Advanced Transmission Technologies Research Articles

Strategic Siting of Hydroelectric Power Plants to Power Railway Operations with Renewable Energy

The present study explores the strategic siting of hydroelectric power plants, focusing on the Miyanaka Intake Dam (MID) and Shinano River Hydroelectric Power Station (SHP). Built in 1939 to support Tokyo’s railway electrification, these facilities demonstrate the complexities of balancing renewable energy production with ecological conservation. Despite the high costs and energy losses associated with transmitting power from the Sea of Japan side, the SHP has effectively powered Tokyo’s rail system for over 80 years, owing to advanced transmission technologies and the region’s abundant water resources. However, river-crossing structures such as dams disrupt fish migration and habitats, necessitating the implementation of fishways. The MID fishway, continually improved since its construction, emphasizes the importance of integrating ecological considerations into hydropower projects. Our findings highlight the higher power generation efficiency on the Sea of Japan side and stress the need for careful site selection to ensure sustainable hydroelectric power while preserving river ecosystems. In conclusion, hydropower sites should be chosen based on both environmental impacts and future development potential to maintain the ecological balance and support long-term renewable energy goals.

Data Transmission Technologies and Networks: A Review

Data transmission is the process of transmitting digital information from one device to another over a network. With the increasing demand for high-speed data transmission and the proliferation of connected devices, the development of advanced data transmission technologies and networks has become crucial. This paper reviews the most commonly used data transmission technologies and networks, including wired and wireless technologies, and highlights their advantages and limitations.

Advanced insulating materials contributing to “carbon neutrality”: Opportunities, issues and challenges

Advanced insulating materials contributing to “carbon neutrality”: Opportunities, issues and challenges

System Resource Allocation and Rural Industry Revitalization Based on Max-Min Algorithm.

At this stage, the research hotspots on wireless multimedia sensor networks mainly include MAC protocol, network security, and node positioning. Research on resource allocation is scarce. Due to the lack of an effective wireless resource allocation strategy, even the most advanced transmission technology will not be able to fully utilize its unique advantages due to unreasonable resource allocation. Therefore, in-depth research on wireless resource allocation strategies is of great significance for the better application of wireless transmission technology. The entire network uses OFDMA mechanism to divide time slots. According to this method, resource allocation can be divided into intercluster and intracluster, and then the Max-Min subcarrier allocation algorithm is innovated and perfected to ensure maximum information transmission speed and throughput and promote information data efficient transmission. Based on the research of wireless sensor system resource allocation technology, China has emphasized industrial prosperity as the key point in its rural revitalization strategy, and doing a good job in technological innovation and industrial innovation is of great significance to economic development. At this stage, the capacity of rural industrial economic development is poor, and the economic level of most rural areas is not high. This situation is inseparable from problems such as limited industrial development and insufficient technological innovation capabilities. In order to promote the prosperity of rural industries and achieve the goal of rural revitalization, we must proceed from the fundamentals and give priority to solving the outstanding problems encountered in the process of rural industrial revitalization. Promoting the revitalization of rural industries can effectively solve the current plight of agricultural development and is an inherent requirement for rural prosperity and the country's prosperity. Aiming at the problems in the process of restricting the revitalization of rural industries, this article adheres to the principle of integrating theory with practice and puts forward practical and feasible measures to solve the problem in a targeted manner.

5G-Enabled IIoT Framework Architecture Towards Sustainable Smart Manufacturing

With the rapid growth of advanced technologies in the manufacturing sector, a revolution in manufacturing systems is underway and smart manufacturing and its sustainability are becoming the key components towards the fourth industrial revolution. In this context, the IIoT (industrial internet of things), represents a bridge between the digital and physical environment by providing an interactive relation between smart devices and machines also through data sharing. Therefore, it creates a working environment where decisions are made in real-time.The huge data amount generated through the manufacturing system, the high reliability, low latency, and high connectivity demands of IIoT-enabled intelligent manufacturing system requires an advanced wireless transmission technology that goes far beyond the 3rd and 4th generation mobile network. 5G is the most appropriate communication technology for this new IIoT enabled smart manufacturing system’s requirements.Based on the requirements of sustainable smart manufacturing and the characteristics of the 5G wireless communication, this paper proposes a 5G-enabled IIoT framework architecture towards a sustainable smart manufacturing environment, that will allow the support of manufacturers and smart factories in the industrial 4.0 revolution. This is by improving while enhancing efficiency, process and product quality, and sustainability in the whole manufacturing system. Besides, the security threats and challenges of the 5G-IIoT enabled smart manufacturing are also analyzed.

A survey on advanced transmission technologies for high bandwidth and good signal quality for high-speed railways

Ahigh-speedrailway (HSR) has gained very high popularity for passengersdue to the fast, reliable, economical and convenient during traveling a verylong-distance journey. Thedemandfor advancedbroadbandservices such aswatching4K movies, cloud computing andonline gaming, has exponentiallyincreased fortravelerson thehigh-speedtrain(HST).The HSTcan’t providegood bandwidth to facilitate these services for travelers via existingtechnologies such as cellular networksand satellite networks because offrequent handoffs, high penetration and fading.So, the bandwidth degradesdramatically due to these issues. Research workers have developed proposalsto handle these problems by advanced transmission technologies for HSR.Until now,varioustransmissionschemeshave beensuggestedby researchworks with thefocusfor either high bandwidth or signal qualityimprovement. This paper presents a survey on advanced transmissiontechnologies for high bandwidth and good signal quality. In this paper, acomprehensive survey of the appropriate literature published that concentrateon advanced transmission methods in HSR communications in getting higherbandwidth efficiency and maximize the signal quality is presented. Advancedtransmission method can be categorized into orthogonal frequencydivisionmultiplexing (OFDM), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and radio-over-fiber (RoF).

VSC-HVDC Interties for Urban Power Grid Enhancement

Urban power grids are facing many operational and expansion challenges to meet further demand growth and increased reliability requirements. Advanced transmission technologies have been considered by the electric utilities to effectively increase the utilization of existing infrastructure and operational flexibility. The focus of this paper is on VSC-HVDC technologies for urban power grid enhancement and modernization. First, a potential technical scheme is proposed for converting an existing AC circuit to DC operation, which could boost the power transfer capability of the critical transmission corridor and increase network operational flexibility. Second, this paper proposes three operation modes for the VSC-HVDC interties in urban power grids corresponding to normal, emergency and island operating conditions, respectively. An integrated, adaptive emergency control strategy (AEC) is proposed that can enable adaptive power flow responses of the VSC-HVDC intertie under varying system operating conditions and critical contingencies. The flexibility and effectiveness of the proposed operational principles of urban VSC-HVDC intertie and the corresponding control strategies are verified in PSCAD/EMTDC using a realistic urban power grid in China.

A tutorial on cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access networks

In this paper, we explore the possibilities and advantages of cooperative relaying with the addition of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). First, the possibilities of NOMA for fifth-generation (5G) and beyond networks is discussed followed by the generalized structures for the cooperative NOMA. Then, advanced NOMA communication is investigated where NOMA is integrated with advanced transmission technologies for the further improvement in cooperative NOMA. Hereinafter, resource allocation is investigated and, finally, the major challenges and issues are highlighted.

Cooperative NOMA: State of the Art, Key Techniques, and Open Challenges

In this article, we investigate the integration of NOMA into cooperative relaying. We first introduce several fundamental cooperative NOMA network structures, and then classify them into two categories: user relaying and dedicated relaying. After that, we discuss the combination of cooperative NOMA with various advanced transmission technologies, such as full-duplex, cognitive radio, energy harvesting and multiple-input multiple-output. Following this, we focus on system evaluation and resource allocation of cooperative NOMA. Finally, major challenges and open issues are highlighted.

An AML SupTech Solution for the Mexican National Banking and Securities Commission (CNBV) - R2A Project Retrospective and Lessons Learned

Supervisory Technology (SupTech) is poised to effect a paradigm shift in the fight against financial crime. SupTech-based data architectures that combine advanced data transmission, storage, and analytical technologies have the potential to dramatically enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and predictive power of traditional AML approaches, or supplant them altogether. In addition to automating many of the manual tasks in traditional methods, such as painstakingly reconciling FIs’ suspicious activity reports, supervisors can now leverage Big Data applications to scrutinize the raw transactional and customer data themselves drawing on historical and real time data. Cutting down on preparation and travel time for data collection frees up time and resources for deeper off-site analysis and more frequent on-site inspections. Dynamic and interactive dashboards helps supervisors visualize data in novel ways and draw insights that might have been previously hidden, which also helps to make investigations more targeted. Similarly, innovative machine learning models allows regulators and supervisors to identify new patterns of suspicious activities not detectable by manual analysis. This case studies describes the CNBV’s prototype developed under the auspices of R2A, which demonstrated large efficiency gains that could be reaped from a full-scale roll-out of this solution, particularly in time saved from routine manual work. Data collection and processing that required weeks and days of manual work under the traditional approach can now be completed in minutes and seconds. New analytical models also delivered concrete results that supervisors can already use to improve anomaly detection. With more data mining and machine learning, these models are likely to uncover more illicit activity or even predict money laundering before it happens.

BBR-CWS: Improving the Inter-Protocol Fairness of BBR

TCP congestion control adjusts the sending rate in order to protect Internet from the continuous traffic and ensure fair coexistence among multiple flows. Especially, loss-based congestion control algorithms were mainly used, which worked relatively well for past Internet with low bandwidth and small bottleneck buffer size. However, the modern Internet uses considerably more sophisticated network equipment and advanced transmission technologies, and loss-based congestion control can cause performance degradation due to excessive queueing delay and packet loss. Therefore, Google introduced a new congestion control in 2016, Bottleneck Bandwidth Round-trip propagation time (BBR). In contrast with traditional congestion control, BBR tries to operate at the Kleinrock’s optimal operating point, where delivery rate is maximized and latency is minimized. However, when BBR and loss-based congestion control algorithms coexist on the same bottleneck link, most of bottleneck bandwidth is occupied by flows that use a particular algorithm, and excessive packet retransmission can occur. Therefore, this paper proposes a BBR congestion window scaling (BBR-CWS) scheme to improve BBR’s inter-protocol fairness with a loss-based congestion control algorithm. Through Mininet experiment results, we confirmed that fairness between BBR-CWS and CUBIC improved up to 73% and has the value of 0.9 or higher in most bottleneck buffer environments. Moreover, the number of packet retransmissions was reduced by up to 96%, compared to the original BBR.

Unified multiple access structure based on FBMC modulation for multi‐RAT coexistence in heterogeneous wireless networks

With the evolution of the fifth generation (5G) and beyond heterogeneous wireless networks, telecommunications operators and researchers are driven to develop advanced transmission technologies that enable the coexistence of multiple radio access technologies (multi-RATs). By employing the efficient implementation of filter-bank multi-carrier (FBMC) transceiver and the scalable matrix transformation (SMT) module, in this study, a unified multiple access architecture termed as FBMC-SMT is proposed, which is capable of flexibly integrating with both 3G and 4G transmission schemes and improving the system performance. As a special case of FBMC-SMT, the performance evaluation of FBMC-CDMA is conducted by extensive simulation. It is verified that FBMC-CDMA with 16 subbands allocated outperforms the traditional single carrier wideband code division multiple access when the number of code channels assigned is larger than 5. Moreover, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio analysis of FBMC-SMT is also given and matches the simulation results very well. Hence, the proposed FBMC-SMT can serve as a unified architecture to flexibly integrate multi-RATs, thus to meet variable application requirements in 5G and beyond heterogeneous wireless networks.

Performance Analysis of Cooperative Aerial Base Station-Assisted Networks With Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

The use of aerial base stations (ABSs) is gaining attention due to its potentials to provide a flexible wireless coverage in adverse scenarios. Investigations on key performance metrics are desirable to ensure the feasibility of these ABS-assisted networks, especially when they are jointly designed with advanced transmission technologies, e.g., cooperative transmissions and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). In this paper, we consider an ABS-assisted cooperative system with NOMA enabled to boost connectivity ability. It is assumed that multiple ABSs hover around a macro base station to relay downlink signals to user equipments, while interfering nodes are randomly distributed on the ground. We assume a more realistic channel model featured with a distance-related probabilistic line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight propagation, as well as non-identical small-scale fading. We derive the outage probability, and study the impacts of various parameters on the system performance. Numerical results unveil that: 1) The reliability of backhauls plays an important role in the system and determines the outage performance floor. 2) Joint transmissions from the sky can bring in a significant performance enhancement for the system. 3) The NOMA based transmission outperforms the traditional orthogonal multiple access with an improved outage performance, provided a properly selected NOMA power allocation coefficient.

Data-Oriented Transmission in Future Wireless Systems: Toward Trustworthy Support of Advanced Internet of Things

Future wireless systems will need to support diverse big data and Internet of Things (IoT) applications with diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. Novel designs across the protocol stack are required for effective and efficient QoS provision. We introduce here a unique data-oriented approach for the design and analysis of advanced wireless transmission technologies. In our approach, unlike the conventional channel-oriented approach, we optimally design transmission strategies for individual data-transmission sessions, considering both the QoS requirement and the instantaneous operating environment. The resulting design can effectively satisfy highly stringent performance and efficiency requirements of future wireless applications.

A Subtransmission Metropolitan Power Grid: Using High-Voltage dc for Enhancement and Modernization

Power demand in large or mega cities is increasing as the world urbanizes. Metropolitan transmission networks are continuously upgrading to meet the growing demand for power and to replace old-style generation with local renewable generation and power supplies from cleaner external sources. The cost of land and its scarcity make it difficult to secure new rights-of-way for traditional-style transmission lines. As power transmission levels increase, the risk of exceeding the short circuit capability of existing switchgear equipment as well as other network components becomes a major constraint to the expansion of power networks. Strategies to enhance urban transmission networks must address all of these issues and prioritize solutions that may be easily located within urban boundaries and have short lead times from decision to commercial operation. Advanced transmission technologies can effectively increase the capacity, efficiency, and utilization of existing infrastructure and improve grid resiliency under extreme contingencies or catastrophic events. These technologies have been considered and implemented by electric utilities for urban grid enhancement and modernization.

Industrial IoT in 5G environment towards smart manufacturing

Abstract Smart manufacturing based on cyber-physical manufacturing systems (CPMS) has become the development trend and been widely recognized all over the world. Throughout the development trend of CPMS, one of the key issues is industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) with the characteristics of automation, smart connected, real-time monitoring, and collaborative control. Along with the permeation and applications of advanced technologies in manufacturing, massive amounts of data have been generated in the manufacturing process. However, the current 3th generation mobile network (3G), 4G and other communication technologies cannot meet the demands of CPMS for high data rate, high reliability, high coverage, low latency, etc., which hinders the development and implementation of CPMS. As a future advanced wireless transmission technology, 5G has a significant potential to promote IIoT and CPMS. Based on the architecture and characteristics of 5G wireless communication technology, this paper proposes the architecture of 5G-based IIoT, and describes the implementation methods of different advanced manufacturing scenarios and manufacturing technologies under the circumstances of three typical application modes of 5G, respectively, i.e., enhance mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC). Besides, the characteristics, key technologies and challenges of the 5G based IIoT are also analyzed.

Toward Plug-and-Play Software-Defined Elastic Optical Networks

Advances in transmission technologies and control plane solutions are driving the introduction of spectrally-efficient ultrahigh rate superchannel transmissions. Modulation format, forward error correction/coding, and carrier spacing represent the key transmission parameters to configure in order to obtain efficient network resource utilization according to the specific optical path requirements. So far, several studies have mainly addressed the efficient configuration of a single selected transmission parameter. Instead, the topic of the combined configuration of the whole set of parameters still requires significant investigations, particularly in the case of automatic configuration procedures. In this study, we first review the aforementioned transmission parameters in terms of their adaptation capabilities. Then, a novel procedure for effective configuration of the whole set of transmission parameters is presented. The procedure, besides modulation format and coding configuration, includes a novel self-adaptation technique for the carrier spacing in a superchannel transmission. Moreover, the technique relies on a novel software-defined networking control to reoptimize the superchannel frequency slot width. The technique has been successfully validated in a field trial where a 1 Tb/s superchannel of eight subcarriers has been automatically adapted from a frequency slot width of 200 GHz to a more efficient slot width of 175 GHz, without traffic disruption.

A Cycle-Based Formulation and Valid Inequalities for DC Power Transmission Problems with Switching

It is well known that optimizing network topology by switching on and off transmission lines improves the efficiency of power delivery in electrical networks. In fact, the USA Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Section 1223) states that the United States should “encourage, as appropriate, the deployment of advanced transmission technologies” including “optimized transmission line configurations.” As such, many authors have studied the problem of determining an optimal set of transmission lines to switch off to minimize the cost of meeting a given power demand under the direct current (DC) model of power flow. This problem is known in the literature as the Direct-Current Optimal Transmission Switching Problem (DC-OTS). Most research on DC-OTS has focused on heuristic algorithms for generating quality solutions or on the application of DC-OTS to crucial operational and strategic problems such as contingency correction, real-time dispatch, and transmission expansion. The mathematical theory of the DC-OTS problem is less well developed. In this work, we formally establish that DC-OTS is NP-Hard, even if the power network is a series-parallel graph with at most one load/demand pair. Inspired by Kirchoff’s Voltage Law, we provide a cycle-based formulation for DC-OTS, and we use the new formulation to build a cycle-induced relaxation. We characterize the convex hull of the cycle-induced relaxation; this characterization provides strong valid inequalities that can be used in a cutting-plane approach to solve the DC-OTS. We give details of a practical implementation, and we show promising computational results on standard benchmark instances.

Establishment of Dynamic Lightpaths in Filterless Optical Networks

In this paper, we study the performance of dynamic routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) in filterless optical networks. These types of broadcast and select networks benefit from breakthroughs in advanced transmission technologies for replacing optical filters and active photonic switching devices, such as wavelength selective switches, with passive optical interconnections between nodes, creating passive optical light trees. We introduce an RWA scheme for establishing passive optical lightpaths in a filterless context and managing unfiltered channels at intermediate egress nodes, which, by propagating downstream of the terminating nodes, participate in wavelength usage and increase the risk of wavelength exhaustion. Simulation results are presented for six network topologies, along with the performance evaluation of active photonic and filterless optical network solutions with static and dynamic RWA schemes. We show that the performance of the proposed scheme depends on the average degree of node connectivity.

MIMO for DVB-NGH, the next generation mobile TV broadcasting [Accepted From Open Call

DVB-NGH (Digital Video Broadcasting - Next Generation Handheld) is the next generation technology for mobile TV broadcasting, which has been developed by the DVB project with the most advanced transmission technologies. DVB-NGH is the first broadcasting standard to incorporate multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) as the key technology to overcome the Shannon limit of single antenna communications. MIMO techniques can be used to improve the robustness of the transmitted signal by exploiting the spatial diversity of the MIMO channel, but also to achieve increased data rates through spatial multiplexing. This article describes the benefits of MIMO that motivated its incorporation in DVB-NGH, reviews the MIMO schemes adopted, and discusses some aspects related to the deployment of MIMO networks in DVB-NGH. The article also provides a feature comparison with the multi-antenna techniques for 3GGP's LTE/LTE-Advanced for cellular networks. Finally, physical layer simulation results calibrated within the DVB-NGH standardization process are provided to illustrate the gain of MIMO for the next generation of mobile TV broadcasting.