Adventitious Breath Sounds Research Articles

Frequency of the clinical indicators of ‘ineffective airway clearance’ among patients after coronary artery bypass grafting at tertiary care hospitals Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the frequency of the clinical indicators of ineffective airway clearance among patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting at tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Dow University Hospital (DUH), Ojha Campus, and Tabba Heart Institute (THI) Karachi. Period: December 2019 to July 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 113 patients were enrolled after CABG surgery through purposive sampling nine clinical indicators were assessed in post-CABG patients for the presence of Ineffective Airway Clearance (IAC). A data collection tool with demographic variables and nine clinical indicators (defining characteristics) of IAC was used. The association of clinical indicators with IAC was determined through the Fisher Exact Test. Results: The mean age of study patients was 57.50± 9.107 years. IAC was found in 105 (92.9%) patients in post-CABG surgery patients within 24 hours of intubating of the ventilator. The most frequent clinical indicator was adventitious breath sounds (ABS) which has shown up in 90 (79.6%) patients of the study population. The majority of the indicators were found to be statistically significantly associated with IAC. Conclusion: This study concludes high incidence of IAC 92.2% among the study population of post CABG patients. The most frequent clinical indicator were ABS, excessive sputum, and ineffective cough.

Accuracy of the nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance in intensive care unit patients.

to analyze the accuracy of the clinical indicators of ineffective airway clearance in adult intensive care unit patients. diagnostic accuracy study, performed in the intensive care unit of a university hospital in northeastern Brazil. The sample consisted of 104 patients hospitalized between June and October 2019. the prevalence of ineffective airway clearance was 36.54%. The indicators with high specificity included absence of cough (0.8326), orthopnea (0.6817), adventitious breath sounds (0.8175), and diminished breath sounds (0.8326). The clinical indicators with high sensitivity and specificity were alteration in respiratory rate (0.9999) and alteration in respiratory pattern (0.9999). six clinical indicators provided an accurate identification of ineffective airway clearance. The clinical indicators alteration in respiratory rate and alteration in respiratory pattern were the most accurate for critical adult patients. The findings of this study contribute to accurate diagnostic inferences and to prevention of respiratory complications in these patients.

Comparison of Severe Viral Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses Among Malaysian Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ObjectivesWe described the etiology of severe pneumonia in children during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia and compared the clinical features of severe SARS-CoV-2 to other respiratory viruses.MethodsThis retrospective study included all children aged 12 years and below hospitalized with severe pneumonia in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, between 1 April 2021 and 31 October 2021. We extracted demographic and clinical data and used logistic regression to examine risk factors associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 or other viral pneumonia.ResultsA total of 111 children were included. The median age was 15 months. Human rhinovirus/enterovirus, SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus were the most common etiology of severe pneumonia. Codetection of >1 viral pathogen was present in 14 (12.6%) patients. Children with severe COVID-19 presented early in the course of illness and had lower rates of pediatric intensive care admission. The presence of sick contact with an adult was a predictor for SARS-CoV-2, whereas adventitious breath sounds were predictive of other respiratory viruses.ConclusionsThe etiology of severe pneumonia in children evolved with the epidemic curve of COVID-19 and school closures. Children with severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 experienced a milder clinical course when compared to other respiratory viruses.

Real-World Verification of Artificial Intelligence Algorithm-Assisted Auscultation of Breath Sounds in Children

Objective: Lung auscultation plays an important role in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for the detection of breath sounds in a real clinical environment among children with pulmonary diseases.Method: The auscultations of breath sounds were collected in the respiratory department of Shanghai Children's Medical Center (SCMC) by using an electronic stethoscope. The discrimination results for all chest locations with respect to a gold standard (GS) established by 2 experienced pediatric pulmonologists from SCMC and 6 general pediatricians were recorded. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1-score of the AI algorithm and general pediatricians with respect to the GS were evaluated. Meanwhile, the performance of the AI algorithm for different patient ages and recording locations was evaluated.Result: A total of 112 hospitalized children with pulmonary diseases were recruited for the study from May to December 2019. A total of 672 breath sounds were collected, and 627 (93.3%) breath sounds, including 159 crackles (23.1%), 264 wheeze (38.4%), and 264 normal breath sounds (38.4%), were fully analyzed by the AI algorithm. The accuracy of the detection of adventitious breath sounds by the AI algorithm and general pediatricians with respect to the GS were 77.7% and 59.9% (p < 0.001), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score in the detection of crackles and wheeze from the AI algorithm were higher than those from the general pediatricians (crackles 81.1 vs. 47.8%, 94.1 vs. 77.1%, and 80.9 vs. 42.74%, respectively; wheeze 86.4 vs. 82.2%, 83.0 vs. 72.1%, and 80.9 vs. 72.5%, respectively; p < 0.001). Performance varied according to the age of the patient, with patients younger than 12 months yielding the highest accuracy (81.3%, p < 0.001) among the age groups.Conclusion: In a real clinical environment, children's breath sounds were collected and transmitted remotely by an electronic stethoscope; these breath sounds could be recognized by both pediatricians and an AI algorithm. The ability of the AI algorithm to analyze adventitious breath sounds was better than that of the general pediatricians.

Prognostic indicators of short-term survival of ineffective airway clearance in children with acute respiratory infection: a longitudinal study

Background: Studies that establish the indicators of clinical status deterioration of Ineffective airway clearance remain scarce. Prognostic studies provide data for nurses identify clinical indicators that suggest a higher chance of early development of a nursing diagnosis. Objective: To identify the prognostic indicators of short-term survival of ineffective airway clearance (IAC) in children with acute respiratory infection (ARI). Design: A prospective open cohort study. Methods: This study was with a group of 136 children with acute respiratory infection who were followed for a minimum of six and a maximum of ten consecutive days. Children who had not completed six days of monitoring or who were carriers of diseases that would alter the specific symptoms of respiratory infection were excluded. The survival rate of ineffective airway clearance was calculated using Nelson-Aalen's method. A Cox regression model was used to analyze the influence of clinical indicators on survival time of this diagnosis. Results: The diagnosis survival rate was extremely low (only 0.4% on the 5th day of follow-up). The greatest reduction in survival rate was observed in the first 48 h (survival rate = 2.5%). Four defining characteristics associated with a worse prognosis of IAC among children with ARI: ineffective cough (RR = 5.86; 95% CI: 3.53–9.72), absence of cough (RR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.68–5.08), adventitious breath sounds (RR = 2.47; 95% CI: 2.01–3.03), and diminished breath sounds (RR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.05–1.45). Conclusion: Four clinical indicators showed a strong relationship with an increased risk of worsening clinical status associated with this nursing diagnosis. Impact statement: Clinical deterioration related to ineffective airway clearance among children with acute respiratory infection is fast and requires particular attention from nurses.

Indicators of Airway Secretion Weight in Mechanically Ventilated Subjects.

Clinicians may use adventitious breath sounds on lung auscultation and a "sawtooth" pattern on the ventilator expiratory flow waveform as indicators of the need for chest physiotherapy for airway-secretion clearance in mechanically ventilated patients. This study seeks to identify potential clinical and novel indicators of the weight of airway secretions cleared from a single session of chest physiotherapy in mechanically ventilated subjects. We recorded airway crackles using artificial airway acoustic sound monitoring and computerized lung-sound amplitude using artificial airway acoustic sound detection and compared them to standard clinical assessments in 71 mechanically ventilated subjects immediately prior to a single session of chest physiotherapy. Correlational analyses were undertaken between the weight of airway secretions obtained after the single session of chest physiotherapy as the dependent variable and novel assessments, clinical assessments, patient characteristics, and ventilator parameters as the independent variables. Multiple linear regression analyses were then used to determine the best model to predict the weight of airway secretions obtained from the single chest physiotherapy session. Data are reported as mean and median as appropriate. Significance was set at P < .05. 71 mechanically ventilated subjects were included for analysis. Statistically significant associations with the weight of airway secretions included the presence of a sawtooth waveform on expiration and the novel assessment of average airway crackles during inspiration. The best predictive model of the weight of airway secretions included the presence of the sawtooth waveform on expiration and ventilator tidal volume. Simple clinical assessments used in this study were able to independently predict the weight of airway secretions cleared during a single session of chest physiotherapy. The novel assessments used in this investigation did not add any further value.

Defining characteristics and related factors of the nursing diagnosis for ineffective breathing pattern.

To identify in the literature the defining characteristics and related factors of the nursing diagnosis "ineffective breathing pattern". Integrative review with the steps: problem identification, literature search, evaluation and analysis of data and presentation of results. Twenty articles and two dissertations were included. In children, the most prevalent related factor was bronchial secretion, followed by hyperventilation. The main defining characteristics were dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, use of accessory muscles to breathe, orthopnea and adventitious breath sounds. Bronchial secretion, cough and adventitious breath sounds are not included in the NANDA-International (NANDA-I). For adults and older adults, the related factors were fatigue, pain and obesity and the defining characteristics were dyspnea, orthopnea and tachypnea. This diagnosis manifests differently according to the patients' age group. It was observed that some defining characteristics and related factors are not included in the NANDA-I. Their inclusion can improve this nursing diagnosis.

Classification tree to screen for the nursing diagnosis Ineffective airway clearance

to identify the defining characteristics of Ineffective airway clearance with better predictive power using classification trees. the predictive power of the defining characteristics of Ineffective airway clearance was evaluated based on classification trees generated from the data of 249 children with acute respiratory infection. Ineffective cough and adventitious breath sounds were identified as the main defining characteristics when screening for Ineffective airway clearance in accordance with trees based on three different computational algorithms. Ineffective coughing and adventitious breath sounds had better predictive capacity for Ineffective airway clearance in the sample.

Control of Respiratory Symptoms During Sleep in Patients with Stable Bronchial Asthma

Awareness of respiratory symptoms during day- and night-time is important for asthma control. Acoustic long-term recording offers a possibility to monitor symptoms objectively. In this prospective observational study frequency of night-time cough and wheezing was evaluated in patients with stable asthma. Night-time cough and wheezing were monitored by LEOSound lung sound monitor in 40 patients with stable asthma. Patients did not complain of respiratory problems during day- and nighttime, asthma control test was 23 points on average. FEV1 was 84 ± 15 %; MEF 50 71 ± 27 % and Rtot 0,48 ± 0,18 kPas/l. The age of the patients was 35 ± 11 years. All patients had an antiobstructive and/or anti-inflammatory medication. The present study focuses on description of frequency, severity and characteristics of night-time symptoms like cough and wheezing in patients with stable asthma and tries to depict differences in patients who present cough or wheezing. Wheezing was monitored in 2 of the 40 patients. In the first patient duration of wheezing was 19 min, in the second 55 min. Lung function in patient 1 showed a moderate bronchial obstruction, he was still smoking. Patient 2 was a non-smoker with a significant bronchial obstruction (FEV1 49 %; MEF 50 27 % and Rtot 0,52 kPas/l). In 26 patients there was no coughing, 14 patients had 4 ± 3 (2 - 13) cough epochs during the night. By dividing the collective in two groups differentiated by the presence of cough/ no cough we found no significant differences regarding lung function and ACT-scores. Both patients with night-time wheezing presented low ACT- Scores (20 and 21 points). Nocturnal wheezing and cough episodes were detectable in 2 respectively 14 patients with stable asthma. Long-term recording of normal and adventitious breath sounds offers a practical opportunity to evaluate night-time cough and wheezing objectively.

Clinical indicators of ineffective airway clearance in children with acute respiratory infection.

The identification of clinical indicators with good predictive ability allows the nurse to minimize the existing variability in clinical situations presented by the patient and to accurately identify the nursing diagnosis, which represents the true clinical condition. The purpose of this study was to analyze the accuracy of NANDA-I clinical indicators of the nursing diagnosis ineffective airway clearance (IAC) in children with acute respiratory infection. This was a prospective cohort study conducted with a group of 136 children and followed for a period of time ranging from 6 to 10 consecutive days. For data analysis, the measures of accuracy were calculated for clinical indicators, which presented statistical significance in a generalized estimated equation model. IAC was present in 91.9% of children in the first assessment. Adventitious breath sounds presented the best measure of accuracy. Ineffective cough presented a high value of sensitivity. Changes in respiratory rate, wide-eyed, diminished breath sounds, and difficulty vocalizing presented high positive predictive values. In conclusion, adventitious breath sounds showed the best predictive ability to diagnose IAC in children with respiratory acute infection.

A Study to Assess the Incidence of Post-Operative Complications among the Patients Undergone Abdominal Surgery in Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical Hospital Pimpri

Background - The term abdominal surgery broadly covers surgical procedures that involve opening the abdomen. Surgery of each abdominal organ is dealt with separately in connection with the description of that organ (stomach, kidney, liver, etc.) Diseases affecting the abdominal cavity are dealt with generally under their own names (e.g. appendicitis). Surgery is a stressful, complex event. Today as a result of advances in surgical techniques and instrumentation as well as in anesthesia, many surgical procedures that were once performed in an inpatient setting now takes place in an ambulatory or outpatient setting. Approximately 60% of elective surgeries are now performed in an ambulatory or outpatient setting. A study was conducted in Rajarajeshwari medical college hospital Bangalore This study aimed to determine the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in the abdominal surgeries and to identify risk factors associated with the development of SSI .All surgeries (1000 cases) where abdominal wall was opened were considered for the study. It was seen that overall surgical wound infection rate was 13.7%. The infection rate was more with emergency surgery (25.2%) when compared to elective surgery (7.6%). The surgical site infection rate increased as the risk index score increased from 0 to 3. SSI was more with early operative and post operative prophylaxis1 Aims and Objectives - To assess the incidence of post - operative complications among the patients undergone abdominal surgery. To correlate complications with demographic variable. Material and Methods : Data was collected from 100 patients with questionnaire and observation checklist to evaluate the post operative complications. Assessment done from 0day, 3day, 7day and follow up to observe post operative complications. Result: None of them had any post-operative DVT complication till day 7. On follow up, 14% of them had unilateral pitting edema. On day 0, 4% of them had adventitious breath sounds then it came down to 1% on day7 and remained same for follow up. On day 0, 8% of them had Sputum production, 2% of them, had Sputum production in follow up visit. 1% of them had abnormal respiratory rate on day3. 1% of them needed breathing efforts on day 0 and follow up visit. 1% of them had abnormal o2 saturation on day 0. 26% of them had swelling at the site of incision on day0, 14% of them had it on day3, and 4% on day7. 1% of them had necrotic tissue at wound on day 3 and day 7. 3% of them had Exudates / Discharge from wound on day 3 and 5% of them had it on day7. 6% of them had abnormal skin color surrounding the wound on day 0, 1% on day of follow up.2% of them had Gaping in wound on day 3. 39% of them had Elevated body Temperature on day 0, 2% of them had Elevated body Temperature on day 7. 4% of them had Pain at the incision site on follow up day. Conclusion: It can concluded that, none of them were any post-operative DVT complications till 7th day, in follow up visit, 17% of them had mild signs of DVT complications. Mild signs of respiratory complications, mild signs of wound complications selected, none of the patient were signs of complications of incisional hernia till day 7. In follow up visit, 4% of them were mild signs of complications of incisional hernia. Selected post operative complications among the patients following abdominal surgery.

Diagnostic accuracy of the defining characteristics of the excessive fluid volume diagnosis in hemodialysis patients.

Objective: to evaluate the accuracy of the defining characteristics of the excess fluid volume nursing diagnosis of NANDA International, in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Method: this was a study of diagnostic accuracy, with a cross-sectional design, performed in two stages. The first, involving 100 patients from a dialysis clinic and a university hospital in northeastern Brazil, investigated the presence and absence of the defining characteristics of excess fluid volume. In the second step, these characteristics were evaluated by diagnostic nurses, who judged the presence or absence of the diagnosis. To analyze the measures of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Approval was given by the Research Ethics Committee under authorization No. 148.428. Results: the most sensitive indicator was edema and most specific were pulmonary congestion, adventitious breath sounds and restlessness. Conclusion: the more accurate defining characteristics, considered valid for the diagnostic inference of excess fluid volume in patients undergoing hemodialysis were edema, pulmonary congestion, adventitious breath sounds and restlessness. Thus, in the presence of these, the nurse may safely assume the presence of the diagnosis studied.

Clinical Differentiation of Respiratory Nursing Diagnoses among Children with Acute Respiratory Infection

The aim of this study was to identify the defining characteristics that allow clinical differentiation of the nursing diagnoses, ineffective breathing pattern (IBP), ineffective airway clearance (IAC), and impaired gas exchange (IGE). A secondary analysis with a cohort design was developed from 1128 records obtained during the hospital stay of 136 children with acute respiratory infection. Groups of defining characteristics with greater differentiation capacity were identified by multiple correspondence analyses. The results showed that the defining characteristics that better differentiate the studied diagnoses are agitation, irritability and diaphoresis for IGE; dyspnea, use of accessory muscles to breathe, orthopnea, and abnormal breathing pattern for IBP and excessive sputum, absence of cough, difficulty verbalizing, nasal flaring, and adventitious breath sounds for IAC. Twelve defining characteristics that can assist clinicians to differentiate the three main respiratory nursing diagnoses among children with acute respiratory infection were identified in this study.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the accuracy of clinical indicators for ineffective airway clearance.

To report quantitative evidence for the accuracy of the defining characteristics of ineffective airway clearance in different settings and populations. Defining characteristics are tests used by nurses to clinically indicate the presence or absence of a particular nursing diagnosis. A few studies have reported the accuracy of certain defining characteristics of ineffective airway clearance, but these studies address specific populations with particular needs. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to provide a synthesis and critical appraisal of the included studies. The electronic databases CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and LILACS were searched using a systematic search strategy for studies published in any year. The last search was performed on 31 July 2013. Using the recommendations from Cochrane Collaboration for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy and the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD), a systematic review was conducted using studies investigating the presence of ineffective airway clearance and its defining characteristics. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Seven papers met the search criteria. The studies were developed in different clinical settings and most of them fulfilled QUADAS criteria. Summary measures indicated the following defining characteristics with higher accuracy values: adventitious breath sounds, changes in respiratory rate, difficult vocalizing, diminished breath sounds, dyspnoea, ineffective cough, orthopnoea and restlessness. This systematic review showed that the variability in clinical indicators of ineffective airway clearance is related to differences in the clinical settings and patients.

Characterization of cytomegalovirus lung infection in non-HIV infected children.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a prevalent pathogen in the immunocompromised host and invasive pneumonia is a feared complication of the virus in this population. In this pediatric case series we characterized CMV lung infection in 15 non-HIV infected children (median age 3 years; IQR 0.2–4.9 years), using current molecular and imaging diagnostic modalities, in combination with respiratory signs and symptoms. The most prominent clinical and laboratory findings included cough (100%), hypoxemia (100%), diffuse adventitious breath sounds (100%) and increased respiratory effort (93%). All patients had abnormal lung images characterized by ground glass opacity/consolidation in 80% of cases. CMV was detected in the lung either by CMV PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage (82% detection rate) or histology/immunohistochemistry in lung biopsy (100% detection rate). CMV caused respiratory failure in 47% of children infected and the overall mortality rate was 13.3%. Conclusion: CMV pneumonia is a potential lethal disease in non-HIV infected children that requires a high-index of suspicion. Common clinical and radiological patterns such as hypoxemia, diffuse adventitious lung sounds and ground-glass pulmonary opacities may allow early identification of CMV lung infection in the pediatric population, which may lead to prompt initiation of antiviral therapy and better clinical outcomes.

Desobstrução ineficaz de vias aéreas em crianças com infecção respiratória aguda

This cross-sectional study was performed with 151 children inpatients of a pediatric hospital in Northeastern Brazil, with the objective to analyze the accuracy of the defining characteristics of the diagnoses ineffective airway clearance in children with acute respiratory infection. A thorough respiratory evaluation was performed and the diagnostic inference was developed by specialists. The most frequent defining characteristics were adventitious breath sounds, ineffective cough, dyspnea, and changes in respiratory rate. Ineffective airway clearance was present in 37.7% of the sample. Agitation was the characteristic with the highest sensitivity. Dyspnea, adventitious breath sounds, orthopnea, changes in respiratory rate and agitation presented higher specificity for the diagnosis. In conclusion, the defining characteristics showed different performances to correctly classify children with infective airway clearance. Studies like this can contribute for a correct nursing diagnostic inference and for the implementation of more effective interventions, thus improving the quality of health care.Descriptors: Respiratory Tract Infections; Nursing Diagnosis; Child.

Intervention for ineffective airway clearance in asthmatic children: A controlled and randomized clinical trial

This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of an intervention for the nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance in asthmatic children. A blinded, randomized and controlled clinical trial was developed in a paediatric hospital located on northeast of Brazil with 42 asthmatic children aged ≤ 36 months. The children were randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control) by means of a simple drawing. The applied intervention included actions related to change of positioning and stimulation of cough. The main findings of this study show that before the intervention, no significant difference was observed in the health status of the children. After the intervention, the indicators of choking (16.83 vs. 26.17, P = 0.007) and adventitious breath sounds (16.4 vs. 26.6, P = 0.005) were higher, on average, in the intervention group. It was observed an improvement in obstructive symptoms in children who received the intervention proposed.

Clinical indicators of ineffective airway clearance for patients in the cardiac postoperative period

The accuracy of an indicator determines the direct relationship between a defining characteristic and the presence or absence of a specific nursing diagnosis. To analyse the accuracy of the clinical indicators of ineffective airway clearance in patients during the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. A total of 98 patients recruited from a postoperative unit were included in the study. An analysis of sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, accuracy, and area under the ROC curve was used to determine the accuracy of these clinical indicators. Four clinical indicators showed the highest levels of accuracy by statistical measure: dyspnoea, adventitious breath sounds, ineffective cough, and retained secretions. The indicators retained secretions and ineffective cough showed high diagnostic odds ratios (62.8 and 28.1, respectively). The results suggest that there are differences between the ineffective airway clearance indicators as accuracy measures.

Clinical indicators of "ineffective breathing pattern" in children with congenital heart disease

Clinical indicators of ineffective breathing pattern in children with congenital heart disease. To analyze the accuracy of clinical predictors of nursing diagnosis "Ineffective breathing pattern in children with congenital heart disease". 1:1 case-control study with 30 children with congenital heart disease. Fifteen children with the nursing diagnosis "Ineffective breathing pattern" (cases) were compared with other 15 without this diagnosis (controls). A total of 15 clinical indicators were analyzed for their sensibility, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios and area under the ROC curve. Four indicators showed an area under the ROC curve > 70%: chest x-ray findings (0.750), adventitious breath sounds (0.737), coughing (0.710) and asymmetric chest expansion (0.702). The indicators of the chest x-ray findings and adventitious breath sounds had a better overall performance for the identification of ineffective breathing pattern. These findings suggest that both indicators can be useful for inference of ineffective breathing pattern. Moreover, the presence of the diagnosis was associated with a greater likelihood of the presence of cough, and its absence with an increased probability of the absence of asymmetric chest expansion and percussive sounds. The comparison among populations with different diseases and carriers of the same nursing diagnosis shows that the predictive ability of clinical indicators can be influenced.

Diagnósticos de enfermagem respiratórios para crianças com infecção respiratória aguda

OBJETIVOS: Identificar a prevalência dos diagnósticos de enfermagem: Padrão respiratório ineficaz (PRI), Desobstrução ineficaz de vias aéreas (DIVA), Troca de gases prejudicada (TGP) e Ventilação espontânea prejudicada (VEP) suas características definidoras e fatores relacionados, em crianças com infecção respiratória aguda. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, transversal, com 151 crianças. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista e de avaliação pulmonar. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS: O diagnóstico mais prevalente foi PRI. Ruídos adventícios respiratórios e tosse ineficaz foram às características definidoras mais prevalentes. Ruídos adventícios respiratórios aumentam em 80% a chance para DIVA. Entre os fatores relacionados, destacaram-se: secreções nos brônquios e secreções retidas. Secreções nos brônquios favorecem em 80% a ocorrência de PRI e em 60% de DIVA. Verificou-se associação estatisticamente significante entre as características e fatores relacionados com os diagnósticos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: Os quatro diagnósticos foram identificados em crianças com infecções respiratórias agudas, apresentando prevalências distintas.