Advocacy Activities Research Articles

The impact of community engaged healthcare education on undergraduate students’ empathy and their views towards social accountability; a mixed methods systematic review

BackgroundMany non-communicable diseases are rooted in social factors that determine health outcomes. Complex topics such as the social determinants of health are difficult to teach through traditional didactic methods. Since the introduction of the social accountability of medical schools’ framework in 1995 by the World Health Organisation, healthcare education institutions are encouraged to shift their traditional education models towards a socially accountable approach. Community engagement can facilitate a deeper understanding of health inequity, barriers to health care, and the social determinants of health whilst enabling institutions to meet their obligation to the communities they serve. This systematic review aimed to answer the following question: ‘‘What is the impact of community engaged healthcare education on undergraduate healthcare students' empathy and their views towards social accountability?’’.MethodsThis is a mixed-methods systematic review. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022306181). The following databases were searched: Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, BEI for primary research studies published from 1995 to September 2024. Grey literature was also searched via EThOS and Google. Studies recruiting undergraduate students of regulated healthcare professions in countries of very high development were included. A convergent integrated approach to synthesis was followed.ResultsOut of the 19,590 papers yielded from the literature search, 76 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The following subthemes were generated under three overarching themes: Social accountability (advocacy for action; giving back to the community; bigger picture—identifying social determinants of health and barriers to healthcare; barriers to social accountability), Empathy (humanise community members—everybody has a story; overcome bias and challenge attitudes, assumptions and stereotypes; cultural competence and sensitivity; empathetic communication and interpersonal skills; feeling sympathy and sadness), and Shaping the future workforce (future professional demeanour; professional interests; interprofessional education and collaboration).ConclusionsCommunity engaged education can help students better understand community needs, social determinants of health, improve empathy and cultural sensitivity, and build advocacy for social justice and change.

Dimensions of Advocacy for Exclusive Breastfeeding Policy in Banda Aceh City

The achievement of exclusive breastfeeding in Banda Aceh City is still categorized as low from the national target. This problem requires efforts to be made by stakeholders, one of which is through advocacy. This study aims to analyze the dimensions of exclusive breastfeeding policy advocacy in Banda Aceh City. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews through open-ended questions. Field observations were conducted in the form of observations of breastfeeding socialization and education activities. Secondary data was collected by reviewing documents relevant to the research. The results found that exclusive breastfeeding policy advocacy activities in Banda Aceh City were not optimal. There is a weakness in the action dimension of advocacy, where stakeholders in the implementation of the breastfeeding program are still running independently. There is no collective action among stakeholders. The collective action of stakeholders in the implementation of the exclusive breastfeeding program is important to produce optimal breastfeeding outcomes. Optimization of exclusive breastfeeding achievements can be obtained if stakeholders collaborate together in a roadmap of breastfeeding programs and activities in Banda Aceh City.

Establishing an Advocacy Activities Scale for Parents of Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Advocacy has long been heralded as a way to create change for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and their families. However, without an established measure, it is difficult to accurately characterize advocacy activities. Drawing from extant research, the Advocacy Activities Scale was developed to assess three domains of parent advocacy: advocacy for one's own children, advocacy for other families, and advocacy for systemic change. Factor analyses were conducted using data from two projects reflecting 382 parents of individuals with IDD from seven states and the District of Columbia. The scale confirmed the three moderately correlated domains of parent advocacy and demonstrated that the scale has high: reliability, validity, test-retest reliability, and moderate correlations with related measures.

‘When you tweet, you get a response’ advocate parent experiences in Turkish special education

Objectives Advocacy, an active coping strategy, includes activities such as collaboration between parents and schools in the education of children, raising awareness about children and parents with disabilities, and legal support. Advocacy activities are considered as coping strategies for families of children with special needs, and families’ experiences regarding this process vary. This study aimed to examine the experiences of parents who play an advocate role in the field of special education. Methods In this study, qualitative research method was preferred to examine the experiences of families. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 parents of children with ASD to determine the experiences of Turkish parents who systematically advocate for special education. The participants of the study mostly consist of mothers. The diagnosis of the parents’ children is autism spectrum disorder and the age range of the children varies between 6-24 years. Results Based on the interview data, four themes emerged: (a) advocacy strategies, (b) problems, (c) expectations, and (d) achievements. The analysis of the experiences of the parents emphasized prominent social media use for advocacy. Conclusions The parents stated that they conducted or contributed to training and awareness activities and that their self-advocacy skills had improved. They argued that they encountered several problems such as burnout, inadequate supplementary education, political problems, and healthcare services, and they could not defend the rights of their children, despaired, and considered migrating to various countries during their advocacy activities.

Non-government advocacy for health equity: evidence from Australia.

The aim of this paper is to identify non-governmental organizations (NGOs) advocating for policy and practices to address rising health inequities in Australia. NGOs can play a critical role in shaping and influencing governance processes including public policy relating to the social and commercial determinants of health inequities. However, scholarship on who the NGOs are that are advocating to address health inequities in Australia and how they operate is sparse. Through desktop analysis in 2022, we searched NGO websites and documents for evidence of advocacy activities related to health inequities between 2017 and 2022. A database of the NGOs was compiled, noting the type of organization, function, advocacy activities and main issues their advocacy covered. A total of 137 NGOs were identified as engaging in activities advocating for change to address health inequities either directly (e.g. advocating directly to address health inequities) or indirectly (e.g. advocating on social determinants of health inequities such as housing and linking to their unequal health impacts). We noted the primary issues they advocated on, including topic categories: risk factor, disease-specific, broader health system, social determinants of health equity, and health workforce and service issues. The results indicate that Australian NGOs from multiple sectors are active in advocacy to address heath inequities on a variety of topics and through a variety of activities. This study provides a template for similar studies in other countries and suggests further research is needed to understand the role and impact of civil society advocacy to address growing health inequities.

The influence of policy advocacy and education on medical staff's adaptation to diagnosis related groups payment reform in China: an analysis of the mediating effect of policy cognition.

In recent years, China has been carrying out the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) payment reform, which has an impact not only on payment methods and medical expenses, but also on the behaviors of medical staff. Some of these behaviors are unexpected by policymakers, such as turning away critically ill patients, disaggregating hospitalization costs, setting up disease groups with higher points, and so on. This phenomenon attracted the attention of some scholars, who put forward a few positive intervention measures, mainly including policy advocacy and system improvement. The scholars believed that the former was more feasible. However, there is a lack of research on the effects and influencing processes of these interventions. Therefore, this study aims to explore the influence of policy advocacy and education on medical staff's adaptation to DRGs payment reform in China and the role of policy cognition in this process, in order to provide experiences for the smooth implementation and sustainable development of DRGs payment system. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 650 medical staff in five large general hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China, to understand their participation and feedback on policy advocacy and education, their adaptation to the current DRGs payment reform, and their cognition of relevant policies. After descriptive statistical analysis, partial correlation analysis, multiple linear regression models and bias correction Bootstrap sampling method were used to analyze the mediating effect of policy cognition factors. All respondents had participated in organized collective policy advocacy and education activities in the past year, but the degree of satisfaction and recognition was not very high. 59.5 percent said their adaptation to the DRGs payment reform was average. Nearly half did not regularly pay attention to and participate in the management of the medical costs of patients with DRGs through compliance. And they had a low understanding of the specific rules of DRGs payment and did not form a high policy identity. The mediating effect values of policy cognition were 0.148, 0.152, 0.108, and 0.057, respectively, when the frequency and quality of policy advocacy and education influenced medical staff's adaptive perception and adaptive behaviors. The organized collective policy advocacy and education can promote medical staff's adaptation to DRGs payment reform by improving their policy cognition, and the action paths are diverse. Policymakers and hospital managers need pay attention to this phenomenon, and formulate demand-centered, value-oriented whole-process advocacy and education strategies while constantly improving the DRGs payment system. All of these provided a basis for further research and practice of positive intervention in DRGs payment reform.

The Influence of Tiken Jah Fakoly’s Reggae Music in Post-independence Côte d’Ivoire

Tiken Jah Fakoly, a prominent Ivoirian reggae artist, has played an important role in the social and political development of post-independence Côte d’Ivoire. This paper explores the impact and influence of Tiken Jah Fakoly’s music on the socio-political dynamics of the country, especially as these relate to national unity, political awareness, and social movements. To assess Fakoly’s influence on the social fabric of Côte d’Ivoire, we administered a questionnaire-based survey to a diverse sample of participants. The questions included information on demographics, music consumption habits, familiarity with Fakoly’s music, perceptions of his recordings, his influence of their sense of identity, and their impressions of the impact his music has on social and political issues. The results show that Tiken Jah Fakoly’s music has had a significant effect on the attitudes of Ivoirians and has helped shape the unique character of Ivorian reggae. His music has fostered a sense of unity and solidarity among Ivorians, and it has inspired numerous individuals to take part in advocacy and activism-related activities. The outcomes of this research have broad implications for the role African music plays in nation-building processes, in the creation of a sense of cultural identity, and in the capacity to motivate political and social movements.

Ukrainians Abroad in the System of Ukraine’s Public Diplomacy

This article explores the application of public diplomacy tools in light of new challenges and threats, and substantiates the role of Ukrainians abroad (Ukrainians residing beyond the borders of the State) as one of its key actors. It analyzes fundamental state documents related to the development of public diplomacy. The article outlines the main objectives, mechanisms, and tools of the current model of Ukraine's public diplomacy. It concludes that the normative-legal framework needs adaptation to modern challenges and threats, and state documents require appropriate changes and additions. Based on recent international rankings, the article highlights the primary challenges Ukraine is facing today and discusses how the foreign Ukrainian community can contribute to addressing them. It outlines the critical areas where Ukrainians living abroad can engage in public diplomacy. The article concludes that the full-scale Russian invasion necessitates a shift in the priorities of public diplomacy from branding to political advocacy. The advocacy activities of Ukrainian organizations abroad, particularly those established after the full-scale Russian invasion, are analyzed. The article stresses the significance of unity and solidarity among all waves of the Ukrainian diaspora and the Ukrainians abroad as a whole, especially the newly arrived, predominantly young and highly educated Ukrainians who quickly integrate into the societies of their host countries and can subsequently actively promote Ukrainian interests at various levels. The article emphasizes that Ukrainians abroad have the potential to become a key actor in the implementation of Ukraine's public diplomacy and proposes specific mechanisms and measures of state policy in this direction.

Forced Returns and Fragile Lives: Strategies for Safeguarding Syrian Refugees and Ensuring Their Protection

Abstract The article discusses the deportation of Syrian refugees from Lebanon and Turkey between 2017 and 2024. It attempts to bring light on the experiences of these refugees facing forced returns, emphasising the human consequences and complicated causes underlying such actions. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness about the deportation of Syrian refugees and the urgent need for collective action to address this humanitarian disaster and preserve the lives of vulnerable individuals affected by forced repatriation. Using the descriptive analytical approach, this article investigates the legislative frameworks and international commitments that should safeguard refugees from forced repatriation. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (udhr), The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol and rules of International Humanitarian Law will be used as a standard for the definition and legal framework of refugee’s rights. The article dives into the obstacles that host countries confront, including as social, economic, and political pressures. It also emphasises the necessity of advocacy activities and protective measures to defend Syrian refugees’ rights and well-being. The findings of the article are expected to benefit Syrian refugees and raise awareness about their situation, which will contribute preserve their lives and well-being.

2.C. Round table: A Pandemic Treaty to deliver global health equity: negotiating under a ticking clock

Abstract Access to medical countermeasures (vaccines, therapeutics, diagnostics), fair resource allocation and a global health framework to counter future pandemics are to be provided for by the Pandemic Treaty, intensely debated in the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB) over the past two years. The final negotiations round began under tremendous pressure (Apr 29, 2024), with dissonance on structural treaty elements and a ticking clock to finalise the text at the World Health Assembly (end of May 2024). At a time of shifting geopolitical powers, in a year of elections across the world, war in Europe and rising defence expenditure, countries are reluctant to commit; the draft postpones key decisions, proposing to establish two intergovernmental working groups for instruments on One Health and prevention, and on a Pathogen Access and Benefits (PABS), with technology transfer and capacity-building remain largely unaddressed, despite COVID-19 lessons. With EU and G7 countries holding to their positions on surveillance, financing, and intellectual property (IP), negotiations will continue. A more critical question remains: will the Treaty’s be adequate and timely enough to meet the challenges of inevitable future pandemics? Will it deliver the global framework of its foundational purpose of equity and justice? This RT aims to inform and involve the European public health community, continuing the series of activities embarked upon at the beginning of the pandemic, empowering its members for evidence-informed advocacy and concerted action. Following a brief presentation on the Treaty’s key provisions, each panel member will deliver a brief (2-3 min) intervention based on core expertise, with two rounds of panel questions/statements to follow, and with an interactive element to prioritise and submit questions. The first elaborating on the current provisions, linking them to the key expertise of panel members, i.e., international and EU law, public health law, One Health and infectious disease control, global health policies, technology transfer, fair pricing and access to countermeasures. The second examining what can be achieved via evidence-informed advocacy, and with a special focus on the role of the European public health community. Has it been well represented so far in negotiations? Should it be more involved? Is it well equipped to provide expert advice to Europe’s policymakers? Is there complementarity in relation to Europe’s Global Health Strategy (GHS) and national global health plans? Finally, the role of WHO will be briefly debated. How can sovereignty be safeguarded without compromising implementation? What is the role of transparency and sound governance to remain in line with national and EU laws and priorities? The last five minutes of this RT will be used to consolidate messages and share plans to inform future formal EUPHA positioning in negotiations. Key messages • Pandemic accord deliberation has have taken place under extreme urgency and geopolitical pressure. The European public health community must be informed and engaged for EU and country-level advocacy. • At a time of permacrisis, the adoption of a global framework for fair resouce allocation, access to medical countermeasures,and to strengthen health systems for future pandemics is urgently needed. Speakers/Panelists Sujitha Subramanian University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Dimitra Lingri European Healthcare Fraud and Corruption Network, Brussels, Belgium Debjani Muller HTAi, Edmonton, Canada Ricardo Mexia National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal Bettina Borisch WFPHA, Geneva, Switzerland

Resident Unions: Why Now and Will They Change Medical Education and Health Care?

During the COVID-19 pandemic, resident unions proliferated. While unionization resulted in increased compensation and benefits, the process of union negotiations may have created adversarial relationships between residents and their institutions' leadership, who residents depend on for supervision and the development of clinical expertise. Such adversarial relationships could affect the learning environment, which is critical to the delivery of high-quality care. In this commentary, the authors suggest that academic medical centers should offer residents an authentic seat at the institutional care delivery leadership table, ensuring residents' full participation in key organizational decisions. Doing so represents an alternative to unionization, with its potentially adversarial relationships, while still achieving a key goal of residents-to be included in the decisions that affect them and the care they provide. In this way, residents can use their unique understanding of the institutions' strengths and weaknesses to improve the quality of patient care and the learning environment. Such engagement can also help residents achieve competence in systems-based practice and provide a vital link between institutions and the patients and community they serve through health policy and advocacy activities.

Sexual health after myocardial infarction: from an overlooked stigma to a professional advocacy action.

Sexual health after myocardial infarction: from an overlooked stigma to a professional advocacy action.

The international education association of Australia’s first 20 years: strengthening public diplomacy and social licence through professional development, advocacy and research

PurposeThe article examines the ways in which professional associations representing those working in international education are able to shape national systems and thereby change the ways in which the country engages internationally. This is particularly significant for Australia, which has one of the world’s most internationalised higher education systems.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a case study of the International Education Association of Australia, which since 2004 has played a central role in shaping international education policy and practice. It provides an insider account of three authors who have held senior roles in the Association, drawing on first-hand knowledge of institutional history.FindingsThe case study illustrates the ways in which the Association’s professional development, research and policy advocacy activities have helped to broaden Australia’s engagement in international education from a narrow commercial focus. The resulting deeper engagement with a broad range of issues associated with international engagement, including student welfare, outbound mobility, curriculum, migration and transnational education, has transformed policy and practice in Australia.Originality/valueAlthough international education is coming to play an increasingly significant role in many systems, little has been written about the role of professional bodies in influencing the character and quality of international engagement. This paper makes a valuable contribution by demonstrating the practical measures that can be employed by international education professional bodies to strengthen public diplomacy and the social licence for global engagement.

SPECIAL LEGAL CAPACITY OF LAWYERS: LAWYER, NOTARY AND EXECUTOR

The research object of this paper is the special legal capacity of lawyers, specifically, the special legal capacity for the performance of advocacy activities, regulated by the Law of Advocacy, the special legal capacity for providing notarial services, according to the Law on notaries, and the special legal capacity of the executors, according to the Law on Enforcement. Full legal capacity is the abstract possibility of physical and legal persons to be the provider of rights and obligations. All physical persons have full legal capacity, however, some physical persons, because they fulfill special properties, acquire special legal capacity. The research in this paper has two mail purposes. The first intention is to analyze two assumptions necessary for achieving the special legal skills: 1. professional technical conditions requirements that must be completed by the natural person to operate the professional activities and 2. providing the authorization by the government. The second goal is to show the specifics of the three types of professional activities, notion, acquire, cease and termination. The project will analyze more closely the termination of the special legal capacity because of the loss of one from the two-expectations necessary for its acquisition (obtaining a lawyer's license, terminating the notary or the executor).

Advocacy in Action

Advocacy in Action

What Makes Bureaucracies Politically Resilient? Evidence from Brazil’s Covid‐19 Vaccination Campaign

This article sheds new light on the drivers of bureaucratic resilience in the face of presidential attacks, an understudied but politically salient topic. Scholars have long shown how political advocacy can protect bureaucracies from presidential attacks on policy regulation. We argue, however, that advocacy is insufficient to defend bureaucracies against attacks on policy implementation, which occurs largely outside the formal political arena. Through a case study of Brazil’s successful Covid‐19 vaccination campaign, we call attention to two additional forms of support for agencies under attack–resource provision and social activism–that come into play during the implementation phase of policy. In conjunction with political advocacy, resource provision and social activism bolster bureaucracies under attack by filling in where other forms of support fall short.

"It's just getting the word out there": Self-disclosure by people with young-onset dementia.

Sharing a dementia diagnosis with others is a prerequisite to accessing important support for social, cognitive, and physical activity. However, due to the stigma associated with dementia, individuals may be hesitant to disclose their diagnosis. Despite the importance of this issue, there is limited research on personal experiences with sharing one's diagnosis. This study explored how people with young-onset dementia disclose their diagnosis to other people, also known as self-disclosure, and how time affects self-disclosure. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews with nine people with young-onset dementia living in the United Kingdom (UK). A narrative approach to analysis was applied, focusing on understanding the core narratives, themes, tone, and imagery of each participant's narratives as well as providing a cross-case analysis to identify patterns across narratives. Participants openly disclosed their diagnosis, accepting it as an illness that did not define their identity. Several were met with stigmatizing reactions, which affected their levels of openness, and a lack of understanding, which caused shrinking social networks for some. Peer support groups, advocacy activities, and strategic concealment were used to support self-disclosure. This study provides a holistic understanding of people with young-onset dementia's experiences with self-disclosure and how these evolved. Policies should prioritize the creation of dementia-friendly communities, while recommendations for practice include integrating empowerment interventions and peer support into post-diagnostic support. These efforts will support individuals in their self-disclosure journey, promote social engagement and reduce stigma.

Patient Advocacy in Nursing: An Integrative Literature Review

Background: Despite the crucial role of advocacy in nursing, a comprehensive understanding of its activities and their patient outcomes is lacking. Purpose: This integrative review aimed to comprehensively examine the influences of nursing advocacy, nursing activities, and their patient outcomes. Methods: An integrative review was conducted following the methods by Whittemore and Knafl (2005). Electronic databases were searched from 2000 to 2024. Studies were included if they reported patient outcomes related to nursing advocacy and involved research from med-surgical nurses or patients. Findings: Ten studies were selected and reviewed, conducted in diverse countries with various research designs, including six qualitative studies, three concept analyses, one content analysis, and one cross-sectional study. Several articles reported patient outcomes aligning with core advocacy attributes. Factors influencing nurse advocacy included nurses’ characteristics such as education, experience, autonomy, and organizational support. Advocacy activities involved ensuring patient safety, providing information, supporting decision-making, and facilitating communication. These efforts led to positive patient outcomes such as improved satisfaction, quality of life, stress reduction, and enhanced safety. Conclusion: Enhancing nurses’ advocacy competencies and creating supportive organizational environments are crucial for improving patient advocacy. Further studies with robust designs are needed to produce empirically-derived research on patient outcomes related to nursing advocacy. Future research should investigate the differential effects of advocacy attributes on patient outcomes and provide empirical evidence on the long-term impact of nurse advocacy.

Performing Ocular Examinations as A Component of Self-Care For Individuals with Leprosy with The Aim of Eradicating Social Stigma and Prejudice

Leprosy is still a health problem in several countries, including Indonesia. Disability due to leprosy is a health threat for sufferers and causes quality-of-life problems that can disrupt the productivity of leprosy patients. Ocular involvement in leprosy is joint, but little data has been reported. Apart from multi-drug treatment (MDT), leprosy sufferers must also be able to carry out continuous self-care to prevent further disability. This is a collaborative activity between the Department of Ophthalmology and Dermatology Venereology of the Faculty of Medicine, the University of Andalas in Puskesmas Pauh Kamba district of Padang Pariaman. This is an advocacy activity on self-care (3M: Seeing, Examining, and Protecting) and eye examination. The activity was followed by interactive discussions and continued with a direct examination for skin abnormalities and disabilities, eye examination, and fundoscope. The activity results were obtained from 24 respondents, 11 men and 13 women. The age range is 16-59 years (67%), with the highest level of education being Elementry School graduates, which is 11 people (46%). In the self-care questionnaire of patients, 40% behaved well, and the results of eye examinations almost suffered from dry eye complaints without disabilities.

Sport for development and policy advocacy: Mapping the field

Introduction and Purpose Sport for development (SFD) has emerged as an increasingly prominent field in Europe and beyond. Defined as the intentional use of sport to support social development, the SFD movement focuses on a broad range of goals such as social cohesion, peacebuilding, gender equality and more. To support these goals, organisations within SFD usually focus on bringing diverse individuals together and exploiting sport’s interactive nature to foster experiential learning (Moustakas, 2024). This approach has however often been criticized as it tends to focus too strongly on the individual level, and therefore fails to account for or challenge socio-political realities that influence participant outcomes. In turn this means that SFD programmes risk generating limited, unsustainable outcomes as they seek to achieve broad gauge outcomes through limited focus programmes (Coalter, 2010). To address this, a growing number of scholars have suggested that SFD organisations must become involved in policy advocacy (Sanders, 2016). Understood as support of a particular policy or class of policies, policy advocacy allows SFD organisations to advocate for issues of relevance to participants and communities. Through this, programmes can influence the broader socio-political environment, or at least foster alignment between programme goals and this environment, which in turn can help support the sustainable, long-term impact of their programmes. Against this background, this study seeks to map out current practice, challenges and needs related to policy advocacy in the SFD sector. Method A survey was developed the consortium associated with the Erasmus+ project Policy Advocacy for Sport and Society (PASS). The goal of this survey was to understand how SFD organisations engage in policy advocacy, how they view relationships with policymakers, and what kind of resources they would like to support future policy advocacy activities. The survey was collaboratively designed by the consortium, and questions mapping policy advocacy activities were based on the conceptual framework from Gen and Wright (2013). The survey was distributed via a purposive sampling approach, whereby SFD organisations associated with professional networks in the field were targeted via e-mail and social media. Afterwards, given the primarily mapping function of the survey, results were descriptively analysed and graphically portrayed. Results Preliminary analysis shows that most SFD organisations engage with policymakers, especially at the municipal level (ca. 65%) or within national sport organisations (ca. 60%). Awareness raising activities or campaigns are the most common advocacy activities (ca. 70%), along with networking with policymakers (ca. 40%). However, relationships remain strained, with around 10-35% of organisations reporting difficult relationships with different policy stakeholders. Lack of resources (ca. 70%) and expertise (ca. 55%) are seen as the main obstacles to further advocacy, and organisations report that they would benefit from examples, templates, strategies, and learning offers. Discussion and Conclusion These results show reasonably widespread policy advocacy activities in the field, but activities remain limited to various forms of awareness raising or campaigning. Likewise, relationships with decision-makers often remain strained. This suggests that further work could unearth the complexities of these relationships, while applied projects could support by developing tools and learning materials. References Coalter, F. (2010). The politics of sport-for-development: Limited focus programmes and broad gauge problems? International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 45(3), 295–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690210366791 Gen, S., & Wright, A. C. (2013). Policy advocacy organizations: A framework linking theory and practice. Journal of Policy Practice, 12(3), 163–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/15588742.2013.795477 Moustakas, L. (2024). Sport for social cohesion: A conceptual framework linking common practices and theory. Sport in Society, 27(10), 1549–1567. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2024.2304231 Sanders, B. (2016). An own goal in sport for development: Time to change the playing field. Journal of Sport for Development, 4(6), 1-5.