathogens. While genetic variations among mosquito populations have traditionally received the most attention and are often regarded as the main determinants of vector competence, life history components, including immune history, microbiota composition, and nutritional status, are increasingly recognized as critical modulators of this trait. In this context, the increasing prevalence of diet-induced obesity and diabetes in human hosts—a condition that alters blood plasma composition—may reshape the mosquito´s nutritional and immunological landscape.MethodsThis study investigated the impact of these conditions on A. aegypti biology and Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. For this, AG129 mice were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for 20 weeks to develop weight gain and insulin resistance. By comparing mosquitoes fed on healthy and diabetic-obese mice, we assessed changes in life history traits, immunometabolic parameters, and transcriptomic profiles.ResultsNotably, mosquitoes fed on HFHS-fed mice showed reduced survival, altered lipid profile and a significant reduction in midgut and systemic ZIKV infection levels, which correlated with distinct transcriptomic alterations in genes related to gut metabolism and homeostasis.DiscussionThese findings demonstrate that the host’s metabolic state is a critical modulator of mosquito physiology, increasing mosquito mortality while reducing ZIKV infection levels. This highlights that host-centric factors, such as the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome, are an overlooked variable that may have complex epidemiological consequences for arbovirus transmission by mosquitoes.

Background: Climate change plays a significant role in increasing dengue fever incidence by altering the habitat suitability for Aedes mosquitoes, the primary vectors. The incidence rate of dengue fever in Indonesia is increasing at an alarming rate, and strengthening the surveillance and control of the disease is important to prevent and reduce the risk of infection. This research aims to map and produce vulnerability areas that are suitable for dengue fever vectors by identifying their habitat using environmental and socio‑economic variables.Method: We use six variables as proxy for environmental and socio‑economic drivers of dengue fever, namely 1) distance to pond, 2) distance to drain, 3) building density, 4) distance to health facilities, 5) distance to social activity center, and 6) elevation to represent local temperature and variables are used within the landscape level of research area. This research was conducted in six different regions within two provinces in Indonesia, supported by the incidence rate in each region. Spatial multi‑criteria evaluation (SMCE) was used to map vulnerability areas of dengue fever vector habitats and assign weights and scores to variables according to expert judgements and existing literature.Results: Our findings show that high‑risk areas are located near major water bodies and drainage, lack supporting medical facilities, and are prone to changing climatic conditions. Given the importance of the administrative unit in conducting intervention policies, the calculated total areas of high‑vulnerable zones were given in the research and showed a variation of patterns according to their respective location.Conclusion: Our research suggests that vulnerability areas mapping of dengue fever is needed to control the disease in Indonesia. Thus, this research serves as proof of concept for national‑level mapping.

Dengue is a rapidly expanding vector-borne disease transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, which often breed in artificial containers. Urban construction sites, with their abundance of water-holding surfaces, are increasingly recognized as key breeding habitats. This study presents the first field-based evaluations of how specific construction materials, particularly cement types, influence mosquito oviposition behavior. A seven-month field-based, randomized controlled experiment (September 2024-March 2025) was conducted across three Grama Niladhari divisions (Kolonnawa, Salamulla, and Orugodawatta) in Colombo District, Sri Lanka. A total of 480 ovitraps using four substrate types, Control (plastic), Blended Hydraulic Cement (BHC), Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), and Portland Limestone Cement (PCC), were deployed in indoor (n = 4) and outdoor (n = 4) settings at 20 randomly selected households per GN division. Water quality parameters (pH, turbidity, conductivity) were recorded at trap placement. Egg counts were analyzed using a Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) regression model. Traps containing BHC and PCC substrates had significantly fewer eggs than controls (BHC: β = -0.402, P = 0.014; PCC: β = -0.527, P = 0.001) and showed a higher likelihood of zero-egg presence (BHC: β = 1.025, P = 0.002; PCC: β = 0.941, P = 0.003). Outdoor traps had higher egg counts than indoor ones (β = 0.326, P = 0.021). Among water quality factors, only conductivity was significantly associated with egg counts (P = 0.036). The BHC and PCC cement types significantly deterred Aedes oviposition compared to other substrates, indicating that construction materials can influence mosquito breeding behavior.