Aedes Sp Research Articles

Relationship of Water Media Characteristics (pH, Temperature, TDS) to Density of Aedes sp Mosquito Flars in Karanggeneng Village, Lamongan District

DHF (Dengue hemorrhagic fever) is a tropical endemic disease in Indonesia with a fluctuating trend in Lamongan. The main factor under control is the larval breeding habitat. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the characteristics of the water medium and the density of Aedes sp. mosquito larvae in Karanggeneng Village, Lamongan Regency. We conducted this quantitative study using a cross-sectional observational method on a sample of 80 houses in Karanggeneng Village, employing a straightforward random sampling technique. We recorded the data collection in the observation sheet and analyzed it with a chi-square test. The results showed that 37 houses were positive for Aedes sp. larvae based on HI (DF = 6), CI (DF = 6), and BI (DF = 7), so Karanggeneng Village has a high mosquito larval density. There is a significant relationship between water media and the presence of Aedes sp. mosquito larvae. The relationship between pH (p-value = 0.000), temperature (p-value = 0.000), and TDS (p-value = 0.000) is significant. We recommend regularly draining the water container weekly to prevent mosquito larvae from using it as a habitat.

Pengendalian Sarang Nyamuk dan Kepadatan Jentik Aedes sp. di Kelurahan Kalumbuk Kecamatan Kuranji Kota Padang

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus transmitted through the bite of the Aedes sp mosquito. This disease is endemic in Padang City, where 11 sub-districts have been recorded as being infected with dengue fever, the 3 sub-districts with the highest number of dengue cases, one of which is Kuranji sub-district with the highest number of cases. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between controlling mosquito nests and the density of Aedes sp larvae. in Kalumbuk Village, Kuranji District, Padang City. This research design is analytical observation with a cross sectional approach. The research was carried out in September - December 2023. The population of this study was 460 families. Using a proportional random sampling technique using the Slovin formula, a sample of 82 families was obtained, and the data analysis used was the chi-square test statistic. The results of the research show that the implementation of controlling mosquito nests in Kalumbuk Village, Kuranji District is classified as poor (46.3%), larval density does not meet the quality standards, namely 91.5% (<95%), there is a relationship between controlling mosquito nests and Aedes larvae density. sp. with a p-value of 0.003. Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between controlling mosquito nests and the density of Aedes sp larvae. in Kalumbuk Village, Kuranji District, Padang City. It is recommended that the Community Health Center conduct outreach and activate 1 house 1 jumantik and the community can control mosquito nests with the 3M Plus program periodically once a week so that it can break the chain of transmission of dengue fever.

The use of antigens derived from Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria for further differentiation

This study is devoted to studying Bacillus thuringiensis antigens and their insecticide activity as critical features in bacterial differentiation. Indeed, 190 samples were examined for flagellar antigenicity as well as the insecticidal activity exhibited. From a serological perspective, 122 isolates (64.2 %) were attributed to 8 H-serogroups, including 3 non-typeable and 65 unverified. The dominant serotype was H3abc (82 % frequency); H6 was less frequent (8.5 %). The other 6 serotypes accounted for a low frequency of occurrence (up to 1.5 %). Of the 190 isolates tested, 125 (65.8 %) formed bipyramidal, and 63 (33.2 %) represented spherical inclusions. All H3abc isolates contained bipyramidal inclusions. The same applied to H8ab and H7 isolates. Insecticide activity was noted in 70.1 % of the population. In general, 128 samples were toxic to both species (Bombyx mori, Aedes sp.). Another 3 samples were toxic only to B. mori, and 2 for Aedes sp. Among the samples exhibiting toxicity to both species, 97.6 % belonged to bipyramidal paraspore inclusions (H3abc). All H7 samples were toxic to two insect species. Monotoxic B. thuringiensis against Aedes sp. were found only among organisms producing spherical parasporal inclusions in the cell. Examples of such microorganisms include an isolate of the H4ab/43 serotype.

A Viroinformatics Study: B-Cell Polytope Mapping of Envelope Protein to Develop Vaccine Candidate against Four DENV Serotype

Nowadays, dengue virus (DENV) is still become a global problem, even though the virus infection issues have reached half of the population in some countries each year. DENV belongs to the enveloped virus with positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) genus Flavivirus and belongs to the Flaviviridae family. DENV has structural proteins which consist of the envelope protein (E), capsid (C), and membrane (M). There are four serotypes of this virus which are DENV-1, 2, 3, and 4. These four serotypes are transmitted to humans through Aedes sp. The development of this vaccine is still in progress and the challenge of this DENV vaccine candidate design is to overcome the heterotypic infection and the expansion of coverage protection to all virus serotypes. This research uses design simulation for vaccine candidates using B cell epitope in all DENV’s serotypes envelope to trigger the antibody formation through bioinformatics method that consists of protein modeling, immunogenicity, toxicity, and immune stimulation. DENV envelope protein was predicted to have polytope that can be recognized by B cells and act as an antigen, have low similarity with the composing sequence of cell surface receptors on the body, and non-toxic, and then can trigger the population increase of B cell and IgM antibody production with high avidity to neutralize four of the DENV serotypes. We recommend the B cell polytype which consists of A, C, E, and G peptides be examined by the wet-lab approach.

EFEKTIFITAS SEDIAAN REPELLENT STICK EKSTRAK BUAH WALAY (Meistera chinensis) TERHADAP NYAMUK Aedes sp

Repellent is a preparation used to avoid bites from insects, including the Aedes sp mosquito. Repellent sticks are applied without direct contact with the hands, unevaporate easily and can last relatively longer on the skin. One of the plants from Southeast Sulawesi, namely Walay fruit (Meistera chinensis), contains triterpenoid and flavonoid compounds which have the potential as an active substance in anti-mosquito repellant. This study aims to formulate repellent sticks of Meistera chinensis fruit extract which effective against Aedes sp. Three formula consists of 1%, 3% and 5% extracts with additional ingredients carnouba wax, cetyl alcohol, Vaseline alba, SLS, propylene glycol, span 80, tween 80, Na benzoate, BHT, eucalyptus and aquadest. The results of the physical evaluation showed the repellent had brown in color, an eucalyptus aroma, solid, homogeneous, pH of 6.8-6.9, melting temperature 60°C-62°C, applied 1x, and was not irritating. After 14 days of storage at room temperature the repellent was stable. The repellent effectiveness against Aedes sp showed that formula C with 5% extract had the highest protection power, namely 90%. The results of the ANOVA statistical analysis obtained a value of sig.0.009 (p<0.05) which shows that there are significant differences in effectiveness between treatment groups.

Entomological Survey and Temephos Susceptibility of Aedes, Culex and Anopheles in Naena Muktipura Mimika Papua

Introduction: Arthropod-borne diseases are infectious diseases mediated by mosquitoes that have incurred a considerable health problem. The prevalence of this disease is notably high in some rural areas, such as Papua, due to some environmental conditions that support mosquitoes breeding sites and leads to high rate of disease transmission. Methods: This experimental research aims to determine the breeding site, mosquitos’ diversity, and susceptibility to temephos insecticide through an entomological survey to find out the breeding site of the larvae. The positive breeding sites of the larva were captured and identified in the laboratory. The temephos test were carried out for each species of larvae at dose 0,02 ppm for Aedes albopictus and Culex sp, and 0.25 ppm for Anopheles sp. Results and Discussion: Entomology survey showed that 5 of 27 stagnant water were positive breeding site of mosquito larvae. The following larvae were found: Aedes sp, Culex sp and Anopheles sp. Culex sp and Anopheles sp prefer dirty stagnant water covered with leaves, while Aedes albopictus likes puddles that are exposed to direct sunlight. The three species were known to be susceptible to temephos. Conclusion: There are three species of Diptera in Naena Muktipura village, with different characteristics of breeding site, but those mosquitoes are all susceptible to temephos.

Convolutional neural network-based real-time mosquito genus identification using wingbeat frequency: A binary and multiclass classification approach

Global rises in dengue hemorrhagic fever, especially in Asia and Latin America, underscore the necessity for enhanced public health interventions. Aedes spp. mosquitoes are the primary vectors; however, species such as Culex quinquefasciatus pose significant health risks by transmitting diseases such as filariasis, impacting millions of people worldwide. This study introduces a real-time convolutional neural network-based mosquito classification system using wingbeat frequency for identifying various mosquito species, with emphasis on Aedes sp. We proposed and assessed two models: a binary classification and a multiclass system. The binary system exhibited an outstanding accuracy of 91.76% in distinguishing between Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The multiclass system accurately identified female and male Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus with a precision of 87.16%. This innovative approach serves as a potential tool for dengue infection control and a versatile instrument for combating various mosquito-borne illnesses, enhancing vector surveillance for comprehensive disease management.

Water containers and the preferable conditions for laying eggs by Aedes mosquitoes in Maros Regency, South of Sulawesi, Indonesia.

One of the factors that influence the development of mosquitoes is the water container. This study was performed to determine the relationship between the characteristics of water containers and the preferable conditions for laying eggs by Aedes sp. A single larva method was conducted during March 2019 in 300 houses in two villages (Turikale and Adatongeng) at Maros Regency, Indonesia. In total, 1,269 water containers were considered, and among them buckets were found to be the most common container. Logistic regression analysis showed that the type, container location, and weekly drainage were related to the presence of larvae/pupae in the Maros Regency (p-value < 0.05). Non-water containers, which are kept indoors and are not drained at least once a week, have a greater chance of breeding Aedes sp. More attention is given to non-water containers that are located inside the house. Prevention activities, especially draining water containers properly at least once a week ensures that they do not become breeding sites for Aedes sp. mosquitoes and helps to prevent the transmission of dengue viral fever.

SEIR Model of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever with the Life Stage Structure of the Aedes albopictus Mosquito

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute febrile illness caused by the dengue virus. This virus belongs to group B arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviroses) of the genus Flavivirus, which has four serotypes, namely Dengue I, Dengue II, Dengue III, and Dengue IV. Dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes sp. The SEIR model studied places the Aedes albopictus mosquito as the main vector. Many DHF cases are caused by this mosquito because it has a larger coverage area and is more difficult to control. All Aedes mosquito species have four life stages, namely: (1) egg, (2) larva, (3) pupa, and (4) adult. A stage-structured model was chosen because Ae. albopictus has varying rates of development and mortality at different stages. This model study includes determining the fixed point, determining the basic reproduction number R0, analyzing the stability of the fixed point, and simulating the population dynamics of dengue virus transmission. This model indicates the presence of endemics in an area for certain parameter values. This model produces a disease-free equilibrium, or DFE, which will be stable when R0 &lt; 1, otherwise unstable when R0 &gt; 1. The dynamic results for each human population (susceptible, exposed, infected, and cured) through observations in numerical simulations are influenced by the selection of the R0 value. The value of R0 is influenced by the mosquito death rate parameter and the average bite rate of infected mosquitoes. Population dynamics simulations show that an increase in the death rate of mosquitoes will reduce the number of humans exposed to them. In addition, an increase in the average number of infected mosquito bites will increase the number of humans exposed. Changes in the number of humans in each population tend to be different for each increase in the mosquito mortality rate or for each increase in the average number of infected mosquito bites.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Determinant factor affected the presence of Aedes sp. in a customary village

Vector surveillance and control are the only reliable means for the prevention and control of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, such as in Customary Village environments. Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has many Customary Villages, so the variables that affect the breeding of dengue vectors are numerous and complex. This study identifies potential vector breeding places and environmental factors for the presence of Aedes sp. in Customary Villages. A study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in the Segenter Customary Villages, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors associated with the presence of Aedes larvae. The results showed that the entomological index was in the high category and at risk as a potential breeding place for the Aedes sp. The determinant factor that affects the presence of dengue vectors is the traditional type of house (p-value=0.005; RP=2.138). This factor is strengthened by the 70-90% humidity (p-value= 0.009; RP=1.764), 25-30 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C house temperatures (p-value=0.011; RP=1.650), and mixed type house (p-value=0.067; RP=1.413). These findings contribute to the development of an early warning system regarding the potential spread of Aedes vector-borne diseases, increase awareness, promote and prevention of dengue fever (DF), and its vectors to healthy tourism in Indonesia.

Aedes Sp. Mosquito Resistance and the Effectiveness of Biolarvicides on Dengue Vector Mortality

Aedes Sp. Mosquito Resistance and the Effectiveness of Biolarvicides on Dengue Vector Mortality

Habitat Characteristics of Aedes Sp Larval Containers and Density of Container Index (CI) In the Area Endemic and Non-Endemic to DHF In Makassar City

Habitat Characteristics of Aedes Sp Larval Containers and Density of Container Index (CI) In the Area Endemic and Non-Endemic to DHF In Makassar City

Identifikasi Nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus Pada Kejadian Luar Biasa Infeksi Chikungunya Di Bali

Chikungunya is a re-emerging disease that occurs due to the bites of Aedes sp-infected Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Chikungunya infection is a serious issue with high fever for 3 - 5 days as the indication and until now there is no Chikungunya vaccine. This is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The research samples were mosquitoes captured on 2 sampling points conducted in Peregae hamlet, Mengwi, and Buana Desa village, Padangsambian sub-district in December 2021. The aim of this study was to identify the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes as vectors of CHIKV infection in areas with an increasing number of CHIKV outbreak cases in Bali. The sampling technique was performed using total sampling utilizing a light trap installed in the room from the afternoon until the morning. The total number of mosquitoes captured in the two locations was 101, consisting of 46 non-Aedes sp (45.5%) and, 55 Aedes sp (53.9%). Captured Aedes sp mosquitoes consisted of 2 species, that is 6 Ae. albopictus (5.9%) and 49 Ae. aegypti (48.5%). Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were more commonly found as a vector for CHIKV infection in Peregae hamlet, Mengwi village, and Buana Desa hamlet, Padangsambian sub-district

Physicochemical as Well Biological Parameters of Waste Water of the Last Chamber of the Septic Tank is Advocacy to the Hypothesis - ‘A New Ecosystem of Aedes SP. Mosquito’: A Survey and Observations

Aedes sp. Mosquito a global life threatening insect,“it bred and develop in the clean and clear water”, is an widely accepted theory regarding the life cycle of this vector.&#x0D; To establish the Hypothesis: of the present Study, ‘A NEW ECOSYSTEM OF Aedes sp. MOSQUITO’, analysis of Physicochemical and Biological parameters of Septik Tank water have been carried out at different laboratories.Total 5 nos of waste water samples have been collected and analyzed accordingly. Significant and interesting results have come out like,pH:8- 8.5, Nitrate: Below Detection Level, DO:0.7 - 1.0 (mg/L) etc.&#x0D; *Besides, Light intensity (LUX) of the covered tank is 00 so it is an APHOTIC ZONE. &#x0D; There is no trace of light and Nitrate in the water, so no problem of Eutrophication, no algal flora have been reported.&#x0D; *It is highly helpful for easy movement for the larva and pupa of the mosquito.&#x0D; * Bacterial Floral load is excessive high [Total Coliform -255 x 102 CFU).&#x0D; * So the water is enriched with sufficient nutrition and food materials for their development.&#x0D; Only but the important factor i.e. D.O.: - 0.85 mg/L, is in danger and toxic level for a normal aquatic creature, but this HYPOXIC CONDITION is not at all any problem for larva and pupa of Mosquito (Aedes. Sp.). Because they consume aerial Oxygen from the upper surface of the water with their SIPHON and TRUMP as an adaptive measure of their life cycle.&#x0D; From the above survey and observations an inference can be drawn that highly adaptive Aedes sp. mosquitoes are successfully growing in the so called dirty but nutrition enriched water of Septic Tank&#x0D; There is a strong interaction between Aedes sp .and Septic Tank. Aedes sp. also performing the role of entomological vector silently and creating a severe community health problem all over the world.

The Use of Ovitrap and the Female &lt;i&gt;Aedes&lt;/i&gt; sp. Density in the Tamansari Village of Bandung City

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia, which become one of the mortality causes, is relatively high. Therefore, the government launched the mosquito nest eradication (MNE) movement with an indicator of the larva-free rate to reduce the incidence of DHF. Another effort in vector control is using ovitrap to break the life chain of dengue vectors. This study aimed to determine the effect of using ovitrap on the female Aedes sp. density in the Tamansari village area of Bandung city. This quantitative experimental study was conducted on 60 houses in two neighborhood associations in the Tamansari village area. Both community groups were assessed for ovitrap index and the number of eggs trapped on ovitrap filter paper before and after treatment. The treatment group consisting of 30 houses was given one ovitrap inside and one ovitrap outside the house for four weeks. Ovitrap is changed every five days. The second group is the control community. The data obtained were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and chi-square tests with a degree of confidence of 0.05. In this study, the ovitrap index of this area was found between 0.67–0.80, which indicates that this area is at high risk of DHF transmission. Statistical tests showed that the use of ovitrap did not affect female Aedes sp. density as assessed by the ovitrap index. The results showed that using ovitrap could not control the population of Aedes sp.

Pengetahuan Siswa SMA Labschool UPGRIS Kota Semarang Tentang Pencegahan Demam Berdarah Dengan Wolbachia

Dengue fever remains a serious public health issue at the international and local levels, particularly in Semarang. Dengue fever can be controlled by Wolbachia bacteria, to suppress Aedes Sp. The SMA Labschool UPGRIS Semarang City students have never received instruction on controlling dengue disease using Wolbachia. This activity aims to increase the pupils' understanding of the issue. Powerpoint slides are used to facilitate discussions and the presentation of material during activities. There were 49 students in attendance. The Pre-Post test is used to measure knowledge. The non-parametric Wilcoxon sign rank test was used for a descriptive and analytical analysis of the measurement results. The findings indicate that 42 students' knowledge (85.7%) grew due to exposure. In the pre-test, students' understanding of dengue fever and how to control it using Wolbachia was, 50% complete (mean 50.6), but in the post-test, it was 80% complete (mean 8). The values before and after the test are significantly different (p-value 0.001). The socializing activities can help students learn more about the dynamics of dengue-transmitting mosquitoes and how Wolbachia bacteria can be used to control them. It is essential to create print and internet informational materials regarding dengue illness and how Wolbachia can treat it.

Efektivitas Minyak Serai Sebagai Bioinsektisida Nyamuk

The Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai (UPTT) campus allows it to become a preferred habitat for mosquitoes while laying their eggs. Aedes sp. is a vector for the spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). One way to control dengue fever is to use insecticides. The use of insecticides that are excessive and repeated can have a negative impact, for that we take advantage of the potential of nature as a bioinsecticide. One of them is the lemongrass plant which can be used as a mosquito repellent because it contains substances such as geraniol, methyl heptenone, terpenes, terpenes, organic acids and especially citronella as a mosquito spray. This research is a quantitative research with a pure experimental design. Researchers made observations in the field to collect mosquito larvae, which were then reared in the laboratory. The results of rearing mosquitoes were then treated and analyzed using WHO mosquito mortality standard criteria. Lemongrass plants can be used as bioinsecticides or insect organic insecticides, for example the Aedes sp. Lemongrass plant extract (Cymbopogon citratus) is effective in killing Aedes sp. mosquito larvae. along with increasing concentration in each treatment. The most potent or effective concentration in killing Aedes sp. is a concentration of 20%.

Portable Device for Aedes Sp Larva Suction with Mechanical Electric Methods: Innovation in Control of DHF Disease

Portable Device for Aedes Sp Larva Suction with Mechanical Electric Methods: Innovation in Control of DHF Disease

Uji Resistensi Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Terhadap Insektisida Permethrin di Kota Binjai Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2022

The control effort of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) which is transmitted by the Aedes sp. infected with the Dengue virus, of which can be done by fogging. The active ingredient for fogging generally uses the insecticide permethrin. This study aimed to identify the resistance status of DHF vectors to the insecticide permethrin in controlling DHF vectors. The method of collecting Aedes sp. larvae was carried out in 100 residents' houses in neighborhoods 3 and 4 of Damai Village, North Binjai District, Binjai City, North Sumatra Province by observing each water reservoir that has the potential to become a breeding ground for Aedes sp. Aedes sp. larvae colonized until the F1 generation, then tested for resistance to permethrin insecticide using the CDC Bottle method. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The percentage of death of test mosquitoes was 25% (&lt;80%). It was concluded that the Aedes sp. in Neighborhoods 3 and 4 of Damai Village, North Binjai District, Binjai City were resistant to the insecticide permethrin. It is recommended that the Binjai City Health Office/Government make a policy in controlling the DHF vector by replacing Permethrin insecticide with another class of insecticides.

Survei Jentik Aedes Sp, Pengetahuan dan Perilaku 3M Plus Masyarakat di Provinsi Jawa Barat

Background of Study: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is caused by the dengue virus which is carried by the Aedes sp mosquito as a vector. Environmental conditions and community behaviour are the factors that influence the spread of this infection. Therefore, the efforts to control DHF in the community are carried out with the movement to eradicate mosquito nests through the 3M Plus program. In 2020, West Java Province recorded the highest cases of DHF in Indonesia, so it was catagorized as red zone and became the dengue endemic area. This study aimed to describe the presence larvae of Aedes sp, the community's knowledge dan behaviour about 3M Plus in West Java ProvinceMethods: This descriptive study used a cross sectional design, conducted in West Java Province in 2020. The sample of this study as many as 136 households and was selected using purposive sampling technique.Results: The results showed that 77.2% of the community's knowledge level of 3M plus was catagorized as good, 51.5% of the people implemented 3M Plus, and no mosquito larvae were found in 72.8% of the respondents' housesConclusion: The majority of the community had good knowledge and had implemented the 3M Plus program with results showing that in most of the community's homes no larvae were found. It is suggested to the community to regularly monitor larvae around their homes.Keywords: Dengue fever; Larva survey; 3M plus; Water container