Advanced Russian Research Articles

VIII season of the UralEndo forum Tobolsk plenary session, April 26-27, 2024

The article is dedicated to the plenum of the leaders of the UralEndo forum, held on April 26-27, 2024 in Tobolsk - the city that is rightfully the spiritual heart of the Urals and western Siberia, the cultural and historical center of Russia, where the current state tasks of primary health care development are closely intertwined with the tasks of preserving the best traditions of domestic medicine for the benefit of patients and our native country! In brief overview of the plenum events, the main topics are briefly presented, the achievements and problems of endoscopy in the huge Ural region are summarized, the main working tasks of the forum for the near future are formulated with reference to modern promising methods of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment based on advanced Russian and international experience of their introduction into broad clinical practice at all levels of medical care, starting from the primary level.

Methodical Potential of Using ChatGPT in Advanced Russian Language Training

Methodical Potential of Using ChatGPT in Advanced Russian Language Training

Teaching Media Literacy Through Narrative in an Advanced Russian Listening Course

Teaching Media Literacy Through Narrative in an Advanced Russian Listening Course

Improving the System of Legal and Civic Education of Students in Higher Education Institutions

The subject of the authors' research is the problem of improving the mechanisms of legal education and civic education of students in educational institutions of higher education. Attention is drawn to the presence of scenarios of legal education (personal adaptation programs) of students in advanced Russian universities. At the same time, the formal nature of such programs is recognized, their abstraction from the existing realities in the educational environment of the university. It is emphasized that in the professional pedagogical community back in the 2000s, by no means difficult questions were postulated about what performance indicators of legal education and civic education in higher education should consist of. An equally important topic for discussion is the complexity of organizational and regulatory nature in determining the criteria for the effectiveness of legal education methods, which are proposed to be used in training sessions. The authors of the article formulated project proposals intended for practical application in the implementation of strategies of legal education and civic education of students at universities, taking into account the profile of the main professional educational programs being implemented. The author's programs on regulatory and legal support of education (professional, profile) for students of pedagogical, law enforcement and technical (engineering) universities are described.

Fake news, Refugees and Russian Federation’s Strategy in the Black Sea Region

"Judging from the Russian Federation’s current behavior, its attachment to the Eurasian identity stressed by Zbigniew Brzezinski 25 years ago is still very important. Equally important is projecting its influence to the Eastern NATO Flank to revive its dominance in Europe. For that to happen, logically, the democratic cohesion of the European Union and the dominance of the Euro-Atlantic Military Alliance have to be weakened. This paper aims to analyse the two most recent crises in which the Russian Federation is directly involved and its strategy for dominance – the Ukrainian crisis and the Belarus-EU border crisis. The methods employed by the Russian Federation – fake news and weaponising migration – are representative for the complex insecurity landscape that the democratic countries have to counterbalance. Analysing the degree to which these novel methods of aggression advanced Russian Federation’s interests in the Black Sea would be the central point of the paper. To conduct such an analysis, qualitative methods were predominately used, such as content analysis of primary (official declarations and security briefs) and secondary sources (articles written and opinions expressed in mainstream media regarding the security crises).The conclusion does not aim to be a final one, but rather place the most recent events into the broader perspective of the new security landscape, dominated by complex threats and insecurity sources."

Digitalization Potential in Production Sphere

Global virtualization of production, new challenges and goals of society informatization made today’s production companies change their own production processes in order to retain competitiveness on market. Standard approaches to production management now cannot guarantee stable profitability of business. The concept of smartproduction and wise factories targets at integration of people, information and value chains in one network. It can provide a new impulse to labour productivity, predetermine new opportunities for improving the work efficiency. Today’s foreign and home literature shows academic interest in new production technologies. In spite of various trends and approaches to the subject, principle priorities of advanced smart production processes have not been revealed adequately, which proves the necessity to continue research in this field. The article substantiates the demand for production process digitalization at Russian enterprises. Possibilities of using artificial intellect and introducing smart-production in industry are studied. Priorities of the advanced Russian production companies in the field of digitalization were highlighted: wider use of cloud technologies; predictive analysis; IaaS-services, i. e. virtual centers of data processing and systems of data storage; centralized dispatcher control and data collection (SCADA) and others. The author characterizes parameters of monitoring development of smart production systems on the territory of the Russian Federation, which has been carried out by Rosstat since 2020. The forecast data on assessing the required resources in respect to support tools on behalf of state were shown, aimed at developing technologies of smart production. Target indicators of developing smart technologies were identified within the frames of the federal project ‘Digital Technologies’. The author systematized science-intensive technological innovations, non-standard solutions and advanced tools of managing production systems, specified target indicators of principle technological trends in smart-production development and substantiated lines in the development of smart-potential of Russian industry.

ГЕНЕЗИС РЕГИОНАЛЬНО-СРЕДОВОГО ПОДХОДА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ИСТОРИКО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКЕ

The purpose of the article is to reveal the content of the regional-environmental approach and to characterize its genesis in the advanced Russian social thought and historical and pedagogical science. The definition of the approach is given and the process of its development over the past two and a half centuries is described in detail. The following scientific methods were used in the course of the study: diachronization (periodization), retrospective analysis, reconstruction of historical events, actualization and historical-typological, as well as axiological methodological approach, which allows to identify the value content of the subject under study. These scientific tools were implemented in the course of characterizing the views of leading Russian thinkers of the XVIII-XIX centuries (V. V. Krestinin, A. I. Herzen, N. A. Dobrolyubov, N. G. Chernyshevsky, N. H. Wessel, K. D. Ushinsky, D. D. Semenov, etc.) and twentieth-century scientists and educators (B. V. Vsesvyatsky, G. N. Volkov, A. I. Kondakov, etc.) on this issue. The article provides material on the activities of various organizations (provincial statistical committees, scientific archival commissions, etc.) and individuals — local historians, teachers and patrons of different eras (N. M. Meyer, P. K. Meyer, A. I. Veshtomov, T. T. Rapinov, V. I. Fedyaev, etc.), who contributed to the implementation of the regional-environmental approach in educational practice with their theoretical and practical deeds. The conclusion is made about the socio-political significance and scientific and pedagogical relevance of a consistent, scientifically formulated study of the regional-environmental approach in the theory and history of pedagogy. Permanent changes in the regional educational environment and society as a whole make it socially necessary and socially significant for pedagogic theorists to comprehend constantly the complex of problems related to regional educational topics and, in particular, to determine the role and disclosure of the content of the regional environmental approach in the history of education, including the present time.

ЕКЗИСТЕНЦІАЛЬНІ ВИЯВИ ЕТНОКУЛЬТУРИ В КОНТЕКСТІ РЕТРОСПЕКТИВИ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ДЕРЖАВОТВОРЕННЯ

The merit of the British political scientist Andrew Wilson and other intellectuals is that at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries the democratic world learned about the existence in Eastern Europe of an «unexpected» nation – the Ukrainians. Even today, few people think about the fact that this community remains little known in the ethnic context. At the same time, attempts by some culturologists, historians, ethnologists, psychologists, and religious scholars to emphasize its uniqueness have repeatedly met with systemic resistance from the humanities themselves. Moreover, while Soviet historians denied Ukrainian cultural identity because of their obligation to give priority to the «advanced Russian people», modern proponents of the postmodern history of historiography do not treat them as an ethnos with due respect for their dislike of «harmful» ethnocentrism as such. The aim of the research is to try to find out the existential properties of the inner world of Ukrainians on the basis of the historical retrospective of state formation. Noting on occasion that they may suddenly «emerge» not only as a nation but also as an ethnic group. The basis of the research methodology is a holonomic approach. This means that «cause» and «consequence» can be characteristic features from different fields and even historical epochs. Such an analysis is possible within the theoretical synthesis, when it is based on the mental rootedness of social constructs, ideas, experiences that are inherent in people as carriers of the collective unknown (archetypes). The existential order of the ethnos is best represented by the mentality. It is the integral-syncretic formation in which the meanings of life are the modeling dominant of worldview, world perception and world understanding. In an effort to understand the existential manifestations of ethnic culture (in the context of the retrospective of state formation), it is important to take into account: the vocation of the «Ukrainian» collective principle to put pressure on the individual. And to bring this into the ethnic not only eclectic mix of Western and Eastern cultures, but also the original mental traits inherent only in its characteristics – natural spontaneity, biopsychological orientation and etc. The authors have proved that the reproaches that are often addressed to the people have another addressee – the elite, which is firmly «attached» to the ethnic group. The low quality of state elites in Ukraine, which was especially acute during periods of historical crises, receives a logical explanation and even «justification» at the mental level of life. Another thing is that for centuries it has prevented the solution of fateful state tasks, and limited its role to the banal seizure of power. Changing the situation requires political «geniuses» who are able to think and act strategically more broadly. They must understand the values, the mentality of their people, the imperatives of its ethnic culture. The history of Ukrainian state-building in the period of early modernism and modernism still amazes European readers, sometimes even the closest neighbors. The research showed that if their acquaintance with this began with a detailed study of the existential manifestations of the ethnic culture of Ukrainians, it would be much easier to reach mutual understanding.

Imperfect Spanish Meanings Acquisition by Advanced Russian Learners. Evidence from Acceptability Judgements Data

This study explores the difficulties on grammatical representation descriptions of Spanish Imperfect meanings by 54 first language Russian learners of Spanish with advanced proficiency levels and a control group of 18 Spanish native speakers. The results from the on-line acceptability judgments task the participants carried out indicated that interpretations of aspectual meanings typical of the Spanish Imperfect had been formed in the non-native speaker’s grammar. Moreover, a general tendency to over-accept non-adequate Preterite sentences was observed in non-native Spanish speaker groups. Furthermore, the findings revealed that progressive meaning represented a greater challenge for Russian learners of Spanish with upper-intermediate proficiency level, whereas at more advanced levels the perceptions of this meaning became closer to that of Spanish native speakers. However, the accuracy and sensitivity scores on lexical aspectual classes evidenced a persistent difficulty for non-native speakers in non-prototypical lexical-grammatical aspect combinations, which suggested a possible remaining effect of L1 transfer

On the choice of priority approaches towards taxation of the population

The object of this research is the system of taxation of the population, while the subject is the composition and structure of taxes paid by private entities. The author analyzes the two priority approaches towards building the optimal and utmost fair system of taxation of private entities – through the object of “income” or “consumption”. Detailed analysis is conducted on the advanced Russian and foreign research on the topic. The author outlines the advantages and disadvantages of each approach from the perspective of horizontal and vertical justice, individual utility and its discounting. The scientific discussion on the absolute viability of taxation of income and consumption of the population is allocated into a separate chapter of the research. Based on the qualitative theoretical analysis, the author concludes on the rationality of choosing integrated approach towards creation of taxation system of the population. The cornerstone in this regard is the determination of the optimal ratio of consumption and income taxes. For this purpose, the author develops the original methodology based on the scattering matrix of 87 countries of the world, correlation and regression analysis of the indicators of their economic development and tax rates. The scientific novelty of consists in substantiation of the existence of substantial connection between the ratio of taxes on consumption and income of the population and the level of socioeconomic development of the country.

TEACHING NOUN-PHRASE COMPOSITION IN EAP/ESP CONTEXT: A CORPUS-ASSISTED APPROACH TO OVERCOME A DIDACTIC GAP

Attributive noun phrases, namely noun + noun constructions (NNCs), is an essential typological characteristic of academic style. However, errors in their production and use are not uncommon even in the writing of advanced Russian users of academic English. As such errors slow down reading and, in some cases, lead to misinterpretations, they may be a hindrance to the publication of research results in international journals. Aiming at facilitating NNC instruction, the study focuses on linguistic and didactic aspects of this construction. It highlights NNC complexity and a lack of consensus among researchers as to their linguistic status and semantic nature. The research demonstrates that NNCs do not find proper interpretation in EAP/ESP teaching literature, which results in their misuse by non-native English contributors to international scientific journals. Based on some published practice and personal experience in teaching academic skills, the research lays down a corpus-assisted approach to teaching students to master the grammar and use of NNCs in their own discipline texts. The principal advantage of this approach is that it provides students with patterns of NNP expert use and aids EAP/ESP instructors to develop discipline-specific didactic materials based on reliable and up-to-date facts on generating NNCs.

Advanced Russian EFL Learners’ Awareness of Idiomatic Synonymy, Antonymy, and Polysemy

Foreign language acquisition is notoriously constrained by learners’ lack of awareness of the systemic relations that are obtained among stable multiple-unit lexical items. This results in learners’ inability to variegate their performance (both written and oral) with idioms that stand in complementary (synonymy) or contrastive (antonymy) distribution to one another. Nor are learners typically able to distinguish between the multiple senses of English idioms. Given these impedimenta, the present research investigates the degree of entrenchment of idiomatic synonymy, antonymy, and polysemy and, on the back of it, sets the agenda for partial revision of the practice of exposing learners to English idioms. Data were collected to investigate the knowledge of idiomatic synonymy, antonymy, and polysemy amongst Russian EFL learners. The results of the ANOVA analysis revealed that the degree of awareness of the major types of idiomatic paradigmatic relations significantly differed between the groups, with learners being more aware of synonymy and polysemy than antonymy. The findings suggest that current EFL materials and dictionaries need to be updated and revisited with a view to exposing foreign learners to an extended network of paradigmatic idiomatic relations.

Advanced Russian EFL Learners’ Awareness of Idiomatic Synonymy, Antonymy, and Polysemy

Foreign language acquisition is notoriously constrained by learners’ lack of awareness of the systemic relations that are obtained among stable multiple-unit lexical items. This results in learners’ inability to variegate their performance (both written and oral) with idioms that stand in complementary (synonymy) or contrastive (antonymy) distribution to one another. Nor are learners typically able to distinguish between the multiple senses of English idioms. Given these impedimenta, the present research investigates the degree of entrenchment of idiomatic synonymy, antonymy, and polysemy and, on the back of it, sets the agenda for partial revision of the practice of exposing learners to English idioms. Data were collected to investigate the knowledge of idiomatic synonymy, antonymy, and polysemy amongst Russian EFL learners. The results of the ANOVA analysis revealed that the degree of awareness of the major types of idiomatic paradigmatic relations significantly differed between the groups, with learners being more aware of synonymy and polysemy than antonymy. The findings suggest that current EFL materials and dictionaries need to be updated and revisited with a view to exposing foreign learners to an extended network of paradigmatic idiomatic relations.

Development of Proposals for the Adaptation of Advanced Russian and Foreign Methods of R&D Management at a Space Instrument-Making Enterprise

Development of Proposals for the Adaptation of Advanced Russian and Foreign Methods of R&D Management at a Space Instrument-Making Enterprise

Pedagogical excellence in the focus of research at Russian universities

The article presents the results of systematizing the subject areas of psychological and pedagogical researches in 2016-2020, dedicated to generalizations of the reflexively advanced Russian pedagogical practice in the context of the competence characteristics of pedagogical skills accentuation. We analyzed reports on the activities of scientific centers of the Russian Academy of Education, materials of scientific conferences and publications in the reference area of large Russian universities, as well as the regulations of pedagogical excellence competitions. To describe the concept of pedagogical excellence as a theoretical concept, the general orientation of the ideas of the most authoritative authors in psychological and pedagogical science was synthesized: pedagogical excellence is the highest level of a teacher’s ability to involve students in joint educational activities to achieve the planned results of development, education and training. The main vectors of differentiation of scientific directions are determined, based on: 1) a personality-oriented model of the teacher formation in the conditions of modern Russian education transformations; 2) the pragmatic and technological model of the pedagogical excellence formation. Interdisciplinary studies are identified as promising, integrating a personality-oriented approach and elements adapted to Russian conditions: 1) western technological pedagogical approaches, 2) the experience of Soviet pedagogy.

Engineering Centre as Innovative Component of Professional Training of Future IT Specialists.................90 Slabin U. K. Knowledge and Perception of Eponyms in Chemistry by University Students in Belarus and the United States

Introduction. Nowadays, digital transformation of higher vocational education brings to the agenda questions about the ways and forms, which are adequate to the current state of society and the tasks of innovative development of the economy, to train specialists in the areas related to information and communication technologies (specialists of IT areas). One of the ways to solve the problem can be an active interaction of teaching staff and students with the engineering centres created at universities as points of effective application, development and commercialisation of new technologies.The aim of the present article was to analyse the process of approbation and obtained preliminary results of the preparation of bachelors of IT-directions on the basis of interaction between the pedagogical staff of Tula State University named after Lev Tolstoy (TSPU L. N. Tolstoy) and the university engineering centre “Digital Means of Production”.Methodology and research methods. The systematic and competency-based approaches became the leading approaches to the study of the problem under discussion. The authors applied the methods of socio-historical and theoretical-methodological analysis, modelling, studying and summarising the advanced Russian and foreign experience of educational organisations. In the course of approbation of innovative methods of training, interviews, questionnaires, testing and pedagogical experiment were carried out.Results and scientific novelty. The scientific and methodological support of organisational interaction between the TSPU L. N. Tolstoy and the engineering centre “Digital Means of Production” is briefly described in the article. The tasks and principles of this interaction are formulated: the principle of activity; the consolidation of efforts of interested parties with the defining position of the university; the correlation of the objects of professional activity and types of professional tasks designed for students with the requirements of the main educational programme; the scientific character and information-methodological support; ensuring the information security of a personality when addressing the research tasks and creating intellectual products. The efficiency and prospects of interaction between an educational organisation and a commercial structure, which is engaged in advancement and implementation of scientific and technological projects, is demonstrated. Through students’ involvement (as a part of group of its developers) in the entire cycle of production of a programme product, the following results are achieved: education of bachelors of the IT directions has gained more practice-focused character; students’ motivation to implementation of scientific research has been increased; additional resources for development and skills of teamwork have appeared; the level of readiness of graduates for the future professional activity has been considerably increased. The pedagogical experiment revealed cause-and-effect relations between participation of students in the solution of real practical engineering tasks and the level of formation of their professional competencies, which are in short supply in the labour market.The practical significance of the present research work lies in the potential possibilities of using the obtained data to improve the forms and methods for the formation of professional competencies among bachelors of IT areas in universities. Research materials may be of interest to university teachers of informatics and software engineering, Moreover, the research materials could be applied by the heads of professional education organisations.

How Do Russia’s Regions Adjust to External Shocks? Evidence from the Republic of Tatarstan

Since 2008, tighter budget constraints have forced the Russian federal government to adjust the system governing its relations with the regions. This paper argues that more advanced Russian regions have the potential to develop a constructive response to the recent deterioration in their operational environment. This argument is based on an analysis of the experiences of coping with the external shocks that have occurred over the last 25 years in the Republic of Tatarstan. The paper identifies key factors that have helped the republic successfully tackle previous shocks, such as elite cohesion and internal consensus regarding republican developmental priorities.

Interim analysis of the data of non-interventional study to determine the prevalence of EGFR mutations in advanced NSCLC Russian patients (ORTUS).

e13109 Background: There is a little information of correlation between EGFRm rate in cytology and plasma samples in Russian NSCLC population. The interim analysis of the study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and types of EGFR mutations in paired cytology and plasma samples in treatment-naive patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: ORTUS is a multicenter, non-interventional, prospective study to determine EGFR mutations rate in treatmentnaive Russian patients with advanced NSCLC. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02321046. The study enrolled 426 patients in stage IIIB / IV of NSCLC. Interim analysis covered the data of 214 cytology verified patients (mean age - 62.6 (range 32-86) years, 58,4% of men) with EGFRm test results in paired cytology and ctDNA samples. 99.5% cases were adenocarcinoma. The proportion of non-smokers/smokers/exsmokers was 46.3%/36%/17.8% respectively. Stage IV disease was in 81% of cases; 84.1% of patients had symptoms. DNA isolation performed using QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit for cytology and Qiagen Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit for ctDNA according to the manufacturer’s instructions. EGFR gene mutations were analyzed using THerascreen RGQ EGFR PCR Kit in cytology samples and RGQ Plasma EGFR PCR kit in plasma (Qiagen). Results: EGFRm was identified in 17,8% cytology samples (38/214) that is close to 20,2% (1759/8716) in Russian tissue EGFRm study (Imyanitov et al., 2016). 10,3% of paired ctDNA samples were EGFRm positive. Sensitivity and specificity for ctDNA were 42.1%, and 97.1% respectively. The EGFRm rate was 3,9% and 2,6% in smokers, 5,3% and 0% in ex-smokers and 33,3% and 21,2% in nonsmokers in cytology and plasma samples respectively. EGFRm rate and concordance between cytology and ctDNA are presented in a table. EGFRm in ctDNA were detected more frequently in M1a/b groups (p = 0,028). Conclusions: Cytology samples are appropriate for EGFRm testing in NSCLC patients in comparison with tumor tissue ones. High tumor burden (positive metastatic status) is an important factor for successful mutation analysis in ctDNA. [Table: see text]

Opmizaon of work on taking gas samples from transformer gas relays

Quality taking and analysis of gas and oil samples upon actuation of gas protection is an essential component of transformer operation, in making a prompt decision on its admissibility to operation after an emergency shutdown. Existing conventional systems for taking, storage and transportation of gas samples from gas relays have a number of significant drawbacks. At the same time, the devices in use at present often fail to ensure the representative nature of samples; besides, when used in line with established rules, they are inconvenient in sampling and “combustibility” checks.To solve the aforesaid problem, a study has been performed at the facilities of the physical-chemical and chromatographic analysis laboratory of the diagnostics directorate of the branch of PJSC “IDGC of North-West” on a number of advanced technologies that could be used for taking, transportation and storage of gas samples. In the experimental study, 0.5 l gastight bags made by SKC (США) (models No.237-02 and No.232-02, differing in the design of the sampling system) and 0.5 l bags made by Elchrom (model EL-PACK G-300) were used. Experimental work on examination of gas-tight bags was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, gas-tightness was assessed at room temperature, and at the second stage, the effect of negative temperatures on gas-tightness was investigated.In the course of the experimental studies, the feasibilility was confirmed of using advanced Russian and foreign technologies for taking, storage and transportation of gas samples from transformer gas relays. The models of gas-tight bags under investigation are found to be appropriate for taking, storage and transportation of gas samples, both at positive temperatures of the ambient air, and at temperatures as low as minus 15–18°С (the effects of still lower temperatures was beyond the scope of the study). To establish the feasibility of repeated use of gas-tight bags, it is proposed to continue experimental studies.

The Preparedness of Russian Schoolchildren for Liberal Arts Education

The article reveals data from a questionnaire of 16-17 year old Russian pupils about their experience of managing free time and using educational choice in the school. The authors compare the obtained results with the values of liberal arts education, gaining significance in Russian universities. The study shows that the principles and practices of liberal arts are in deficit even in advanced and innovative Russian schools.