Advanced Soybean Lines Research Articles

Assessment of genetic diversity of vegetable soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] in R6 and R8 stages

India is a major soybean producer, but vegetable soybean (Edamame) is cultivated in very limited areas due to a lack of variety awareness and adaptive practices. To promote growth, a targeted breeding program is crucial, but inadequate research on the genetic diversity of edamame hinders progress. The analysis of 80 advanced soybean lines derived from crosses between grain and vegetable-type germplasm lines revealed significant correlations between seed yield, seed weight, and 100-seed weight at R6 and R8 stages. Principal component analysis further supported these findings, emphasizing traits crucial for identifying genotypes with hybridization potential. Promising lines, particularly from crosses MACS-1188 × AGS-459 and JS-SH-93-05 × Swarna Vasundhara, may be very useful in developing better-adapted, high-yield edamame varieties, fostering wider acceptance and consumption

A BREEDING STUDY TO DEVELOP EARLY MATURING SOYBEAN CROSSES SUITABLE FOR DOUBLE CROPPING

The present research was undertaken to evaluate of soybean hybrids environmental interaction and adaptability on Mediterranean region conditions. Seven advanced (F7) soybean lines selected from the Kunitz x SS-201 and Kunitz x Bert cross populations based on earliness and yield characteristics in the preliminary trials and three soybean varieties (Bravo, Nova and Arisoy) were tested in the trial in four replications in 2017 and 2018 in accordance with the RCBD. The analysis of variance revealed significant variations for all characters. According to results, the yield of lines and varieties 2017 and 2018 varied from 2.87-4,47 t ha-1 and 2.61-3.90 t ha-1 respectively and KS-39 advanced soybean line had the highest grain yield in terms of two years average. The number of flowering days varied between 32.50 days and 36.75 days according to the two-year averages, and the KS-12 genotype was the earliest flowering genotype. The lines KS-10 (103.38) and KS-12 (103.50) came to the fore as the genotypes with the earliest maturation days. With this study, it has been concluded that promising genotypes can be obtained in regions dominated by the Mediterranean climate zone (especially the Aegean coastline), and soybean cultivation can be done in double crop agriculture within the cropping system.

Salinity-induced Changes In Growth, Physiology And Yield Of Soybean Genotypes

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is mostly grown in the coastal region of Bangladesh, where salinity is a threat for potential harvest. So far there is no salt tolerant variety. In order to extricate high salt tolerant soybean genotypes, 13 selected advanced soybean lines, namely BD 2342, AGS 313, G 00207, Galarsum, G 00209, G 00343, G 00028, G 00221, G 00283, AGS 95, G 00062, G 00041 and BD 2330 along with two varieties viz. BU Soybean 2 and Shohag were grown in pots under polyvinyl house at BSMRAU, Gazipur during February to June 2021 following completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The plants were exposed to seawater of electrical conductivity (EC) of 5 dSm-1 and 10 dSm-1 from 2nd trifoliate stage till harvest, where control pots were irrigated with tap water (0.3 dSm-1). Results indicated that there was no significant variation in days to first flowering but significant variation was observed in maturity duration among the genotypes. In saline conditions BD 2330, G 00028 and AGS 313 survived longer days which were 96.36%, 80.29%, and 79.53% days to control at 10 dSm-1, respectively compared to other genotypes. Plants of other genotypes died earlier before reaching maturity, especially at 10 dSm-1. The genotype AGS313 expressed maximum leaf relative water content (RWC) at 5 dSm-1 salinity (97.51% of control), while BD2330 showed the highest RWC at 10 dSm-1 salinity (94.76%). The SPAD value showed stable or an increasing trends in BD 2330, AGS 313 and G 00028, where it was in decreasing trend in other genotypes under saline conditions. Unexpectedly, the leaf K-Na ratio did not show any significant relationship with the salt-tolerance among the genotypes. In case of number of filled pods/plant BD2330 produced the maximum (23.33) at 5 dSm-1 salinity, while the genotype AGS313 showed the highest (16.0) at 10 dSm-1 salinity. Genotypes other than BD2330, AGS313 and G00028 did not perform well in pod set, 100-seed weight and grain yield/plant under saline conditions, even at 5 dSm-1. However, even at the highest salinity (10 dSm-1) the genotypes G00028, BD2330 and AGS313 produced 2.0, 1.9 and 1.83 g/plant seeds, respectively. Whereas, most of the genotypes did not produce any seed at 10 dSm-1. It may be concluded that the genotypes BD2330, AGS313 and G00028 were relatively salt tolerant than other tested genotypes, and can be used as potential genetic resources for further field trials. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2022) 26 (1) : 29-48

Identification and grouping of pod shattering resistance and agronomic characters performance from several soybean advanced lines

The use of pod-shatter resistant variety is considered effective in reducing yield loss in soybeans. This study aimed to identify and grouping of pod shattering resistance and agronomic characters performance from several advanced soybean lines. The field experiment was conducted in Blitar (Indonesia) from January to April 2021, using 20 soybean advanced lines and two check cultivars. The laboratory study to identify the pod shattering resistance based on the oven-dry method was conducted in the Breeding Laboratory of ILETRI, Malang. The pod shattering resistance of 20 advanced lines was classified into five very resistant genotypes, three resistant genotypes, two moderate genotypes, nine susceptible genotypes, and a very susceptible genotype. The pod shattering resistance has a significant negative correlation with the pod width (r = -0.472*). A wider pod resulted in a low percentage of shattering. The agronomic performance varied among all genotypes. Selection for pod shattering resistance and agronomic performance obtained two lines (G511H/Anjas//Anjas///Anjas-3-1 and Dega/Degra-2-105) as high yielding and very resistant to pod shattering. Those lines were suggested to be tested across diverse environments to determine their yield potential and stability.

Bazı İleri Soya (Glycine max. L.) Hatlarının Şanlıurfa İkinci Ürün Koşullarında Verim ve Kalite Özellikleri Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi

Bu çalışma, bazı ileri soya hatlarının Şanlıurfa ikinci ürün koşullarında performanslarının belirlenmesi amacıyla 2018-2019 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, melezleme yöntemiyle geliştirilmiş olan 12 ileri hat (Antjc-17,Antwa-20, Antwa-4, Antjc-14, Batem-210, Antjc-15, Antwa-2, Batem-204, Batem-316, Antsoy-2, Antjc-20, Antjc-23) ve 3 standart çeşit (Kocatürk, Göksoy, Adasoy) materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, GAP Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Gündaş Araştırma istasyonunda 2018-2019 yıllarında iki yıl üst üste yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, çiçeklenme gün sayısı, fizyolojik olgunluk gün sayısı, bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, verim ve bin tane ağırlığı gibi morfolojik özelliklerin yanında ham protein ve ham yağ gibi kalite özellikleri de incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; bitkide ilk bakla yüksekliği (p<0.05) dışında incelenen tüm özellikler bakımından soya hatları arasında istatistik olarak oldukça önemli (p<0.01) farklar tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen soya genotiplerin arasında tane verimi 171,4-560,1 kg da-1 bitki boyu 67.6-126,6 cm, ham protein oranı %28.9 ile 39.9, ham yağ oranı %18.1 ile 23.6 ve bin tane ağırlığı 125,8-179,4 gr arasında değişmiştir.

GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS OF GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN SOYBEAN GROWN AS A SECOND CROP

The study was aimed to evaluate the adaptability and stability of the soybean genotypes based on the seed yield and the other observed characteristics in the sites cultivated second crop soybean of Turkey which have Mediterranean climate conditions using the GGE biplot analysis method. The experiments were performed under irrigated conditions in 2014, 2015 and 2016 in four different locations (Adana, Antalya, Izmir and Sanliurfa) of Turkey. Fourteen soybean genotypes consisting of 10 advanced soybean lines and four standard varieties were analyzed by a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The combined analysis of variance revealed significant (P<0.01) effects for all sources of variation (environment, genotype, and G×E interaction) for the seed yield and yield components. Genotype and environment accounted for about 2.59% and 51.04% of the total variation for seed yield, respectively, while the GE interaction explained 20.84% of the total variation. According to the GGE principle, five mega-environments were formed in the present study. Results of the research revealed that genotypes G8 (KANA), G9 (KASM 02), G11 (ARISOY), G3 (BATEM 306), G1 (BATEM 207) and G12 (ATAEM 7) were found as stable. According to GGE Biplot analysis for all traits and genotypes, G4 (BATEM 317) had the largest values for plant height, first pod height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and seed yield.

ADAPTATION ABILITIES AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF SELECTED SOYBEAN LINES UNDER DOUBLE CROPPING IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION

The objective of this study was to determine the adaptation abilities and quality parameters of selected advanced soybean breeding lines at the double cropped growing conditions. 20 advanced Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] breeding lines (F7) and four soybean varieties having maturity group III and IV (ARISOY, ATAEM-7, BRAVO and NOVA) were used. The differences between the lines and varieties were significant for the grain yield. The mean grain yield of breeding lines and varieties ranged from 2460 to 3488 kg ha-1 and from 2933 to 3440 kg ha-1, respectively. Also KA-07-05-13 advanced soybean line had the highest grain yield in terms of two years’ average. The highest plant height was obtained from KA-07-08-15 (82.2 cm) and the lowest pod height from KA-07-08-15 (12.2 cm) and BDNA-19 (12.1 cm) lines. Significant differences were determined for pod number per plant among the 24 soybean genotypes. The pod number per plant was the higher in BDNA-12 and BDNA-13 lines than the varieties. In this research, the number of day for flowering varied between 33.0-42.1 days and the number of days for maturating ranged from 102.4 to 113.6 days. The earliest flowering time was detected from KA-07-08-14 line and the earliest maturating time was observed from BDNE-14 line. In a two-year average, 100-seed weight ranged between 14.2 -20.8 g in breeding lines. The highest 100-seed weight was obtained from KA-07-03-5 (20.8 g) and KA-07-03-9 lines (20.1 g). While the highest oil percentage was obtained from ARISOY, the highest and statistically same oil percentage was recorded from KA-07-05-9 (21,6%), KA-07-08-12 (21,2%) and KA-07-05-5 (21,2%). The average protein content of soybean lines and cultivars varied from 41.6% to 49.3%. The higher protein percentage value was obtained from the BDAF-4 (49.3%) breeding line.

Resistance of Advanced Soybean Lines to Pod Borrer (Etiella zinckenella Treitschke)

&lt;p&gt;The increasing and stabilizing of soybean product in Indonesia face many limitations. One of the limiting factors is pod borrer (&lt;em&gt;Etiella zinckenella&lt;/em&gt; Treitschke) infestation that is able to cause yield loss up to 80%. Objective of the research was to find out some advanced soybean lines that resistant to pod borrer. Design was randomized completely block with three replications. Soybean lines were grown gradualy to ensure the simultanously flowering. The plants were caged at 35 days after planting (DAT) and infested with the imago of &lt;em&gt;E. zinckenella&lt;/em&gt; at 56 DAT. Results showed that different soybean lines affected imago population, eggs population, larvae population, infected pods and infected seeds. Some genotypes were consistantly resistant to &lt;em&gt;E. zinckenella&lt;/em&gt;. The resistance of those genotypes were non preference resistance based on eggs population, larvae population, infected pod and infected seeds. This study discovered nine soybean lines that resistant to &lt;em&gt;E. zinckenella&lt;/em&gt;, so that it can be beneficial for improving soybean resistance to this pest through releasing as a new pod borer resistant variety after tested further in potential yield and genetic x environment interaction trials. In addition, there were three varieties and two germplasm accessions that can be used as gene sources for improving the resistance of the varieties. The three varieties are able to be cultivated directly in farmer field to decrease the &lt;em&gt;E. zinckenella &lt;/em&gt;occurrence. &lt;/p&gt;

Investigation of the Effects of Plant Density and Planting Date on the Quantitative and Qualitative Yields of Two Advanced Soybean Lines

A split split plot experiment in the format of randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in the experimental field of the Islamic Azad University of Qaemshahr in 2010. The treatments included the planting dates (28th April and 14th June) as the main plot, the soybean lines 032 and 033 as the sub plot, and the plant density (20, 28 and 40 plants per square meter) as the sub-sub plot. Results obtained showed that the plant density was only significant concerning the features of the number of seeds and the number of pods per plant, the planting date was also only significant regarding the harvest index, the percentage seed oil content was also just influenced by the cultivar used and by the mutual effects of the planting date and the cultivar and also by the mutual effects of the planting date and the cultivar. The summer crop was superior to the spring crop in all the features studied, because it seemed that the high temperature and the very little rainfall before and after pollination and flowering reduced seed and pod formation in the spring crop, as compared to the summer crop. In most of the features studied, line 033 performed better than line 032. Moreover, the most desirable density for obtaining the highest seed and oil yield was 20 plants per square meter, because at this density features such as the number of seeds per plant, the number of pods per plant, the 100-seed weight, and seed oil content were superior. Soybean planted after harvesting wheat (i.e. the summer crop) exhibited greater potential regarding seed yield as compared to the crop planted after harvesting canola (i.e. the spring crop).

Estimation of soybean genetic progress in the South of Brazil using multi-environmental yield trials

The success of a genetic breeding program in a certain period can be assessed by the genetic gain observed. Genetic progress can be estimated from the multi environmental trials (MET) data which are routinely carried out by annual species breeding programs for the assessment of new commercial cultivars. A data set of 20 years of MET of advanced soybean lines derived from four breeding programs was used to estimate and to compare the genetic gains obtained for three soybean maturity groups (early, medium and late) in four cropping regions of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The estimated yield gains ranged from 0.0 to 71.5 kg ha-1 year-1 (3.49% per year), depending on the maturity group and region, which suggests that the genetic breeding effort does not have a similar effect among the maturity groups or benefit the regions equally. There was no evidence of genetic progress for the early maturity group in any of the four regions, whereas gains in Regions I and IV were comparatively greater than those in Regions II and III. The objectives of the soybean breeding program in the region should be redirected. Since not all the experimental lines used to estimate genetic gains were commercially released, the reported genetics gains were achieved by the breeding programs rather than those achieved by the cropping systems.