Adverse Effects Of Global Warming Research Articles

Fulani herder-farmer identity conflict in West Africa with a particular focus on security implications for Nigeria

ABSTRACT In recent years, the Nigerian populace has been affected by the menace of Fulani herder-farmer clashes. Conflict between Fulani herder and farmers which poses far reaching consequences in almost all geopolitical zones of the country has been attributed to weak security institutions and architecture, vast ungoverned spaces, ethnic cleansing tendencies, illegal migration, the search for pastures to mitigate adverse effect of global warming and climate change. While existing arguments on the causes and implications of Fulani herder and farmers remain valid, I contend, using the conceptual-theoretical nexus framework and drawing from secondary source of data that dealing with these factors are exiguous without dealing with the root cause (identity conflict) of the menace. The study argues that the psycho-social disposition, beliefs and stereotypes instigate Fulani herder-farmer clashes to the extent of threatening Nigeria’s nationhood. The study also affirms that the phenomenon of identity conflict is a long-term neglected social issue of discrimination and structural exclusion of the Fulani group from benefiting from the commonwealth of natural resources based on the locomotive nature of their traditional occupation. It is therefore concluded that identity conflict though the root cause of the Fulani herder-farmer conflicts is more for economic survival than ethnic affiliation.

A case study of the impact of carbon emissions and inflation on nonlinear dense neutrosophic fuzzy inventory system of varying demand with delayed deterioration

In a comprehensive consensus, human should reduce the carbon emission on the way to reduce the adverse effect of global warming. Manufacturing firms contributes significant amount of carbon emissions in the environment. In many countries, regulatory authorities are taking actions to reduce emissions. Thus, in this paper we have analysed the effect of carbon emissionfor non-instantaneous deteriorating items having advertisement and price dependent demand. The paper also focused on the effect of inflation where shortages are partially backlogged and partially lost in sales. In this paper a new concept of non-linear triangular dense neutrosophic number with its basic properties are developed. Further the classifications of symmetry, asymmetry is introduced and thereafter De-neutrosophication technique has been applied for crispification. Since the effect of some parameters like carbon emissions, advertising, and inflation are uncertain so we have considered it in this new aforesaid form to grab the uncertain characters of the underlying parameters. The classification of the uncertain parameter based on the symmetric and asymmetric nature and linear-nonlinear nature of triangular dense neutrosophic number have been also investigated here. Additionally, the effect of the model is examined under different situations for both linear and non-linear triangular dense fuzzy, dense intuitionistic, dense neutrosophic. Finally, a numerical example is considered to illustrate the model and it is observed that the model is optimum when the parameters are considered in Asymmetric Convex Non-Linear number for shorter replenishment cycle. Also, comparative study has been done by performing sensitivity analysis through the case study and provides managerial insight into this outcome.

Grass cover and shallow tillage inter-row soil cultivation affecting CO2 and N2O emissions in a sloping vineyard in upland Balaton, Hungary

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can accelerate the current climate change trend, resulting in higher soil temperatures and changes in soil water contents. The aim of the study was to investigate to what extent different cultivation methods and sampling positions on the slope (location along the slope) are affecting soil GHG emissions in vineyards. In the study, different inter-row soil cultivation methods were investigated including shallow soil tillage (ST) and grass cover (GC) inter-rows. Intact soil columns were collected and different soil water contents were applied under a laboratory environment to simulate different precipitation conditions. Our findings showed significant differences in the emitted CO2 and N2O between the cultivation methods, where the GC soil had 2.9 times higher average CO2 and 6.1 times higher N2O emissions compared to the bare, ST soil. The amount of initial and longer term soil water content significantly influenced soil-derived GHG emissions, with the highest averaged values observed for the continuously high water content soil samples (0.377 mgCO2 m−2 s−1 and 0.076 μgN2O m−2 s−1). For the GC inter-rows, we also observed significant differences in the GHG emissions among the different sampling positions of the investigated slopes. We found that besides the different soil water contents, the main causes for these differences could be the variances in the soil physical and chemical properties. The findings of this study can be used to better estimate soil GHG emissions at various water contents, for different inter-row soil management cultivation methods, and potentially mitigate some adverse effects of global warming by reducing the amount of GHG released into the atmosphere.

Maximizing the potential of commercial zinc stearate for one-pot esterification and transesterification for high-acidity biodiesel production

Meeting the growing demand for energy while combating the adverse effects of global warming remains challenging today, and biodiesel offers a potential solution to help mitigate the impact of global warming. In this scenario, our primary goal was to optimize biodiesel production from highly acidic soybean oil using a one-pot esterification and transesterification process, addressing the challenges associated with high-acidity substrates. To start, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) guaranteed us just one phase for each commercial catalyst, and we conducted catalytic experiments to select the most suitable Zn-based material for the process, choosing zinc stearate (ZnSt2) as the best candidate. Our study demonstrated that a nano-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) catalyst, which was anticipated to be the most suitable choice, did not exhibit optimal performance. Subsequently, a Full Factorial Design of Experiments (DOE) was employed to optimize reaction parameters, specifically, the reaction temperature and the oil-to-methanol (O:M) molar ratio. The results consistently showed that increased O:M ratio and temperature promoted enhanced fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) production and reduced acidity. Then, experiments were conducted to maximize FAME production and minimize free fatty acid (FFA) content. The results showed that increasing the catalyst concentration from 5 wt% to 10 wt% did not significantly impact FAME production or acidity reduction. Also, while increased methanol should theoretically enhance FAME production and reduce acidity, the results were inconsistent across all experiments. Excess methanol interfered with glycerol separation, leading to decreased FAME yield. Thus, this study underscores the complexity of biodiesel production and highlights the importance of selecting suitable catalysts and optimizing process parameters.

Two-Warehouse Economic Order Quantity Model with Controllable Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Nowadays, people from across the globe are very much concerned about the adverse effects of global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions. To control the effects of these emissions, almost all countries are investing in projects that address the adverse effects of emissions. Again, to avoid the limited capacity of the available warehouse, many retailers include a second warehouse, preferably for rent, under the assumption of the limitless capacity of the rented one. This work considers a two-warehouse deteriorating inventory model for a time-dependent demand function with an optimum investment in green technology (GT) to control the emission due to transportation considering shortages caused by partial backlogging. The solution to the model problem is carried out to find the optimum cycle length and minimum total cost by taking an appropriate numerical example, and graphical explanations are mentioned for the model problem. Again, for validation purposes, sensitivity analysis is provided concerning some parameters that have significant impacts on the different objectives of the model. MATLAB software carries out all the numerical computations, and finally, it concludes with conclusions and scope for future research.

Determination Of Variables Endangering Ecological Living By Application Of Data–Mining Models: In Case Of Turkish Geography

The concept of ecological balance refers to the state in which various organisms coexist harmoniously within a given ecosystem. In recent times, there have been significant environmental challenges that pose a threat to the global ecosystem. It has come to attention that Turkey is experiencing adverse effects of global warming, particularly in the form of water scarcity and temperature fluctuations. Moreover, Turkey is categorized as one of the nations at risk in terms of the detrimental impacts of global warming on the environment. In light of this, the objective of this study is to employ multiple regression analysis and time series analysis to identify the variables that have a negative influence on ecological life in Turkey during the period spanning from 1960 to 2020. The findings of the regression analysis suggest that there is insufficient statistical evidence to support the notion that industrial waste and construction activities have a significant impact on carbon emissions in Turkey. Furthermore, in Turkey, various factors such as population expansion, energy consumption, electricity usage, income levels, reliance on fuel-powered cars, lack of education, energy production, and gas emissions have been identified as having a negative impact on the environment.

Tailoring Parallel Channel Flow Fields for Efficient Mass Transport and Compression in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

The adverse effects of global warming have made it critical to transition our reliance on fossil fuels to more sustainable energy sources. Renewable energy can be stored in the form of hydrogen to continuously produce clean energy using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. However, to accelerate commercialization, especially in heavy-duty applications, the performance and durability of the fuel cell needs to be improved. Particularly, PEM fuel cell performance is strongly dependent on the flow fields which should be designed to optimize the transport of reactants and byproducts while maintaining uniform compression of the fuel cell materials. An important flow field design parameter is the channel aspect ratio (channel width by height) which directly influences compression and the transport of reactants and products. Although novel flow field configurations have been studied previously, an investigation on the effects of channel aspect ratio on cell performance using electrochemical testing and operando X-ray imaging has yet to be performed. In this study, we compared the water saturation and electrochemical performance across varying flow field channel aspect ratios from 0.5-2.0 with a fixed active area. The ohmic and mass transport resistances were quantified using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Operando X-ray imaging was performed to spatially resolve water saturation under the land and channel regions of the flow fields. We observed that lower channel aspect ratios (or higher number of channels for the given active area) led to lower ohmic resistances but resulted in significant water saturation at higher current densities due to ineffective water removal from the smaller channels. Notably, from these results we elucidated that there exists an ideal channel to rib width ratio to facilitate an effective balance of enhanced water removal using the channels and contact between the porous microstructures under the lands of the flow fields.

Evaluation of the environmental impact of HCNG light-duty vehicles in the 2020–2050 transition towards the hydrogen economy

As the world intensifies its efforts to reduce the adverse effects of global warming, the shift towards a fully developed hydrogen-based economy is emerging as a core strategy. This transition involves the strategic blending of hydrogen with conventional fossil fuels such as natural gas (HCNG), allowing for adaptation to hydrogen availability. Nevertheless, the environmental impact of HCNG vehicles in realistic scenarios with variable hydrogen content remains unexplored. This study focuses on evaluating the global warming impact of the transition of light-duty passenger cars from CNG to H2 vehicles using HCNG blends from 2020 to 2050 and different realistic scenarios. The results in the present study were obtained through a combination of an experimental testing campaign that allowed obtaining how the performance and emissions of HCNG vehicles change with the H2 content and a life cycle assessment methodology. Based on the findings, the scenario in which hydrogen was mostly produced from SMR-dominant, was found to have the potential to reach and outperform the zero-emission concept due to the utilization of biogas. From the results of this study, the recommended H2 content in HCNG blends that offers low environmental impact while avoiding the overdemand of hydrogen in the short term for the 2020–2030 decade is 25% H2 content, increasing to 50% by 2030, and to 75%–100% during the 2040–2050 decade, thus reaching the transition towards pure-H2 technology that minimizes environmental impact.

Biocatalyst enhanced biogas production from food and fruit waste through anaerobic digestion

In recent years, the world has faced the adverse effects of global warming and waste management issues. Food waste is one of the major constituents of solid waste. Currently, the world is in the throes of finding an alternative source of fossil fuels, which could lower the energy demand and bring about a pollution-free environment. The stability of anaerobic digestion is significantly influenced by trace elements (TE), which are micronutrients for microbes. Experimental measurements were made of the effects of trace metals (cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), magnetite (Fe2+Fe3+2O4) and biochar) on mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste. The study's major significance is identifying the potential catalyst for the anaerobic digestion system and achieving the best production efficiency. Adding micronutrients increased biogas generation, but it was hampered by the excessive addition of trace metalsthe excessive addition of trace metals hampered it. More biogas was produced when Co was added. We have achieved 42% of methane production with 28 days of hydraulic retention time. The findings can provide quantitative data on the replenishment of trace metals for efficient anaerobic digestion. This work presents novel information about the trace elements and their enhancement inside the biodigester for kitchen and fruit wastes.

Comparison of UKESM1 and CESM2 simulations using the same multi-target stratospheric aerosol injection strategy

Abstract. Solar climate intervention using stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) has been proposed as a method which could offset some of the adverse effects of global warming. The Assessing Responses and Impacts of Solar climate intervention on the Earth system with Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (ARISE-SAI) set of simulations is based on a moderate-greenhouse-gas-emission scenario and employs injection of sulfur dioxide at four off-equatorial locations using a control algorithm which maintains the global-mean surface temperature at 1.5 K above pre-industrial conditions (ARISE-SAI-1.5), as well as the latitudinal gradient and inter-hemispheric difference in surface temperature. This is the first comparison between two models (CESM2 and UKESM1) applying the same multi-target SAI strategy. CESM2 is successful in reaching its temperature targets, but UKESM1 has considerable residual Arctic warming. This occurs because the pattern of temperature change in a climate with SAI is determined by both the structure of the climate forcing (mainly greenhouse gases and stratospheric aerosols) and the climate models' feedbacks, the latter of which favour a strong Arctic amplification of warming in UKESM1. Therefore, research constraining the level of future Arctic warming would also inform any hypothetical SAI deployment strategy which aims to maintain the inter-hemispheric and Equator-to-pole near-surface temperature differences. Furthermore, despite broad agreement in the precipitation response in the extratropics, precipitation changes over tropical land show important inter-model differences, even under greenhouse gas forcing only. In general, this ensemble comparison is the first step in comparing policy-relevant scenarios of SAI and will help in the design of an experimental protocol which both reduces some known negative side effects of SAI and is simple enough to encourage more climate models to participate.

Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics and Influencing Factors in the Zoige Alpine Wetland from the 1980s to 2020 Based on a Random Forest Model

Wetlands provide important ecosystem services, such as water conservation, biodiversity protection, and carbon sequestration. The Zoige alpine wetland is the largest high-altitude swamp in the world and plays a critical role in regional ecological balance and climate change. However, little is known about the fate of its soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. In this study, we estimated the degradation status of the wetland over the past 35 years and used machine learning to investigate the dynamics and driving factors of SOC at different soil depths of the Zoige wetland in 1985, 2000, and 2020. We also simulated the future SOC balance under different scenarios. The results showed that the area of Zoige wetland has degraded by 378.71 km2 in the past 35 years. Increased precipitation and solar radiation offset the adverse effects of global warming, making the soil act as a carbon sink in the past 35 years. The total SOC storage of the wetland soils in 1985, 2000, and 2020 was estimated to be 2.03 Pg, 2.05 Pg, and 2.21 Pg, respectively, with 46.95% of SOC distributed in the subsoil layers. Climate change was the most important driving factor controlling the SOC storage of the Zoige wetland, explaining 51.33% of the SOC changes in the soil. Temperature change was always the most important factor controlling wetland SOC, and precipitation had a greater impact on the topsoil. Under the temperature control targets of 1.5 °C and 2 °C, the SOC pool of the Zoige wetland will decrease by 60.21 Tg C and 69.19 Tg C, respectively. Under scenarios of a 10% and 20% increase in precipitation, the wetland soil will accumulate an additional 46.53 Tg C and 118.89 Tg C, respectively. The study results provide important references for the sustainable management of the Zoige wetland under the background of global climate change.

Heat Stress as a Barrier to Successful Reproduction and Potential Alleviation Strategies in Cattle.

In recent decades, the adverse effects of global warming on all living beings have been unanimously recognized across the world. A high environmental temperature that increases the respiration and rectal temperature of cattle is called heat stress (HS), and it can affect both male and female reproductive functions. For successful reproduction and fertilization, mature and healthy oocytes are crucial; however, HS reduces the developmental competence of oocytes, which compromises reproduction. HS disturbs the hormonal balance that plays a crucial role in successful reproduction, particularly in reducing the luteinizing hormone and progesterone levels, which leads to severe problems such as poor follicle development with a poor-quality oocyte and problems related to maturity, silent estrus, abnormal or weak embryo development, and pregnancy loss, resulting in a declining reproduction rate and losses for the cattle industry. Lactating cattle are particularly susceptible to HS and, hence, their reproduction rate is substantially reduced. Additionally, bulls are also affected by HS; during summer, semen quality and sperm motility decline, leading to compromised reproduction. In summer, the conception rate is reduced by 20-30% worldwide. Although various techniques, such as the provision of water sprinklers, shade, and air conditioning, are used during summer, these methods are insufficient to recover the normal reproduction rate and, therefore, special attention is needed to improve reproductive efficiency and minimize the detrimental effect of HS on cattle during summer. The application of advanced reproductive technologies such as the production of embryos in vitro, cryopreservation during the hot season, embryo transfer, and timed artificial insemination may minimize the detrimental effects of HS on livestock reproduction and recover the losses in the cattle industry.

A new look at environmental sustainability from the lens of green policies, eco-digitalization, affluence, and urbanization: Empirical insights from BRICS economies

The unwavering adverse effects of global warming continue to threaten the sustainability of the ecosystem and peaceful human coexistence. Efforts to resolve this ecological matter promulgate the interest in green policies, which the extant studies are yet to explore fully. Consequently, this study provides the first empirical evidence on the roles of green policies vectoring, green energy, green finance, and green innovation amidst eco-digitalization and urbanization on environmental sustainability captured by CO2 emissions, ecological footprint, and PM2.5 air pollutions in BRICS countries from 1995 to 2019. The study relies on the STIRPAT framework alongside second-generation estimators in providing the empirical evidence. Findings indicate that green energy, green finance, green innovation, and eco-digitalization promote environmental sustainability by reducing CO2 emissions, ecological footprint, and PM2.5 air pollutions. Conversely, urbanization and affluence deter environmental sustainability due to their inducing effects the highlighted pollutants. The distributional analysis based on quantile regression and country-level estimation based on fully modified ordinary least squares technique accentuates the empirical regularity of the main findings. Besides, the Granger causality reveals the presence of bidirectional and unidirectional causality relationships in the estimated model. Based on the findings, feasible policies that enhance sustainability of the BRICS environment are formulated.

A Comprehensive Review on Development and Applications of Cross-Flow Wind Turbines

The rapid globalization of the energy crisis and the adverse effects of global warming have caused the need for non-conventional energy resources to be felt more than ever. As a result of this, vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) have received much attention over the recent decades, and have thus been more developed and used worldwide. The cross-flow wind turbine (CFWT) is a wind turbine in the category of VAWTs, and perfectly suitable for urban applications due to its simplicity, high starting torque at low wind speed, and self-starting capability, even though its low power coefficient as its main drawback has slowed down its widespread use so far. The main aim of this paper is to review the scientific literature and recent developments in the field of CFWTs. The governing equations and turbulence models for the simulation of the turbine are discussed and various wind resource assessment methods for estimating potential site locations, different aspects, and wind energy harvesting systems from buildings are debated. The research gaps, challenges, and future possible works on such turbines and their applications are discussed. Investigations indicate that changing the rotor geometric parameters and adding innovative augmentation devices have been the most widely addressed approaches for making performance enhancement of the wind turbine in the literature. The critical performance-affecting parameters are improved by various innovative designs of the turbine structure or blades, as well as several augmentation techniques, such as guide nozzle, casing, windshield, guide vane, deflector, cowling, etc.

Portfolio Analysis of Clean Energy Vehicles in Japan Considering Copper Recycling

Several countries are moving toward carbon neutrality to mitigate climate change. The introduction of clean energy vehicles (CEVs) is a measure to offset the adverse effects of global warming. However, each CEV has its strengths and weaknesses. An optimal CEV portfolio must be formulated to create effective policies that promote innovative technologies and introduce them into the market. CEVs also consume more copper than gasoline vehicles. Copper is associated with supply risks, which most previous conventional studies have failed to address. Therefore, this study proposes a novel CEV optimization model for sustainable consumption of copper resources through recycling along with reduction of CO2 emissions. This study aims to analyze the optimal portfolio for domestic passenger vehicles and the assumed effects of copper recycling and usage reduction. For this analysis, this study set up scenarios for the recycling rate of copper contained in end-of-life vehicles and the reduction rate of copper used in newly sold vehicles. Our simulation results showed that increased recycling rates and reduced use of copper are necessary for the diffusion of battery electric vehicles. Furthermore, the simulation results indicated that if these improvements are not implemented, the deployment of fuel cell vehicles needs to be accelerated.

A Study on the Impact of Digital Economy on CO2 Emissions in China: A Mediation Effect Analysis Based on Urbanization

Environmental change is driven by many factors, including economic development and technological progress. As the adverse effects of global warming become more pronounced, environmental issues have received widespread attention, and in recent years China has vigorously promoted ecological civilization to combat climate change while promoting urbanization. As CO₂ levels are intimately related to climate change, Chinese President has put up a variety of proposals to reach the aim of "Carbon Peak Carbon Neutralization." In order to contribute to the country's "double carbon" goal, this article uses data between the years of 2012 and 2021 from 30 Chinese provinces and cities to evaluate the impact of the expansion of the digital economy on emissions via urbanization. A mediation effects model is the foundation of the analysis. According to this study, urbanization and CO₂ emissions are both highly influenced driven by the growing digital economy and the urbanization process, respectively. Based on these findings, this paper suggests that in order to achieve the objectives of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking, it is imperative to vigorously develop green digital economy infrastructure, intensify CO₂ emission regulation, and effectively slow down the growth rate of the high-carbon economy.

Energetic and entropy analysis of a novel transcritical CO2 two-stage compression/ejector refrigeration cycle for shipboard cold chamber

The adverse effects of global warming and climate change require critical measures for marine refrigeration technology because of its impact on GHG emissions. A novel transcritical CO2 two-stage compression/ejector refrigeration cycle for shipboard cold chamber is proposed in this research. A comparative analysis was conducted between the basic transcritical CO2 two-stage compression cycle and the cycle equipped with a two-phase ejector considering the COP. Meanwhile, the refrigeration cycle was analyzed using entropy analysis to elucidate the distribution of irreversible losses in each component of the two-stage compression/ejector refrigeration cycle, and the effects of system parameters such as the evaporating and gas cooler outlet temperatures as well as the intermediate and discharge pressures on the cycle were investigated. The results showed that the ejector had the largest power capability loss, accounting for 26.95 % of the overall system, which is followed by the low pressure compressor with 26.06%. The COP of basic and ejector system significantly increase as the gas cooler outlet temperature and intermediate pressure decrease as well as the evaporating temperature increases. Furthermore, the entropy production of the system components decreases gradually with increasing evaporating temperature, with the greatest reduction in the ejector. In addition, the entropy production of the two-phase ejector remains constant with the increase of the high pressure side discharge pressure and gas cooler outlet temperature.

Manipulating the severe shoot topping delays the harvest date and modifies the flavor composition of Cabernet Sauvignon wines in a semi-arid climate

This study aimed to mitigate the adverse effects of global warming by applying severe shoot topping (SST) to grapevines in a semi-arid climate. A three-year study (2018–2020) was performed to investigate the impact of SST on wine flavor composition. Results showed that SST effectively delayed the grape harvest date, which was more evident in the dry and warm vintage (7–11 d). SST significantly increased the concentration of myricetin-based flavonols in wines which were 18% higher than in untreated wines. Through orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), SST wines were characterized by more abundant phenolic compounds and higher sensory scores. The carry-over effect of applying SST in consecutive years in the same vines could be reflected in wine color. The correlations among wine metabolites, color and aroma parameters, and sensory parameters were evaluated through multiple analyses. This study provided an idea for delaying grape ripening in a semi-arid climate.

Global Warming: A study of erratic fluctuations in land and oceanic temperature as influenced by heightening industrial activity and population growth

Tackling the global climate crisis is a daunting task. Excessive greenhouse gas emissions lead to rising temperatures and sea levels, stratospheric ozone depletion and a greater occurrence of intense, sporadic natural disasters. In order to commence the development of remedial technologies to subdue the adverse effects of global warming, it is essential to understand the range of anthropogenic and industrial activities that cause global land and oceanic temperatures to fluctuate beyond their expected statistical range. The following paper employs a myriad of machine learning algorithms in the development of deep neural networks (DNNs) that are used to forecast land and oceanic temperatures. Data input during the model’s training process, (covering an overall sample period of 28 years from 1990 - 2018), consists of sectoral carbon emission values of the top 20 contributors to the climate crisis worldwide—as well as additional correlated factors, such as population growth rate and gross domestic product (GDP) growth per capita, incorporated to create a comprehensive and versatile predictive tool. Results indicate high predictive accuracy of the model, with a low mean square error (MSE) of 0.208 and a high coefficient of determination (r²) of 98.7%, implying a high degree of explainability regarding variations in predictions.

Tailoring Flow Field Channel Aspect Ratio for Efficient Mass Transport and Compression in Fuel Cells

The adverse effects of global warming have made it critical to transition our reliance on fossil fuels to more sustainable energy sources. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) can facilitate this transition by providing on-demand power with zero local carbon emissions. However, the high cost and poor durability of fuel cells hinder their widespread adoption. Particularly, PEMFC performance is strongly dependent on the flow fields which should be designed to optimize the transport of reactants and byproducts while maintaining uniform compression with subsequent layers. An important flow field design parameter is the channel aspect ratio which directly influences compression and the transport of reactants and products. Although novel flow field configurations have been studied previously, a comprehensive investigation on the effects of channel aspect ratio on cell performance has yet to be performed. In this study, we compared the electrochemical performance across varying flow field channel aspect ratios (channel width by height) from 0.5-2.0 with a fixed active area. The ohmic and mass transport resistances were quantified using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Operando X-ray imaging was performed to spatially resolve water saturation under the land and channel regions of the flow fields. We observed that lower channel aspect ratios (or higher number of channels for the given active area) led to lower ohmic resistance but resulted in higher mass transport losses at higher current densities due to significant water saturation under the hydrophilic ribs of the flow field. Notably, from these results we elucidated that there exists an ideal channel to rib width ratio to facilitate efficient mass transport and effective contact between the porous microstructures.