Advanced Visualization System Research Articles

Evaluating HIV-1 Infectivity and Virion Maturation across Varied Producer Cells with a Novel FRET-Based Detection and Quantification Assay.

The maturation of HIV-1 virions is a crucial process in viral replication. Although T-cells are a primary source of virus production, much of our understanding of virion maturation comes from studies using the HEK293T human embryonic kidney cell line. Notably, there is a lack of comparative analyses between T-cells and HEK293T cells in terms of virion maturation efficiency in existing literature. We previously developed an advanced virion visualization system based on the FRET principle, enabling the effective distinction between immature and mature virions via fluorescence microscopy. In this study, we utilized pseudotyped, single-round infectious viruses tagged with FRET labels (HIV-1 Gag-iFRET∆Env) derived from Jurkat (a human T-lymphocyte cell line) and HEK293T cells to evaluate their virion maturation rates. HEK293T-derived virions demonstrated a maturity rate of 81.79%, consistent with other studies and our previous findings. However, virions originating from Jurkat cells demonstrated a significantly reduced maturation rate of 68.67% (p < 0.0001). Correspondingly, viruses produced from Jurkat cells exhibited significantly reduced infectivity compared to those derived from HEK293T cells, with the relative infectivity measured at 65.3%. This finding is consistent with the observed relative maturation rate of viruses produced by Jurkat cells. These findings suggest that initiation of virion maturation directly correlates with viral infectivity. Our observation highlights the dynamic nature of virus-host interactions and their implications for virion production and infectivity.

Method for macro-microscopic damage observation of rock hydraulic fracturing based on dic and thin section techniques

This study conducted systematic studies and in-depth analyses of micromechanics of hydraulically induced crack propagation. This study introduced a method for observing macromicroscopic damage in rock hydraulic fracturing based on DIC and thin-section techniques. We developed an advanced sealed visualization system equipped with high-speed cameras and macrolenses to facilitate precise observation of the hydraulic fracturing process. Additionally, Digital Image Correlation was used to accurately track and analyze the evolution of fractures. Our methodology clearly distinguished between intergranular and transgranular cracks using polarized light microscopy, thereby offering novel insights into grain-scale damage and strain localization within crystalline rocks. This research contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying hydraulic fracturing at both the macroscopic and microscopic scales.

In-situ study on flow and rotation behaviors of coal particles near the burner plane in an impinging entrained-flow gasifier

The flow behaviors of the coal particles during coal gasification in the entrained-flow gasifier are closely related to the stable operation of the gasifier, while it is difficult to observe the particles during the operation of the gasifier due to the influence of high-temperature environment and complex atmosphere. In this study, based on a bench-scale opposed multi-burner (OMB) coal-water slurry (CWS) entrained-flow gasifier and an advanced visualization system composed of a high-temperature endoscope and a high-speed camera, the flow and rotation behaviors of the coal particles near the burner plane are investigated. The region near the burner plane is divided into jet zone and impinging core. The particle trajectories in the two zones are tracked. The particle velocity distribution and velocity fluctuation index are calculated. The particle rotation and flame oscillation behaviors are quantified. The results show that the proportion of total particle trajectories in the impinging core is higher than that of the jet zone. The velocity of the particles is mostly distributed in the range of 0–4 m/s. The particle fluctuation index in the impinging core is greater than that in the jet zone, indicating that the impinging flow is more unstable in comparison with the jet flow. The particle rotation angular velocity fluctuates within a certain range, while the fluctuation range of flame oscillation angular velocity is extremely great and can be easily disturbed by the flow field. For a single particle undergoing volatile oxidation, flame oscillation and particle rotation are isotropic. The flow field near the burner plane is reconstructed based on particle flow behaviors. The reconstruction results can be applied to verify the simulation of flow field.

Experimental study on motion and combustion of particle group in entrainment region toward entrained-flow gasification

The motion and combustion behaviors of the particle in the entrainment region are investigated with the bench-scale impinging entrained-flow coal-water slurry (CWS) gasification experimental platform and the advanced visualization system. The speed and size distribution of particle group, and the dynamic evolution of volatile flame are analyzed through the algorithmic and refinement processing of the image sequence. The particles moving at low speed (0–1 m/s) account for the largest proportion. The increasing oxygen flow rate declines the proportion of the particles moving at with low speed, while the average speed of particle group increases. The Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the particles shows an overall increasing trend under different operating conditions. The flame shape of the particles undergoing volatile combustion changes dynamically over time in aspects of flame area and flame orientation. The more injection amount of oxygen flow results in the greater the proportion of particles undergoes volatile combustion.

Helping to detect legal swimming pools with Deep Learning and Data Visualization

Abstract The municipalities have, as a primary responsibility, the administrative management of their territory. The use of geographic information systems (GIS) and orthophoto maps can help to handle this task. One of the great difficulties they face is related to the continuous and quick changes that the territory suffers, and whose inspection is challenging to support. An example of this is the maintenance of the swimming pool registration system, in order to validate or license them. Indeed, it requires a substantial manual intervention, yet. This paper describes a system prototype for helping on detecting swimming pools on aerial images. It explores and integrates artificial intelligence (AI), systems integration, GIS, and data visualization. The AI improves the detection of objects, and middleware supports the integration of the detection results with other municipality systems for georeferencing and private property data licensing data crossing. To the innovative interoperability services, visualization libraries were explored, and an advanced visualization and analysis system was constructed. A dataset of aerial images of swimming pools and correspondent classification metadata was created. The model was trained with several convolutional neural networks in order to obtain and compare the precision results. The more accurate model is described.

Effect of the eddies formed inside a weld pool on welding defects during plasma keyhole arc welding

In this study, the formation process of welding defects in plasma keyhole arc welding was investigated based on the formation of eddies inside the weld pool. An experimental approach using an advanced X-ray visualization system was employed to clarify this relationship. The results indicated that two large eddies are produced in the weld pool. One exhibits an upward tendency (upper eddy) and the other a downward tendency (lower eddy). The relative strength of each eddy significantly changed depending on the welding current through the change in the keyhole profile (shape and size). For a suitable welding current, the lower eddy was larger and much longer than the upper eddy. Virtually no welding defects were found out in the cross-section and longitudinal sections of the weld pool and keyhole. In the case of low current, the upper eddy was larger and longer than the lower eddy. Severe undercut and humping phenomena were observed on the top side. Contrarily, for a high welding current, the upper eddy disappeared to only form a significantly large lower eddy that covered the entire weld pool. Here, a severe concave defect on the top surface and a severe burn-through defect on the bottom side of the weld bead were seen. These results indicated that when the penetration ability of an arc on the base metal is sufficient, the relative strength of each eddy should be adjusted to a suitable scale with a larger downward eddy and smaller upward eddy. This can ensure a stable and high welding quality without welding defects.

Utilization of Anatomage Table Technology Enhances Knowledge, Comprehension, and Application of Human Anatomy and Physiology in Multiple Settings

The Anatomage Table (AT), an advanced anatomy visualization system utilizing radiographic images of cadavers, allows dissection and reversible manipulations of a virtual human cadaver. The Anatomage Table has enhanced learning by creating a hands‐on and interactive way to study anatomy, helping future health care providers comprehensively understand cross‐sectional anatomy and adjacent structures in an integrative approach compared to traditional text book images. Creating coronal, sagittal, and transverse sections of the human body systems enhances three‐dimensional analysis of gross anatomy and histology. Understanding regional anatomy, depth, and adjacent structures is paramount when performing medical procedures such as epidurals, endovascular cannulations, intubations, and peripheral nerve blocks. Comprehension of structures and their periphery help guide assessment techniques before invasive procedures. This table allows a user to capture images of regional anatomy for lecture presentations and develop in‐house digital textbooks. Furthermore, images created using the AT help Certified Registered Nurse Anesthesia students in distinguishing anatomical landmarks such as nerve plexuses, vertebrae, and vascular structures that correlate with anesthetic procedures. The Anatomage table serves as a magnificent tool in sharing the knowledge of anatomy and physiology among local community members. It is used in the Physiology Understanding Week outreach program to introduce anatomy to elementary school children. A pretest and posttest of anatomy knowledge implied that the elementary students scored higher after they were introduced to the AT compared to their scores before. The Anatomage Table has an unlimited potential to enhance student learning at many different levels from outreach to clinical practice.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

317 Patient Engagement through Advanced Pressure Visualization as a Component of Pressure Injury Prevention

Hospital acquired pressure ulcers represent one of the most frequent health care problems in clinical practice. Burn patients specifically pose a greater challenge due to loss of skin integrity, post-op positioning requirements and high levels of moisture. As an adjunct to unit based standard of care, a new technology was initiated to identify if pressure visualization will encourage patient engagement in repositioning as a component of pressure injury prevention. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the impact of a new advanced pressure visualization (APV) system on patient engagement through visual feedback where body areas are exposed to pressure. The definition of engagement for this purpose is from Gruman, et al, as “actions individuals must take to obtain the greatest benefit from the health care services available to them.” Patients in the Burn Center with intact cognitive awareness and the ability to see and respond to a color screen at the foot of the bed were included. An APV was installed on all beds, which included a pressure sensor mat inside the mattress connected to a display tablet mounted at the foot of the bed. This tablet displays their body image with continuous pressure readings utilizing a color gradient to exhibit pressure values. Patients were educated on the colors reflective of high- low pressures on their individual body image. The color display indicates specific pressure measurements: ‘red’ is >75mmHg, orange is 60-74mmgHg, yellow is 45-59mmHg, green is 30-44mmHg, light blue is 15-29mmHg and dark blue 1-14mmHg. Patients were asked to reposition themselves, or request repositioning assistance from the health care team, to an area of lesser pressure color when areas of high pressure colors (red, orange or yellow) were noted. Data from the APV device was utilized to determine reduction in peak pressure with patient repositioning. Data from 10 patients and 20 repositions were identified. Initial peak pressures shown by APV images, averaged 73.5 mmHg. The average reduction in peak pressure after the ten patients self-repositions was 41.25 mmHg. The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel prevention and treatment guidelines encourage patients to work with the health care team to develop an individualized pressure ulcer prevention plan. With APV, the patient can easily identify high areas of pressure and actively participate in pressure reduction measures. While patient engagement in this population resulted in reduced pressure, further research related to APV and patient engagement for the prevention of pressure injury is warranted.

Energy Harvesting in Microscale with Cavitating Flows.

Energy harvesting from thermal energy has been widely exploited to achieve energy savings and clean technologies. In this research, a new cost-effective and environment-friendly solution is proposed for the growing individual energy needs thanks to the energy application of cavitating flows. With the aid of cavitating jet flows from microchannel configurations of different sizes, it is shown that significant temperature rise (as high as 5.7 °C) can be obtained on the surface of the thin plate. The obtained heat energy could be integrated to a thermoelectric power generator, which can be used as a power resource for consumer devices, such as cell phones and laptops. To explore the difference in the temperature rise with different microtube diameters, namely, 152, 256, 504, and 762 μm, and also with different upstream pressures of 10, 20, 40, and 60 bar, the cavitation flow patterns are captured and analyzed using an advanced high-speed visualization system. The analysis of the captured data showed that different flow patterns exist for different diameters of the microtubes, including a pattern shift from micro- to macroscale, which accompanied the pattern of temporal results very well.

Qualitative Verification of Active/Passive Aerodynamic Improvements of Aero-Car

The main point of this paper is to investigate the qualitative verification of aerodynamic improvements of Aero-car. The active and passive improve methods are all considered. The advanced smoke flow visualization system is the main means to verify the vortical structures at the backside. The wake flow, which often causes resistance, is produced because of original structure. The purpose of the aerodynamic improvement in this study is mainly to eliminate or reduce the impact of this kind of structure. Results reveal the size of wake flow is smaller and the structure is also delay to develop. It is helpful for reducing fuel consumption, enhancing flight performance and increasing flight speed.

MARVIN: a medical research application framework based on open source software

This paper describes the open source framework MARVIN for rapid application development in the field of biomedical and clinical research. MARVIN applications consist of modules that can be plugged together in order to provide the functionality required for a specific experimental scenario. Application modules work on a common patient database that is used to store and organize medical data as well as derived data. MARVIN provides a flexible input/output system with support for many file formats including DICOM, various 2D image formats and surface mesh data. Furthermore, it implements an advanced visualization system and interfaces to a wide range of 3D tracking hardware. Since it uses only highly portable libraries, MARVIN applications run on Unix/Linux, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows.

Computer simulation of nonlinear phenomena in plasmas

Simulation Science is explored by developing Man-machine Interactive System for Simulation (MISSION), in which an advanced virtual reality visualization system is an important element. Plasma is an exemplar of a medium governed by complexity, and plasma physics research is evolving from a “static science” into a “dynamic science”. In this paper, a topic in Simulation Science on nonlinear behavior of plasma physics is picked up, specifically, energy relaxation phenomena. Three-dimensional simulations are executed to clarify physical mechanisms of relaxation activities that are observed in the spherical tokamak experiments. The simulation results predict an occurrence of self-organizing transition from an axisymmetric state to a stable n=2 helical state.

Quantum-Dynamical Picture of a Multistep Enzymatic Process: Reaction Catalyzed by Phospholipase A 2

A quantum-classical molecular dynamics model (QCMD), applying explicit integration of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (QD) and Newtonian equations of motion (MD), is presented. The model is capable of describing quantum dynamical processes in complex biomolecular systems. It has been applied in simulations of a multistep catalytic process carried out by phospholipase A 2 in its active site. The process includes quantum-dynamical proton transfer from a water molecule to histidine localized in the active site, followed by a nucleophilic attack of the resulting OH − group on a carbonyl carbon atom of a phospholipid substrate, leading to cleavage of an adjacent ester bond. The process has been simulated using a parallel version of the QCMD code. The potential energy function for the active site is computed using an approximate valence bond (AVB) method. The dynamics of the key proton is described either by QD or classical MD. The coupling between the quantum proton and the classical atoms is accomplished via Hellmann-Feynman forces, as well as the time dependence of the potential energy function in the Schrödinger equation (QCMD/AVB model). Analysis of the simulation results with an Advanced Visualization System revealed a correlated rather than a stepwise picture of the enzymatic process. It is shown that an sp 2→ sp 3 configurational change at the substrate carbonyl carbon is mostly responsible for triggering the activation process.

GIS for integrating environmental site remediation and compliance information

AbstractGIS and advanced visualization system technology for displaying underground conditions is being applied extensively to site investigations by federal agencies. Environmental compliance systems relating to emissions management, permitting, chemical inventory management, and traditional adherence to regulations have not received a comparable degree of application of GIS technology; they are being addressed by more traditional database management approaches. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate an integrated approach whereby a common database structure and GIS are used to manage both remediation and regulatory compliance data at large government facilities, and to provide access to information at a management level. The system integrates facility drawings, process flow diagrams, building drawings, photographs, MSDS documents, budgets, regulatory drivers, and remediation costs and schedule data within a common framework. The system also interfaces with high‐end and low‐end visualization software tools.

Development of OSIMS: an Oil Spill Information Management System

This paper presents the architectural design of OSIMS (Oil Spill Information Management System), which is an integrated information management tool consisting of an object-relational database management system, an intelligent decision support system, an advanced visualization system (AVS) and a geographic information system (GIS). OSIMS will handle large and diverse databases of environmental, ecological, geographical, engineering, and regulatory information and will be used for risk analysis and contingency planning.

Computerization of polymer matrix composite materials data and metadata

The Automotive Composites Consortium and ASTM are active in developing standards for the computerization of composite materials data and metadata. This paper describes the application of these emerging standards for polymer matrix composites and in particular those using graphite, aramid and glass fibres in both thermoset and thermoplastic matrix materials. A first generation advanced materials data visualization and integration system, M/VISION, has been completed for the collection and exchange of composite material properties data. Information is separated into test, design, and analysis categories with all data types stored as relational databases. The use of existing technical data exchange standards including the Automotive Composites Consortium's for collecting test data are discussed.

The hybrid emergency: multiple risk and hazard in marine transportation: The Greenwich forum, Royal United Services Institution, London, 7 June 1985

This paper presents the architectural design of OSIMS (Oil Spill Information Management System), which is an integrated information management tool consisting of an object-relational database management system, an intelligent decision support system, an advanced visualization system (AVS) and a geographic information system (GIS). OSIMS will handle large and diverse databases of environmental, ecological, geographical, engineering, and regulatory information and will be used for risk analysis and contingency planning.