Advanced Technology Industries Research Articles

Synthesis and Characterization of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Series of Laboratory Experiments.

The following laboratory procedure provides students with hands-on experience in nanomaterial chemistry and characterization. This three-day protocol is easy to follow for undergraduates with basic chemistry or materials science backgrounds and is suitable for inclusion in upper-division courses in inorganic chemistry or materials science. Students use air-free chemistry procedures to synthesize and separate iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and subsequently modify the nanoparticle surface by using a chemical stripping agent. The morphology and chemical composition of the nanoparticles are characterized using electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements. Additionally, magnetic characterization of the particles is performed using an inexpensive open-source (3D-printed) magnetophotometer. Possible modifications to the synthesis procedure, including the incorporation of dopants to modify the magnetic response and alternative characterization techniques, are discussed. The three-day synthesis, purification, and characterization laboratory will prepare students with crucial skills for advanced technology industries such as semiconductor manufacturing, nanomedicine, and green chemistry.

AI-powered Solution for Plant Disease Detection in Viticulture

In an era dominated by the intersection of advanced technology and traditional industries, the domain of agriculture is on the verge of a revolutionary transformation. This article introduces a solution for vineyard producers, harnessing satellite imagery, weather data, and deep learning (DL) to identify vineyard diseases robustly. This solution, designed for proactive plant health management, stands as a transformative tool towards digital viticulture. Such tools transition from luxuries to essentials as vineyards confront evolving challenges like climate change and new pathogens. Our research builds on the hypothesis that customising deep learning architectures for specific tasks is crucial in enhancing their effectiveness. We contribute by introducing a tailored convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, developed specifically for the classification of plant diseases using vineyard imagery. The experimental results demonstrate that our custom CNN architecture exhibits performance on par with established state-of-the-art models like ResNet50 and MobileNetV2, underscoring the value of specialized solutions in addressing the unique challenges of viticulture. This paper introduces an overview of the solution’s architecture, presents the implementation of DL modules with their corresponding results, and describes use case scenarios.

The role of trust in open innovation collaboration: the experience of polish medium-high-tech SMEs

This paper contributes to an emerging debate on open innovation ecosystems and knowledge sharing in the innovation environment, by sharing insights on the role of trust in open innovation collaboration. Systematization of the state of art literature on the innovation networks show that trust is crucial for improving competition among Polish companies, yet its seems to have not an important place in the innovation environment. The main purpose of the research is to determine the role of personal traits, including trust, in the initiation of the potential open innovation collaboration. The study applies the qualitative survey method and shares up-to-date empirical evidence from Polish high- and high-mid-tech small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study was conducted using the computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) method, in collaboration with the ARC Rynek i Opinia company, from January to April 2021. The study covers 100 SMEs active in advanced technology industries. The results reflect the opinions of middle- to high level managers. The study findings show that there is a need for a deeper understanding of the factors behind trust-embedded open innovation collaboration, and the perception of open innovation as a win-win game for all the partners. Better understanding of these factors will ensure more effective communication in developing an open innovation environment in Polish SMEs. The study findings also indicate the need for an active role of key stakeholders and intermediary agents in facilitating formal and informal networks stimulating mutual trust, as well as the importance to build the educational system enabling the strengthening of the creativity, and the diffusion of innovations.

Enhancement of the rheological properties of magnetorheological foam via different constraint volumes foaming approach

The potential of magnetorheological (MR) foam, a recently developed porous smart material, has grown rapidly in recent years. The ability of MR foam to change its properties continuously, actively, and reversibly in response to a controlled external magnetic stimulus is one of its advantages for applications in advanced technology industries. However, its ability to store energy is still relatively low. This study attempts to address this drawback by highlighting a method to improve this ability by enhancing the material's storage modulus by introducing constrained foaming during the fabrication process. MR foam containing 75 wt% carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) was prepared in situ using two foaming approaches: free and constrained foaming. The effect of constraint foaming on the storage modulus enhancement was further investigated by reducing the mold length by 25 % and 50 %. The rheological properties of the fabricated MR foam samples were then examined using a rheometer in both the absence and presence of magnetic fields in an oscillatory shear mode. Thus, this study showed that constraint foaming has successfully improved the properties, especially regarding storage modulus and MR effect. When the mold volume was further reduced by 50 %, the storage modulus increased by about 50 % compared to a free-foaming MR foam at off-state conditions. Meanwhile, the results portrayed a higher storage modulus value under a 0.659 T magnetic field. This positive enhancement was believed to be due to a more compact CIP distribution. Hence, constraint volume MR foams were able to form stronger chain-like structures. The micrograph analysis by digital microscope revealed that the pore size decreased as the mold length was reduced. A shorter mold resulted in a more compact distribution of magnetic particles. As a result, MR foam with constrained foaming, especially at 50 % mold length, has a higher storage modulus. Overall, using constrained foaming to fabricate MR foam could improve the structure and mechanical properties of MR foam for a wide range of smart devices.

New frontiers in embryo selection.

Human infertility is a major global public health issue estimated to affect one out of six couples, while the number of assisted reproduction cycles grows impressively year over year. Efforts to alleviate infertility using advanced technology are gaining traction rapidly as infertility has an enormous impact on couples and the potential to destabilize entire societies if replacement birthrates are not achieved. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, leveraged by the highly advanced assisted reproductive technology (ART) industry, are a promising addition to the armamentarium of tools available to combat global infertility. This review provides a background for current methodologies in embryo selection, which is a manual, time-consuming, and poorly reproducible task. AI has the potential to improve this process (among many others) in both the clinician's office and the IVF laboratory. Embryo selection is evolving through digital methodologies into an automated procedure, with superior reliability and reproducibility, that is likely to result in higher pregnancy rates for patients. There is an emerging body of data demonstrating the utility of AI applications in multiple areas in the IVF laboratory. AI platforms have been developed to evaluate individual embryologist performance; to provide quality assurance for culture systems; to correlate embryologist's assessments and AI systems; to predict embryo ploidy, implantation, fetal heartbeat, and live birth outcome; and to replace the current "analogue" system of embryo selection with a digital paradigm. AI capability will distinguish high performing, high profit margin, low-cost, and highly successful IVF clinic business models. We think it will become the standard, "new normal" in IVF labs, as rapidly and thoroughly as vitrification, blastocyst culture, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection replaced their predecessor technologies. At the time of this review, the AI technology to automate embryo evaluation and selection has robustly matured, and therefore, it is the main focus of this review.

Linking Advanced Technology Industry 4.0 to Environmental Management Accounting (Ema): Impact on Environmental Performance

Sustainability has become vital today as stakeholders demand more information related to the company's environmental and social performance. In order to gather eco-efficient data, companies need to have a good infrastructure or appropriate system for data gathering and sharing in the supply chain. Prior researchers have discussed the use of environmental management accounting (EMA) as one of the tools that can provide environmental information that helps in dealing with environmental issues. Nevertheless, environmental information may not be shared effectively due to poor communication links and the inconsistency of information systems. The motivation to conduct this study is to examine factors that can be solutions to several challenges discovered by prior studies to effectively implementing EMA. Besides that, there are mixed discussions on previous research suggested examining factors that influence the EMA adoption to enhance environmental performance. One of the recent issues is the rise of advanced technology from the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), which was discussed briefly in recent prior studies. Prior research highlighted advanced technology under Industry Revolution (IR) 4.0 might enhance environmental information. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of advanced technology Industry 4.0 on the adoption of EMA leads to the improved environmental performance of the Malaysian electrical and electronic industry. Keywords: Environmental management accounting (EMA), advanced technology Industry 4.0, industrial revolution 4.0, environmental performance

국내 항공기 제조 기업의 시장역량이 시장지향성과 지속가능 경쟁우위에 미치는 영향: 협력업체 유통정보에 초점을 둔 시장지향성의 매개효과

The effects of market capabilities and market orientation of organizations have been extensively discussed and empirically examined in the process of explaining sustainable competitive advantage. Previous studies have found the positive effects of market capabilities and market orientation on various organizational outcomes, including sustainable competitive advantage. However, these relationships have not been discussed in one of the most advanced technology industries, the aircraft manufacturing industry. This study aimed to empirically analyze the effect of the market capabilities of aircraft manufacturers located in Busan and western Gyeongsangnam-do in Korea on market orientation and sustainable competitive advantage. In addition, this study examined the mediating effect of market orientation on the relationship between the market capabilities and sustainable competitive advantage. Based on previous studies on marketing strategy, this study included competitor orientation, customer orientation, intelligence generation, intelligence dissemination, and intelligence responsiveness as sub-variables of the market capabilities of aircraft manufacturers. The data were collected from a total of 454 employees through questionnaires and empirical analyses were conducted. The results of analyzing the validity and reliability of all variables were confirmed to meet the standard. As a result of the analyses, it was found that all five sub-variables of market capabilities of aircraft manufacturers have a positive effect on market orientation. That is, when the levels of competitor orientation, customer orientation, intelligence generation, intelligence dissemination, and intelligence responsiveness were increased, the level of market orientation was also increased. It was also found that sub-variables of market capabilities except for intelligence generation had a positive effect on sustainable competitive advantage. When the level of competitor orientation, customer orientation, intelligence disseminations, and intelligence responsiveness were increased, the level of sustainable competitive advantage of organizations was also increased. However, it was found that the level of intelligence generation of the organizations had no statistically significant relationship with the level of sustainable competitive advantage of organizations. Finally, it was found that the market orientation of aircraft manufacturers has a positive effect on sustainable competitive advantage, and mediates the relationship between the market capabilities of aircraft manufacturers and sustainable competitive advantage. That is, as the market capabilities of aircraft manufacturers such as competitor orientation, customer orientation, intelligence dissemination, and intelligence responsiveness were increased, the level of market orientation of aircraft manufacturers was also increased, and in turn, the level of sustainable competitive advantage was also increased. The results of this study have theoretical implications in that they provide evidences the relationship between competitor orientation, customer orientation, intelligence generation, dissemination, and responsiveness, market orientation, and sustainable competitive advantage of aircraft manufacturers. The results of this study are somewhat consistent with those of previous studies which have been conducted in other industries. Therefore, the results of this study contribute to reinforce the role of market capabilities and market orientation in explaining sustainable competitive advantage of companies. In addition, the results of this study have implications for distribution studies in that market capabilities and market orientation of companies are related to the distribution strategy or channel-related competency and the activities on distribution information of the partner companies. The results of this study confirming the effect of market capability and market orientation on a company

Application of industry 4.0 technology in containing Covid-19 spread and its challenges

The pandemic of Covid-19, an epidemic outbreak created many challenges and increased the demand for medical equipments, medicines, and related accessories and most of them had to be imported from abroad. The advanced information technology (Industry 4.0) was considered imperative to track and monitor the spread of the SARS-2 Virus that is Covid-19. A detailed review of literature is done to understand the challenges and the remedial action taken so far during the Covid-19 epidemic outbreak had been gone through using appropriate search engines and databases like Google-search, Science Direct, Scopus, Research Gate, and relevant blogs. The case reports were also considered in this study. We have found ten significant challenges (barriers) and identified several useful technology of industry 4.0 to control and manage the Covid-19 pandemic. This research paper is an attempt to examine and discuss the application of 4.0 technologies in containing the pandemic outbreak. Ten challenges were identified and those could be overcome by promptly applying appropriate technologies of industry 4.0 to control the spread of virus. These technologies help to educate and communicate the public and make them aware of the hazardous attack of Covid-19 virus when properly used.

Correlations between trust, cooperation, norms and values in high-tech enterprises in Wielkopolska region

Purpose: The aim of the article is to analyze the results of research on the interdependencies between cooperation, trust, as well as norms and values, as key elements of social capital in high-tech enterprises in Wielkopolska Region. Design/methodology/approach: The analyzes carried out covered 51 enterprises belonging to advanced technology industries, including 41 small and 10 medium-sized ones. The research was conducted using the interview method, using a questionnaire and supported by the CATI technique. The obtained data were subject to further analysis and statistical inference. They consisted in determining the mutual dependencies for the three resources of social capital, i.e. trust, norms and values as well as cooperation (jointly creating the social capital of these enterprises) and their components. The relationships were determined based on the calculated Pearson's linear correlation coefficients. Findings: Based on the conducted analyzes, it is legitimate to conclude that the designated level of cooperation, norms, values and trust are closely related. For all combinations of the indicated resources, the determined Pearson's linear correlation coefficients are statistically significant with a probability of 0.05. Also, many combinations of the components of these resources are correlated with each other. Practical implications: The application dimension of the article is perceived in at least two possibilities. Firstly, for business representatives, it can be a valuable source of information on the key factors in the appreciation of social capital in a company. Secondly, on the basis of the calculated correlations, the article gives the opportunity to review the most important relationships between these components, which may also be useful from the point of view of the appreciation of social capital in the enterprise. It is also worth emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature by combining the scientific and application aspect, which can be used at the level of company management. Originality/value: This work deals with an original approach to social capital, both due to the conceptualization of the concept of social capital and its components, as well as the interrelationships between its components. It is also worth emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of the work, combining the scientific and application aspects that can be used at the level of company management. Moreover, the methodology described in the research process may be used in enterprises operating in industries other than high-tech.

An Approach to AI-Enhanced Patent Analysis for Emerging Advanced Technology Industries

We utilized an AI-enhanced patent search tool and demonstrated its applicability to an emerging technological field where searches relying upon CPC codes and keywords may generate high numbers of false positives. We have chosen quantum technology as the technical domain for this study because it contains various sub-fields of technology that cannot be neatly classified within CPC classes. To demonstrate the power of our AI-enhanced approach we produced insights from the dataset generated by the AI tool to analyze the distribution of international technical knowledge and the relative positions of global competitors in the patent landscape of quantum technology.

PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF THE GHANA INVESTMENT PROMOTION CENTRE (GIPC) IN PROMOTING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN GHANA

The purpose of the study was to examine the prospects and challenges of the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC) in promoting foreign direct investment in Ghana. Descriptive survey research design was employed for this study. The populations of interest for this study are staff and management of GIPC. Convenience sampling method was adopted. The main instrument that was used to gather data was an open-ended questionnaire. The study found that the GIPC is mandated to formulate investment promotion policies and plans, promotional incentives and marketing strategies to attract foreign and local investments in advanced technology industries and skill-intensive services which enjoy good export market prospects; initiate and support measures that will enhance the investment climate in Ghana for both Ghanaian and non-Ghanaian enterprises. The study found inadequate infrastructure, inhospitable regulatory environments, macroeconomic instability, inadequate Employees, inadequate support from Investors and financial challenge as the major challenges facing GIPC in promoting FDI. Moreover, the study also found the following as the strategies that can be used to effectively to promote FDI in Ghana; providing financial support to GIPC, getting enough infrastructure to facilitate the activities of the Centre, appointment of qualified staff to occupy positions in the GIPC, employing more employees to help GIPC to effectively carry out its mandate, registration should be relatively easy and the entire process of establishing a business in Ghana should not be complex, provision of hospitable regulatory environments, ensuring macroeconomic stability, investment generation and facilitation and reducing minimum equity requirements

Diversification of the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in EU

Abstract The high-technology sector has a particular importance in the development of modern national economies. It affects both the level of competitiveness and innovation. This was a prerequisite for the study to assess the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in the European Union (EU) countries. The starting point of the discussion was the definition of the concept of competitiveness, the competitive position of the advanced technology industry, and the classification of the high-tech sector. Based on the selected indicators, the competitive position and the rank of countries have been established. As for this, the indicators of the export share of the advanced technology sector in the intra-export market, the profitability of the high-tech sector, and the degree of export–import coverage were used. Based on the adopted indicators, a synthetic indicator of a competitive position has also been calculated which enabled determination of the most competitive country in the EU in reference to the industry. This enabled the identification of factors influencing the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in the EU member countries.

Compacting Voxelized Polyhedra via Tree Stacking

AbstractVolume compaction is a geometric problem that aims to reduce the volume of a polyhedron via shape transform. Compactable structures are easier to transport and in some cases easier to manufacture, therefore, they are commonly found in our daily life (e.g. collapsible containers) and advanced technology industries (e.g., the recent launch of 60 Starlink satellites compacted in a single rocket by SpaceX). It is known in the literature that finding a universal solution to compact an arbitrary 3D shape is computationally challenging. Previous approaches showed that stripifying mesh surface can lead to optimal compaction, but the resulting structures were often impractical. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that cuts the 3D orthogonal polyhedron, tessellated by thick square panels, into a tree structure that can be transformed into compact piles by folding and stacking. We call this process tree stacking. Our research found that it is possible to decompose the problem into a pipeline of several solvable local optimizations. We also provide an efficient algorithm to check if the solution exists by avoiding the computational bottleneck of the pipeline. Our results show that tree stacking can efficiently generate stackable structures that have better folding accuracy and similar compactness comparing to the most compact stacking using strips.

Internet of Things (IoT) is Smart Homes and the Risks

Undoubtedly is a technological revolution that has certainly focused on the interest of software development companies, companies of IT, hardware design, networks and artificial intelligence. A technological revolution that started a few years ago and has evolved rapidly, thanks to the technological evolution of IT and networks. It is a combination of many communication protocols, sensors and other intelligent technologies, the correlation between smart technologies, networks and services that all together complete processes in order to achieve the result for which they were installed. In advanced technology countries, both simple users and industry use IoT where sensors are simplified and automated at home and in industry, there is continuous monitoring, control and prediction of product failure for the benefit of efficient production of high quality products and control production at each stage of product processing / production. Someone could well think and say that all this is fantastic and that we have solved the problem of organization, easy life without further thoughts and worries since everything is done automatically.An IoT in an intelligent house could literally regulate everything, using sensors and appropriate software could talk with a human person, as well as someone could appropriately entice all that security and literally take full control of the premises of a home with consequences from minimal to catastrophic including the complete destruction of a home.

A Study of 4G Network for Security System

In this paper there is an overview of some standards and security models which are implemented in such an IP-based and heterogeneous networks and we also present some security models in an open environment and finally we obtain that as a result of the nature of 4G networks there are still more security holes and open issues for expert to notice. Our survey shows that a number of new security threats to cause unexpected service interruption and disclosure of information will be possible in 4G due mainly to the fact that 4G is an IP-based, heterogeneous network. Other than that, it tells about the security issues and vulnerabilities present in the above 4G standards are discussed. Finally, we point to potential areas for future vulnerabilities and evaluate areas in 4G security which warrant attention and future work by the research and advanced technology industry.

Main Features of Advanced Technology Industries in Lithuania

The process of Lithuanian economics transformation underwent the evident shifts of manufacturing industry’s structure having faced the drastic decline of demand for produced commodities after 1991. The traditional sectors were more flexible to adapt to changes of market demand, thus, they became prevailing Lithuanian industry’s sectors distinguished by low technological susceptibility. Nevertheless, the development of advanced technology industries in Lithuania still remains an actual and relevant scientific issue. The practice of foreign countries’ economic development reveals the role of advanced technology industries, which are expected to play an important part in the functioning and development of the economy. The competitive abilities of advanced technology industries are facilitated by stimulating the progress of science, technique and innovations, sustaining the investment into the scientific research on new products and technology renovations. The aim of the article is to reveal the main features of the performance of Lithuanian advanced technology industries and analyse the changes of the main indicators which make up the profile of these industries. However, the empirical study revealed that development of advanced technologies in Lithuania, except chemical industry, is still a slow process, thus, the issue considering their potential remains an actual problem. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s1p158

Is K-IFRS Accounting Information Quality Different by Industries?

The vast change of business environment in recent times requires a strong need to enhance accounting consistency and quality throughout the world. To meet this demand Korea has adopted IFRS(International Financial Reporting Standards) for all listed public companies from the year 2011. However, the effects of application of IFRS on financial reporting quality has been inconsistent. Further, since IFRS emphasizes economic substance and accounting principles, it has been considered that the application of IFRS will have different impact in different industries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of IFRS application on the quality of accounting information in different industries. This study examine the quality of accounting information in different industries for KSE(Korean Stock Exchange) listed companies during years from 2007 to 2013(three years before adoption of IFRS in 2011 and three years since IFRS adoption). Using discretionary accruals calculated with modified Jones model, this study examine by industries the difference between actual and tentative earnings and the prediction error of current accruals. This study documents that after IFRS adoption the quality of accounting information improved in general. Analysis of discretionary accruals by industries shows that accounting quality is higher in production industry. Discretionary accruals is lower in advanced technology industries, implying accounting quality in those industries is higher. Also, this paper provides an evidence that manufacturing industries exhibits higher accounting quality, whereas cultural industry(ind-16) appears to have poor accounting quality. After IFRS adoption, companies in the similar categories of industries appears to use similar accounting procedures. These findings suggest that to increase the comparability of accounting information it is demanding to establish category-oriented accounting principles and practices which can reflect the economic substances of the each business category.

Comparison of Comparative Advantage of Korea and China by Technology Level

In this paper, we examine the comparative advantage of Korea and China while focusing on their technology level. The three digit SITC (Standard International Trade Classification) data is classified by technology level and the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) is derived from 1992-2009 by using UN COMTRADE data. For careful interpretation of the comparative advantage and technology levels, we also examined intra-industry trade and unit values of bilateral Korea-China trade, and semi-conductor industry technology. We found that the revealed comparative advantage has moved from low technology products to high technology products in Korea. China still maintains a comparative advantage in low technology products such as textiles and clothing, but at the same time, China’s high and medium-high technology products have recently gained a comparative advantage. The perception that China only has a comparative advantage for labor intensive products with low technology should be changed based on our analysis. However, China’s advancement in technology should not be overestimated. When comparing the unit value of basic materials of Korea’s and China’s exports, we found that Korea’s export product prices are on average higher than that of China’s, although the gap is reducing. A wider technology gap between Korea and China still exists in the semi-conductor industry, which is one of the most advanced high technology industries throughout the world.

Comparison of Comparative Advantage of Korea and China by Technology Level

In this paper, we examine the comparative advantage of Korea and China while focusing on their technology level. The three digit SITC (Standard International Trade Classification) data is classified by technology level and the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) is derived from 1992-2009 by using UN COMTRADE data. For careful interpretation of the comparative advantage and technology levels, we also examined intra-industry trade and unit values of bilateral Korea-China trade, and semi-conductor industry technology. We found that the revealed comparative advantage has moved from low technology products to high technology products in Korea. China still maintains a comparative advantage in low technology products such as textiles and clothing, but at the same time, China’s high and medium-high technology products have recently gained a comparative advantage. The perception that China only has a comparative advantage for labor intensive products with low technology should be changed based on our analysis. However, China’s advancement in technology should not be overestimated. When comparing the unit value of basic materials of Korea ’ s and China ’ s exports, we found that Korea ’ s export product prices are on average higher than that of China ’ s, although the gap is reducing. A wider technology gap between Korea and China still exists in the semi-conductor industry, which is one of the most advanced high technology industries throughout the world.

Factors affecting the correlation between interactive mechanism of strategic alliance and technological knowledge transfer performance

The purpose of this study is an attempt to find out the factors affecting the correlation between interactive mechanisms of strategic alliance and technological knowledge transfer performance. The study is conducted through a research survey by questionnaire on six major advanced technology industries. This study used the multivariate analysis and LISREL model to verify the relations between the variables. A total of 109 respondents were samples. The result of the study indicated that “interactive mechanism of strategic alliance” positively and significantly correlates with “technological knowledge transfer performance”. “Characteristics of dominant knowledge” positively correlates with “interactive mechanism of strategic alliance”. “Organizational learning” positively and significantly correlates with “interactive mechanism of strategic alliance”. “Discrepancy of involvement of resources by the alliance partners” negatively and significantly correlates with the “interactive mechanism of strategic alliance”. “Discrepancy of involvement of resources by alliance partners” negatively and significantly correlates with “technological knowledge transfer performance”.