Advances In Nuclear Cardiology Research Articles

The Importance of Time-of-Flight Reconstruction and Point Spread Modeling in the Measurement of Myocardial Blood Flow Parameters

Absolute quantitation of myocardial blood flow has been recognized as one of the most important advances in nuclear cardiology. The addition of absolute myocardial blood flow quantitation has had a significant impact on the determination of normalcy, artifact/defect differentiation, and the true extent of coronary artery disease in patients with known or suspected coronary disease. Time-of-flight reconstruction and point spread function modeling of the potential to greatly improve resolution and signal to background. This combined with absolute blood flow measurements could improve the reliability of regional blood flow estimates and overall image quality. Recent publications have demonstrated that time-of-flight reconstruction can have an impact on the amount of spillover between the blood pool ROI and the myocardial regions. This may necessitate changes to kinetic models; however, these changes if implemented correctly may result in improved accuracy and reproducibility of blood flow estimates. This may also have the benefit of assessing blood flow in the microvasculature using newer F-18 labeled blood flow tracers. Time of flight and point spread function modeling represent significant improvements in the accuracy and quality of reconstructed myocardial perfusion PET images. This may also have significant implications for the reliability of blood flow estimates. To achieve these benefits, attention must be given to blood flow models to ensure that they have been correctly optimized for the scanner-specific time-of-flight reconstruction properties.

Practical Guide for Interpreting and Reporting Cardiac PET Measurements of Myocardial Blood Flow: An Information Statement from the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

One of the most exciting and useful advances in nuclear cardiology is the opportunity to measure myocardial blood flow (MBF) routinely as part of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with positron emission tomography (PET). Incorporating MBF into the MPI evaluation improves diagnosis and assessment of

Advances in Nuclear Cardiology: Instrumentation, Software and Radiopharmaceuticals

Advances in Nuclear Cardiology: Instrumentation, Software and Radiopharmaceuticals

Cardiovascular molecular imaging: Expanding the paradigms and parameters

Cardiovascular molecular imaging: Expanding the paradigms and parameters

Recent technologic advances in nuclear cardiology

The changes in hardware and software introduced recently may provide an opportunity for improvement in the accuracy of SPECT MPI while at the same time allowing for shorter, more comfortable imaging for the patient. With the increasing use of coronary computed tomography angiography, greater attention is being focused on the amount of radiation received by the patient with SPECT MPI as well as the coronary computed tomography angiography procedures. Given this concern, the improvements in hardware and software could allow for a dramatic reduction in radiation dose if scan times are kept close to those used currently. These new developments are a welcome development for this now mature imaging field.

心臓核医学・21世紀へのプロローグ(第37回核医学分科会)

心臓核医学・21世紀へのプロローグ(第37回核医学分科会)

Recent advances in nuclear cardiology in the study of coronary artery disease.

A variety of new radiopharmaceutical agents have been introduced to probe myocardial function in vivo. This review will introduce these new techniques which have recently been available in Japan. Tc-99m perfusion imaging agents provide excellent myocardial perfusion images which may enhance diagnostic accuracy in the study of coronary artery disease. In addition, greater photon flux from the tracer permits simultaneous assessment of regional perfusion and function with use of first-pass angiography or ECG-gated acquisition. Positron emission tomography enables metabolic assessment in vivo. Preserved FDG uptake indicates ischemic but viable myocardium which is likely to improve regional dysfunction after revascularization. In addition, FDG-PET seems to be valuable for selecting a high risk subgroup. Recently I-123 BMIPP, a branched fatty acid analog, has been clinically available in Japan. Less uptake of BMIPP than thallium is often observed in the ischemic myocardium. Such perfusion metabolic mismatch which seems to be similarly observed in FDG-PET is identified in the stunned or hibernating myocardium with regional dysfunction. Both of them are likely to recover afterwards. Severe ischemia is identified as reduced BMIPP uptake at rest, suggesting its role as an ischemic memory imaging. I-123 MIBG uptake in the myocardium reflects adrenergic neuronal function in vivo. In the study of coronary artery disease, neuronal denervation is often observed around the infarcted myocardium and post ischemic region as well. More importantly, reduced MIBG uptake in these patients can identify high risk for ventricular arrhythmias and assess severity of congestive heart failure. These new techniques will provide insights into new pathological states in the ischemic heart disease and enable to select optimal treatment in these patients.

Techniques, Diagnostics, and Advances in Nuclear Cardiology

HomeRadiologyVol. 153, No. 2 PreviousNext ReviewsTechniques, Diagnostics, and Advances in Nuclear CardiologyMahmoud El-Desouki, David L. GildayMahmoud El-Desouki, David L. GildayMahmoud El-DesoukiDavid L. GildayPublished Online:Nov 1 1984https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.153.2.514MoreSectionsPDF ToolsImage ViewerAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked In Article HistoryPublished in print: Nov 1984 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRecommended Articles RSNA Education Exhibits RSNA Case Collection Vol. 153, No. 2 Metrics Altmetric Score PDF download

Techniques, Diagnostics, and Advances in Nuclear Cardiology

More than two thirds of this book is directed to the novice and provides a clear, detailed presentation of the technical aspects and diagnostic uses of the various studies available to investigate cardiac functions and myocardial perfusion. Unfortunately, the later chapters are uneven in the quality of their descriptions of advances in nuclear cardiology. For example, the book does not give adequate coverage to parametric images in the evaluation of cardiac wall motion and makes no mention of the current clinical use of Fourier analysis imaging, although software for this is now available through most computer companies. In the discussion on myocardial perfusion, only a bare mention is given to seven-pinhole tomography, rotating slant-hole tomography, or single-photon-emission computed tomography. An interesting chapter on positron emission transaxial tomographic imaging is followed by a superficial discussion of nuclear magnetic resonance, which does not include cardiac imaging. These shortcomings do not take away

Techniques, Diagnostics, and Advances in Nuclear Cardiology

Professor of Radiation Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Chief, Nuclear Medicine Service, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Loma Linda, California

Recent advances in nuclear cardiology. 1. "Hot-spot" and "cold-spot" myocardial scintigraphy.

Nuclear cardiology is a comparatively new field of cardiovascular medicine in which technologic advances have provided relatively noninvasive means of evaluating cardiovascular abnormalities. The purpose of this two-part review is to emphasize some important recent advances and to place in perspective the advantages and disadvantages of those new techniques that are particularly useful clinically.

Recent advances in nuclear cardiology. 2. Dynamic myocardial scintigraphy.

Nuclear cardiology, a developing subspeciality of cardiology and nuclear medicine, has experienced rapid growth during the past five years. Important advances in "hot-spot" and "cold-spot" myocardial scintigraphy for measurement of myocardial perfusion and detection of myocardial infarction are discussed in part 1 of this article, beginning on page 55. Part 2 concludes the discussion with an update on dynamic myocardial imaging.

Radionuclide Imaging in Cardiovascular Disease

OVER the past decade, advances in nuclear cardiology have provided a range of diagnostic tools for the practicing clinician. The development of new radionuclides, high-resolution γ scintillation cameras, and sophisticated small computers have been responsible for improvement in the quality and scope of nuclear cardiologic techniques. The following is a brief review of these techniques, their applications and limitations. Perfusion Imaging Normal Myocardium.— Perfusion imaging of normal myocardium is performed by administration of a radioactive tracer that is extracted by normally functioning myocardial cells. Agents such as thallium 201 exhibit the biological behavior of potassium and presumably are pumped into the cell by activating membranebound (Na + , K + )-adenosine triphosphatase. Their myocardial uptake is dependent on two factors: (1) regional myocardial blood flow and (2) cell function. The normal myocardial image appears homogeneous in count distribution. Areas of decreased uptake in the resting study reflect areas of myocardial fibrosis or infarction

Radionuclide imaging in cardiovascular disease. Current indications

OVER the past decade, advances in nuclear cardiology have provided a range of diagnostic tools for the practicing clinician. The development of new radionuclides, high-resolution γ scintillation cameras, and sophisticated small computers have been responsible for improvement in the quality and scope of nuclear cardiologic techniques. The following is a brief review of these techniques, their applications and limitations. <h3>Perfusion Imaging</h3><h3>Normal Myocardium.—</h3> Perfusion imaging of normal myocardium is performed by administration of a radioactive tracer that is extracted by normally functioning myocardial cells. Agents such as thallium 201 exhibit the biological behavior of potassium and presumably are pumped into the cell by activating membranebound (Na⁺, K⁺)-adenosine triphosphatase. Their myocardial uptake is dependent on two factors: (1) regional myocardial blood flow and (2) cell function. The normal myocardial image appears homogeneous in count distribution. Areas of decreased uptake in the resting study reflect areas of myocardial fibrosis or infarction

Storage and metabolism of norepinephrine after experimental myocardial infarction.

ARTICLESStorage and metabolism of norepinephrine after experimental myocardial infarctionP Mathes, C Cowan, and S GudbjarnasonP Mathes, C Cowan, and S GudbjarnasonPublished Online:01 Jan 1971https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.220.1.27MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByAutonomic cardiac innervation27 October 2014 | Organogenesis, Vol. 9, No. 3Impaired activation of celiac ganglion neurons in vivo after damage to their sympathetic nerve terminalsJournal of Neuroscience Research, Vol. 86, No. 9Postinfarct sympathetic hyperactivity differentially stimulates expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine transporterDiana C. Parrish, Kurt Gritman, Donna M. Van Winkle, William R. Woodward, Michael Bader, and Beth A. Habecker1 January 2008 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 294, No. 1Myocardial infarction stimulates galanin expression in cardiac sympathetic neuronsNeuropeptides, Vol. 39, No. 2Infarction alters both the distribution and noradrenergic properties of cardiac sympathetic neuronsWei Li, David Knowlton, Donna M. Van Winkle, and Beth A. Habecker1 June 2004 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 286, No. 6Regulation of noradrenergic function by inflammatory cytokines and depolarization3 July 2003 | Journal of Neurochemistry, Vol. 86, No. 3Heterogeneous cardiac sympathetic innervation in heart failure after myocardial infarction of ratsAkihiko Igawa, Takashi Nozawa, Naohiro Yoshida, Nozomu Fujii, Minoru Inoue, Shusaku Tazawa, Hidetsugu Asanoi, and Hiroshi Inoue1 April 2000 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 278, No. 4Recent advances in nuclear cardiology in the study of coronary artery diseaseAnnals of Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 11, No. 2Scintigraphic assessment of sympathetic innervation after transmural versus nontransmural myocardial infarctionJournal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol. 17, No. 6Effects of exercise on myocardial catecholamine content and ischemic injury in dogs with gradual coronary occlusionAmerican Heart Journal, Vol. 120, No. 6Beta-adrenergic receptor properties of canine myocardium: Effects of chronic myocardial infarctionJournal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol. 8, No. 2Adverse effects of chronic cardiac denervation in conscious dogs with myocardial ischemia.Circulation Research, Vol. 57, No. 3Hyperkinetic contraction of a nonischemic segment of ischemic left ventricle in anesthetized dogsHeart and Vessels, Vol. 1, No. 3Apparent superiority of H2-receptor stimulation and simultaneousβ-blockade over conventional treatment withβ-sympathomimetic drugs in post-acute myocardial infarction: Cardiac effects of impromidine — a new specific H2-receptor agonist — in the surviving catecholamine-insensitive myocardiumAgents and Actions, Vol. 15, No. 3-4Limitation of Infarct Size by Pharmacological InterventionsMorphology and mitochondrial function of the surviving myocardium following myocardial infarction in the catBasic Research in Cardiology, Vol. 78, No. 4Comparison of dobutamine and dopamine in acute myocardial infarction. Effects of systemic hemodynamics, plasma catecholamines, blood flows and infarct size.Circulation, Vol. 67, No. 4The metabolic role of endogenous catecholamines in acute myocardial infarction: Effects of reserpinization and of infused noradrenalineEuropean Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 88, No. 2-3Myocardial Lipids in Relation to Coronary Artery Disease in ManMyocardial Catecholamines and Their Biosynthetic Enzymes in Various Human Heart Diseases24 April 2009 | Acta Medica Scandinavica, Vol. 211, No. S660Impaired beta-adrenergic stimulation in the uninvolved ventricle post-acute myocardial infarction: Reversible defect due to excessive circulating catecholamine-induced decline in number and affinity of beta-receptorsAmerican Heart Journal, Vol. 101, No. 5Cardiac contractile and metabolic effects mediated via the myocardial H2-receptor adenylate cyclase systemResearch in Experimental Medicine, Vol. 179, No. 1Myocardial Catecholamines and Biosynthetic Enzymes in Various Heart Diseases of ManCatecholamines and β-Adrenergic Receptors in the Non-ischemic Myocardium After Coronary OcclusionAlpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction in arterial and arteriolar sections of the canine coronary circulationBasic Research in Cardiology, Vol. 75, No. 5Kontraktile Funktion des Restmyokards nach akutem KoronarverschlußEffect of Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors on the Electrical Activity of the HeartCatecholamines and the HeartAltered state of cardiac sympathetic nerves during immunologically induced anemiaEuropean Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 51, No. 2Die kontraktile Funktion des �berlebenden Herzmuskels nach Koronarverschlu�Klinische Wochenschrift, Vol. 55, No. 10Herabgesetzte sympathische Ansprechbarkeit des überlebenden Herzmuskels nach experimentellem InfarktExperimental myocardial infarction in the cat. I. Reversible decline in contractility of noninfarcted muscle.Circulation Research, Vol. 38, No. 6The Functional State of the Uninvolved Heart Muscle Following Experimental Myocardial InfarctionAntiarrhythmic Effect of Aprindine on Several Types of Ventricular ArrhythmiasJapanese Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 25, No. 5Changes in myocardial norepinephrine in indian domestic pigs after two-stage coronary ligationEuropean Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 27, No. 2Herabgesetzte Kontraktilität des nicht infarzierten Herzmuskels nach experimentellem InfarktAlterations of cardiac sympathetic neurotransmitter activity in congestive heart failureThe American Journal of Cardiology, Vol. 32, No. 4 More from this issue > Volume 220Issue 1January 1971Pages 27-32 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1971 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.220.1.27PubMed5538664History Published online 1 January 1971 Published in print 1 January 1971 Metrics