Advanced Energy Storage Technologies Research Articles

A Multielectron and High-Potential Spirobifluorene-based Posolyte for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries.

The rising energy demand driven by human activity has posed pressing challenges in embracing renewable energy, necessitating advances in energy storage technologies to maximize their utilization efficiency. Recent studies in aqueous organic redox flow batteriesfocused primarily on the development of organic negative electrolytes, while the progress in organic positive electrolytes remains constrained by limitations in their redox potentials and effective electron concentrations. Herein, we report a spatially twisted chlorinated spirobifluorene ammonium salts (CSFAs), created through an unexpected green chlorination-protection pathway during the initial cycling in flow battery, utilizing chloride ions from counterions in aqueous solution. The chlorinated, nonplanar spiral structure of CFSAs possesses a one-step four-electron transfer electrochemical property and offers exceptional resistance to nucleophilic attacks, exhibiting an unprecedented redox potential as high as 1.05 V (vs. SHE). A full redox flow battery based on CFSA-Cl (chloride ions as the counter ions) with 1.4 M electron concentration achieved an average coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.4% and a capacity utilization reaching 95% of the four-electron capacity for a stable cycling over 250 cycles (~22 days). The present work exemplifies the use of side reactions to develop new redox species, which can be extended to create more structurally versatile energy storage materials.

Thermodynamic and Exergoeconomic Analysis of a Novel Compressed Carbon Dioxide Phase-Change Energy Storage System

As an advanced energy storage technology, the compressed CO2 energy storage system (CCES) has been widely studied for its advantages of high efficiency and low investment cost. However, the current literature has been mainly focused on the TC-CCES and SC-CCES, which operate in high-pressure conditions, increasing investment costs and bringing operation risks. Meanwhile, some studies based on the phase-change CO2 energy storage system also have had the disadvantages of low efficiency and the extra necessity of heat or cooling sources. To overcome the above problems, this paper proposes an innovative compressed CO2 phase-change energy storage system. During the energy charge process, molten salt and water are used to store heat with a smaller temperature difference in heat exchangers, and high-pressure CO2 is reserved in liquid form. During the energy discharge process, throttle expansion is applied to realize the evaporation at room temperature, and CO2 absorbs the reserved heat to improve the power capacity in the turbine and the system energy storage efficiency. The thermodynamic and exergoeconomic studies are performed firstly by using MATLAB. Then, the parametric study based on energy storage efficiency, system unit product cost, and exergy destruction is analyzed. The results show that energy storage efficiency can be improved by lifting liquid CO2 pressure as well as compressor and turbine isentropic efficiencies, and CO2 evaporation pressure has the optimal pressure point. The system unit product cost can be reduced by decreasing liquid CO2 pressure and compressor isentropic efficiency, while CO2 evaporation pressure and turbine isentropic efficiency both have optimal points. Finally, the optimization of two performances is performed by NSGA-II, and they can reach 75.30% and 41.17 $/GJ, respectively. Moreover, the optimal energy storage efficiency is obviously higher than that of other energy storage technologies, indicating the great advantage of the proposed system. This study provides an innovative research method for a new type of large-scale energy storage system.

Sodium layered oxide cathodes: properties, practicality and prospects.

Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as an advanced electrochemical energy storage technology with potential to alleviate the dependence on lithium resources. Similar to Li-ion batteries, the cathode materials play a decisive role in the cost and energy output of SIBs. Among various cathode materials, Na layered transition-metal (TM) oxides have become an appealing choice owing to their facile synthesis, high Na storage capacity/voltage that are suitable for use in high-energy SIBs, and high adaptivity to the large-scale manufacture of Li layered oxide analogues. However, going from the lab to the market, the practical use of Na layered oxide cathodes is limited by the ambiguous understanding of the fundamental structure-performance correlation of cathode materials and lack of customized material design strategies to meet the diverse demands in practical storage applications. In this review, we attempt to clarify the fundamental misunderstandings by elaborating the correlations between the electron configuration of the critical capacity-contributing elements (e.g., TM cations and oxygen anion) in oxides and their influence on the Na (de)intercalation (electro)chemistry and storage properties of the cathode. Subsequently, we discuss the issues that hinder the practical use of layered oxide cathodes, their origins and the corresponding strategies to address their issues and accelerate the target-oriented research and development of cathode materials. Finally, we discuss several new Na layered cathode materials that show prospects for next-generation SIBs, including layered oxides with anion redox and high entropy and highlight the use of layered oxides as cathodes for solid-state SIBs with higher energy and safety. In summary, we aim to offer insights into the rational design of high-performance Na layered oxide cathode materials towards the practical realization of sustainable electrochemical energy storage at a low cost.

A reinforcement learning method for two‐layer shipboard real‐time energy management considering battery state estimation

AbstractIncreasing global environmental concerns encourage a continuous reduction in carbon emissions from the shipping industry. It has become an irreversible trend to replace traditional fossil fuels with advanced energy storage technology. However, an improper energy management leads to not only energy waste but also undesired costs and emissions. Accordingly, the authors develop a two‐layer shipboard energy management framework. In the initial stage, a shipboard navigation planning problem is formulated that considers battery state estimation and is subsequently solved using particle swarm optimisation to obtain an optimal speed trajectory. To track the scheduled speed, a reinforcement learning method based on a deep Q‐Network is proposed in the second stage to realise real‐time energy management of the diesel generator and energy storage system. This approach ensures that the state of charge remains within a safe range and that the performance is improved, avoiding excessive discharge from the energy storage systems and further enhancing the efficiency. The numerical results demonstrate the necessity and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Improvement of rate capability and cycle life of Na-NiCl2 battery via designing a graphene anchoring porous nickel nanostructures as cathode

The integration of renewable energy with advanced energy storage technologies is essential. The sodium-based batteries, particularly sodium-nickel chloride (Na-NiCl2) batteries, show promise due to the abundance and low redox potential of sodium (−2.7 V vs. SHE). Despite their advantages in terms of cost, safety, and high efficiency, the improvement of rate and cycling performance of Na-NiCl2 batteries remains a challenge. To address this issue, a Ni nanostructure-supported reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite is synthesized and combined with NaCl to serve as the cathode material for Na-NiCl2 batteries. Benefiting from the strong anchoring function of RGO, the growth of Ni is inhibited. As a result, the obtained cathode exhibits a notable specific capacity of 132.7 mAh/g at a high rate of 0.6C, along with excellent Coulombic efficiency of 100 % over 500 cycles and high energy efficiency (95.8 %). In addition, the outstanding conductivity, high specific surface area and abundant pore distribution of Ni@RGO contribute to enhanced conversion reaction and ion diffusion, and thus promoting rate capability. In contrast, the pure Ni nanosheets-based (Ni NSs) cathode is subjected to serious grain growth, which leads to poor rate performance and rapid capacity fading. By introducing conductive framework of RGO and constructing porous Ni nanostructure, the rapid electrons transport and diffusion of ions is achieved, and thus presenting the exceptional electrochemical properties.

Renewable Revolution: A Review of Strategic Flexibility in Future Power Systems

The global shift toward integrating renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is revolutionizing the energy landscape, presenting both opportunities and challenges for power system operations. This paper delves into the critical concept of power system flexibility, emphasizing the importance of maintaining reliable service amidst unpredictable fluctuations in supply and demand. Given the intermittent nature of renewable energy, this paper explores key aspects of flexibility, including generation, demand-side, and grid flexibility, and their roles in sustaining grid stability. Various strategies to enhance flexibility in future power networks are examined, such as advanced energy storage technologies, demand response programs, grid expansion and interconnection, sophisticated forecasting methods, and adaptive power generation. Additionally, this paper underscores the pivotal role of market and regulatory reforms in facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources and enhancing grid adaptability. By analyzing the benefits, limitations, and future prospects of each strategy, this work provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving energy sector. It highlights the necessity of aligning regulatory frameworks with sustainability and climate goals to navigate the complexities of this transition effectively.

An intellectual property analysis: advances and commercialization of low-dimensional carbon materials in batteries

There is a growing demand for energy consumption in society due to the increasing application of emerging technologies. Therefore, the need for the development of advanced energy storage technologies to cope with the rising energy demand is rising. Carbon materials play significant roles in energy storage technologies. In this review, the research progress and applications of low-dimensional carbon materials in batteries, including carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, are summarized. The performance of these materials is compared against traditional lithium-ion batteries with graphite, which has limitations in its bandgap and reversible capacity. A mini-intellectual property analysis and the advances and commercialization of low-dimensional carbon materials in batteries were provided. The challenges and limitations associated with using these materials as electrode materials were discussed, and a market overview of their commercialization was provided. Finally, future directions for research and development in this field were concluded. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of low-dimensional carbon materials as a promising research area for developing advanced batteries to meet the growing demand for energy consumption.

Two‐stage stochastic‐robust planning of distributed energy storage systems with Archimedes optimisation algorithm

AbstractWith the advancement of energy storage technologies, energy storage systems (ESSs) have emerged as a promising solution for distribution networks to mitigate the impact of intermittent and violate renewable energy sources. The optimal planning of distributed ESS is studied to minimise the investment and operational costs for the distribution system operator. To address the various uncertainties associated with load demand and distributed generation, the authors formulate the problem as a two‐stage stochastic‐robust optimisation problem. The proposed formulation implements various representative scenarios of actual operating conditions and constructs the robust uncertainty set to ensure feasibility under worst‐case scenarios. In view of the computational complexity of the proposed model, a solution approach combining the Archimedes optimisation algorithm and the global optimisation method is presented. By decomposing the investment and operation stages, the subproblems are relaxed into mixed integer second‐order cone programming models, which can be solved in parallel based on scenarios. Numerical studies are carried out on a 17‐node test system to demonstrate the validity of the proposed model and algorithm. In addition, a comparison between the proposed method and the genetic algorithm is performed, to illustrate its superiority in solving speed and solution optimality.

Excellent energy storage properties and multi-scale regulation mechanism of Sr(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3-(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 ceramics

With the rapid advancement of energy storage technologies, dielectric capacitor materials with the outstanding recoverable energy density and power density have garnered significant attention from researchers in the past decades. In this study, (1-x) (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3-xSr(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramics were prepared via a solid-state reaction method, and the impact of composition on their structure, energy storage performance and stability were investigated. The results revealed that the introduction of Sr(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 induced the ferroelectric-relaxor transformation of (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 ceramics, leading to the destruction of the long-range ferroelectric order and the formation of polar nanoregions. In addition, the 0.7(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3–0.3Sr(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramic exhibited the optimal comprehensive energy storage performance: its recoverable energy storage Wrec attained 8.19 J/cm3 at 650 kV/cm, while the energy storage efficiency η was 85.6 %. Meanwhile, it displayed exceptionally high power density (315.7 MW/cm3) and charge-discharge rate (t0.9 = 50.4 ns). Moreover, this ceramic demonstrated the impressive energy storage performance, in particular, good temperature stability across a wide range of temperatures (20–140 °C), frequency stability (1–200 Hz), and fatigue resistance (1–106 cycles). Finite element analysis showed an enhancement in the breakdown field strength of the ceramics was attributed to the reduction in grain size. First-principles calculations revealed that the band gap increased after adding Sr and Zr elements, and the interactions between the states of O 2p and Ti 3d, Zr 3d, Bi 6p may serve as the microscopic origin of electron energy level polarization and enhanced dielectric performance. Thus, the ceramics have great potential for the application in high-power pulsed electronic systems.

Synthesis of Wrinkled MoS2 Thin Films Using a Two-Step Method Consisting of Magnetron Sputtering and Sulfurization in a Confined Space

Considering the increasing need for sustainable and economical energy storage solutions, the integration of layered materials such as MoS2 into these systems represents an important step toward enhancing energy sustainability and efficiency. Exploring environmentally responsible fabrication techniques, this study assesses wrinkled MoS2 thin films synthesized from distinct Mo and MoS2 targets, followed by sulfurization conducted in a graphite box. We utilized magnetron sputtering to deposit precursor Mo and MoS2 films on Si substrates, achieving thicknesses below 20 nm. This novel approach decreases sulfur by up to tenfold during sulfurization due to the confined space technique, contributing also to avoiding the formation of toxic gases such as SO2 or the necessity of using H2S, aligning with sustainable materials development. Thinner MoS2 layers were obtained post-sulfurization from the MoS2 precursors, as shown by X-ray reflectometry. Raman spectroscopy and grazing X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the amorphous nature of the as-deposited films. Post-sulfurization, both types of films exhibited crystalline hexagonal MoS2 phases, with the sulfurized Mo showing a polycrystalline nature with a (100) orientation and sulfurized MoS2 displaying a (00L) preferred orientation. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results supported a Mo:S ratio of 1:2 on the surface of the films obtained using the MoS2 precursor films, confirming the stoichiometry obtained by means of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images revealed micrometer-sized clusters potentially formed during rapid cooling post-sulfurization, with an increased average roughness. These results open the way for the further exploration of wrinkled MoS2 thin films in advanced energy storage technologies.

DFT combined to Boltzmann transport theory for optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties investigations for Se (4 & 8 (at.%)) doped Li2SnS3

Cubic Li2SnS3 emerges as a noteworthy ionic conductor and a viable electrode material for lithium secondary batteries. Its application extends to solar cell technologies, owing to its commendable optoelectronic properties and high-power conversion efficiency. In this study, we present density functional theory (DFT)-based first principles calculations for Li2SnS3-xSex (x = 0, 4, and 8% (atomic percent (at.%)) utilizing the modified Becke Johnson (mBJ) approximations, proposing a compelling alternative. Our investigation reveals significant optical absorption in the ultraviolet region for Li2SnS3-xSex (x = 0, 4, and 8%), accompanied by modest effective mass and indirect band gaps of 2.18 eV for the pristine material. Conversely, doped materials exhibit direct band gaps, with values of 2.113 eV for 4% and 2.026 eV for 8%. Furthermore, the calculated thermoelectric power factor underscores the potential and efficacy of Li2SnS3-xSex in thermoelectric energy devices. The findings not only highlight the material’s promise for solar applications but also underscore its candidacy as a novel solid-state electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. This stems from its robust thermal stability and notable lithium-ion conductivity, positioning Li2SnS3 as a compelling candidate for advanced energy storage technologies.

Reshaping the energy landscape of Crete through renewable energy valleys

Renewable energy valleys (REVs) represent a transformative concept poised to reshape global energy landscapes. These comprehensive ecosystems transition regions from conventional energy sources to sustainable, self-reliant hubs for renewable energy generation, distribution, and consumption. At their core, REVs integrate advanced information and communication technology (ICT), interoperable digital solutions, social innovation processes, and economically viable business models. They offer a vision of decentralized, low-carbon landscapes accessible to all, capable of meeting local energy demands year-round by harnessing multiple renewable energy sources (RES) and leveraging energy storage technologies. This paper provides an overview of the key components and objectives of REVs, including digital integration through advanced ICT technologies and open digital solutions that enable the seamless management of RES within the REV. The social innovation aspect via the REV’s active communities is also examined, encouraging their participation in the co-design, implementation, and benefit-sharing of renewable energy solutions. In addition, business viability through sustainable business models central to the REV framework is proposed, ensuring affordability and accessibility to all stakeholders. The paper presents a case study of Crete, showcasing how the REV idea can work in real life. Crete utilizes various energy sources to become energy-independent, lower carbon emissions, and enhance system resilience. Advanced energy storage technologies are employed to ensure supply and demand balance within the REV. Situated on the picturesque island of Crete, Greece, it is pioneering the establishment of a Renewable Energy Valley ‘Living Lab’ (REV-Lab), integrating Community Energy Labs (CELs) as innovation hubs. This initiative exemplifies the REV model, striving to create a digitalized, distributed, and low-carbon landscape accessible to all residents throughout the year.

Fast Frequency Response for Future Low-Carbon Indian Power System: Challenges and Solutions

India has transitioned from being an energy-deficient nation to an energy-surplus nation. As of July 2023, India’s power system has seen a rapid transformation, with renewable energy, including large hydro, accounting for 40% of the total installed capacity at 177 GW. The ongoing energy transition has not only changed the country’s energy mix but also brought new challenges for system operators. The primary challenge is frequency instability due to the reduction of system inertia and governor-based primary frequency response (PFR) availability by large-scale integration of uncertain renewable energy resources (RES) such as wind and solar photovoltaic generators. Furthermore, the absence of frequency control ancillary services market, inadequate penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and uncertainty of RES generation enhance the complexity of the frequency response services in the Indian power system. In this context, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the frequency response challenges of the future low-carbon Indian power system and underlines the new potential fast frequency response (FFR) services from advanced energy storage and renewable generation technologies. Such FFR services can be swiftly deployed in low-inertia grids through the integration of energy storage systems and inverter-based resources in a shorter span. Modeling of FFR services in security constraint unit commitment (SCUC) can enhance grid resiliency and facilitate high penetration of RES in the Indian power system without loss of frequency stability.

Employing advanced control, energy storage, and renewable technologies to enhance power system stability

As the world witnesses a surge in the adoption of renewable energy sources to meet the surging global power demands, the dynamic and intermittent nature of these sources emerges as a significant hurdle. This article extensively explores the potential of advanced control systems, energy storage technologies, and renewable resources to fortify stability within power systems. Advanced control methodologies are strategically amalgamated with energy storage deployment and the utilization of renewable energy, to advance the reliability, predictability, and sustainability of power systems. The stability analysis, with a dedicated focus on Input-to-input-to-state stability (ISS), is conducted meticulously by applying the Lyapunov function and the Reciprocally Convex Approach, resulting in an impressive stability rate of 23.6%. Additionally, Positive Realness is substantiated by extracting Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) in the context of Enhancing Grid Stability with Wind Power. The study places particular emphasis on evaluating ISS and Passivity in both delayed and non-delayed systems, with a specific focus on neutral time-delay systems. This evaluation involves the selection of an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii Functional (LKF) and its derivation, coupled with the integration of reciprocally convex methods, descriptive approach, and Jensen inequality. The outcomes of these analyses shed light on the causes of excess energy and its effective storage, along with highlighting the synergistic impact of integrating renewable sources and controlling grid frequency, voltage, and power in real time. The study also accentuates the robustness achieved through Enhanced Stability and the mitigation of Reduced Fluctuations, especially in the context of renewable energy sources.

Effect Temperature for improving the Li-ion conductivity of Li7La3Zr2O12

This study investigates the dissociation behavior of water-soluble salts of Li and La and the unique behavior of Zr sources, resulting in the generation of Li+, La3+, and Zr4+ ions in aqueous solutions. The specific conductivity of calcined SG1 and SG2 displays temperature-dependent variations, with SG1 consistently exhibiting higher conductivity (2.08 x 10-4 S/cm) across the temperature range. The closed-packed structure facilitates the controllable mass transfer of lithium, enhancing ionic conductivity. The constructed LiFePO4/LLZO/AC device using these electrolytes demonstrates an impressive energy density of 1.95 Wh/kg and a power density of 144.92 W/kg, showcasing an excellent solid electrode-electrolyte interphase. Over 10,000 cycles, cyclic stability, with an average performance of 86%, underscores the potential of LLZO as a solid electrolyte for advanced energy storage devices. The sol-gel synthesis and densification strategy is a simple and effective method for obtaining lithium-rich LLZO electrolytes. The enhanced ionic conductivity and electrochemical performance of the solid-state device emphasize the practical viability of this approach, contributing to the sustainable development of advanced energy storage technologies.

Comprehensive Insights and Advancements in Gel Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Conversion.

Continuous worldwide demands for more clean energy urge researchers and engineers to seek various energy applications, including electrocatalytic processes. Traditional energy-active materials, when combined with conducting materials and non-active polymeric materials, inadvertently leading to reduced interaction between their active and conducting components. This results in a drop in active catalytic sites, sluggish kinetics, and compromised mass and electronic transport properties. Furthermore, interaction between these materials could increase degradation products, impeding the efficiency of the catalytic process. Gels appears to be promising candidates to solve these challenges due to their larger specific surface area, three-dimensional hierarchical accommodative porous frameworks for active particles, self-catalytic properties, tunable electronic and electrochemical properties, as well as their inherent stability and cost-effectiveness. This review delves into the strategic design of catalytic gel materials, focusing on their potential in advanced energy conversion and storage technologies. Specific attention is given to catalytic gel material design strategies, exploring fundamental catalytic approaches for energy conversion processes such as the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and more. This comprehensive review not only addresses current developments but also outlines future research strategies and challenges in the field. Moreover, it provides guidance on overcoming these challenges, ensuring a holistic understanding of catalytic gel materials and their role in advancing energy conversion and storage technologies.

Batteries boost the internet of everything: technologies and potential orientations in renewable energy sources, new energy vehicles, energy interconnection and transmission

Rechargeable batteries, which represent advanced energy storage technologies, are interconnected with renewable energy sources, new energy vehicles, energy interconnection and transmission, energy producers and sellers, and virtual electric fields to play a significant part in the Internet of Everything (a concept that refers to the connection of virtually everything in our physical world to the internet). This promotes the transition of energy to green, low-carbon, safe and efficient. In addition, many past studies had conducted extensive review studies for research on batteries in a disintegrated manner. For example, the studies on review of battery materials and battery states estimation are conducted individually. So far, there is no comprehensive and holistic perspective of battery research combining all different aspects such as materials, structure, manufacturing, and monitoring simultaneously. One possible reason is that the researchers from different backgrounds are working in their respective fields which may not be able to leap advantages of collaborative efforts of multidisciplinary fields for promoting true innovation in battery research. Based on this notion, this article illustrates the contribution of batteries in improving the Internet of Everything under the rapidly evolving living habits. This article also outlines an overview on the specific development of batteries in terms of materials, structure, manufacturing process, monitoring, recycling, service, sales, and policy from the stages of battery design, production, operation and maintenance, and recycling. Some important findings are as follows. Batteries are widely used in many scenarios related to our daily lives, such as automotive industry, aerospace industry, industrial equipment, and energy storage systems. The smart sensors, blockchain, cloud platform, and zero-carbon batteries are the four potential development orientations for smart batteries. A wide range of applications will be available for technologies such as wireless battery management system and reconfigurable battery in the future.

Metal–organic frameworks for next-generation energy storage devices; a systematic review

The future of renewable energy and sustainable transportation depends on advanced energy storage technologies.

Comparative analysis of lithium-ion and flow batteries for advanced energy storage technologies

This research does a thorough comparison analysis of Lithium-ion and Flow batteries, which are important competitors in modern energy storage technologies. The goal is to clarify their unique characteristics and performance measures. Lithium-ion batteries demonstrate superior energy density (200 Wh/kg) and power density (500 W/kg) in comparison to Flow batteries (100 Wh/kg and 300 W/kg, respectively), indicating their ability to store more energy per unit mass and provide higher power outputs. Flow batteries have a competitive advantage in terms of cycle life, providing a longer duration of 1000 cycles compared to Lithium-ion batteries, which only offer 500 cycles. In addition, although Lithium-ion batteries have a higher efficiency of 90% compared to 80% in Flow batteries, the latter exhibit a lower environmental impact with decreased CO2 emissions (30 g/kWh) and a lower toxicity rating. Lithium-ion batteries have lower material costs, amounting to $200 per kilowatt-hour (kWh). However, they entail higher installation costs of $5000 and maintenance costs of $200, when compared to Flow batteries, which have material costs of $150/kWh, installation costs of $8000, and maintenance costs of $300. In addition, Lithium-ion batteries demonstrate superior charging capabilities of 50 kW and discharging rates of 70 kW, surpassing Flow batteries which have charging rates of 30 kW and discharging rates of 40 kW, respectively. The findings of this study highlight the subtle advantages and compromises of Lithium-ion and Flow batteries in terms of different performance parameters. This information is crucial for making well-informed decisions when choosing energy storage technologies that meet specific application needs in a wide range of sectors, including portable electronics and grid-scale applications.

A comprehensive investigation of Ag7P3X11 (X = {O, S, and Se}) solid-state silver superionic conductors

This investigation rigorously analyzes and introduces a new class of high-performance inorganic solid-state electrolytes, formulated as Ag7P3X11 (X = {O, S, Se}), through comprehensive ab initio calculations, highlighting their potential for advanced energy storage technologies.