Advanced Lighting Controls Research Articles

Lossless Phase‐Change Material Enabled Wideband High‐Efficiency Spatial Light Phase Modulation at Near‐Infrared

AbstractHigh‐efficiency spatial light phase modulation with wide operating bandwidth is highly significant yet challenging. Dynamic metasurfaces leveraging active materials with tunable optical response provide a promising solution. Current work is generally confronted with restricted operation bandwidth and diminished modulation efficiency, constrained by the limited tunable range and inherent absorption of active materials particular at optical frequency. Recently, the emergence of lossless phase‐change material Sb2Se3 has garnered widespread attention. Its unique characteristics, including near‐zero absorption at near‐infrared and a substantial refractive index contrast ≈0.93 during phase transition, enable the possibility of high‐performance spatial light modulation. Pioneering studies have validated the capability of lossless phase‐change metasurfaces for wavefront control, but are typically restricted to limited efficiency. Here, a hybrid phase‐change metasurface utilizing over‐coupled resonances supported by Sb2Se3 nanoholes is proposed. For the first time in optical frequency, high‐efficiency 4‐level phase modulation covering over π range is experimentally demonstrated with a sizable operating bandwidth of 42 nm and a minimum reflectance of exceeding 0.5. Leveraging optically driven localized phase‐transition technique, dynamic beam deflection is further demonstrated. The work validates the tremendous potential of phase‐change metasurfaces in achieving advanced spatial light control, signifying significant progress for the development and application of phase‐change photonic devices.

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT LIGHTING TECHNOLOGIES AND TRENDS

Energy-efficient lighting technologies have undergone significant advancements in recent years, driving a transformation in the lighting industry. This comprehensive review explores various energy-efficient lighting technologies and trends, aiming to provide insights into their applications, benefits, and future prospects. The review begins with an overview of energy-efficient lighting technologies, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), and advanced lighting controls. It examines the key characteristics and advantages of each technology, highlighting their energy-saving potential and environmental benefits. Next, the review discusses the trends shaping the energy-efficient lighting market, such as the transition to solid-state lighting, the emergence of smart lighting systems, and the growing emphasis on human-centric lighting design. It explores how these trends are driving innovation and transforming the way lighting is used and managed in various settings. The review also examines the benefits of energy-efficient lighting technologies, including reduced energy consumption, lower maintenance costs, and enhanced lighting quality. It discusses how these technologies contribute to energy conservation, sustainability, and improved lighting experiences for users. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges and barriers to the widespread adoption of energy-efficient lighting technologies, such as high upfront costs, technical complexity, and the need for regulatory support. It explores strategies to overcome these challenges and accelerate the adoption of energy-efficient lighting solutions. Finally, the review provides insights into the future outlook for energy-efficient lighting technologies, highlighting emerging trends, innovative applications, and potential areas for further research and development. It emphasizes the importance of continued innovation and collaboration in driving the evolution of energy-efficient lighting technologies towards a more sustainable and efficient future. In summary, this comprehensive review offers a detailed analysis of energy-efficient lighting technologies and trends, providing valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders seeking to understand and leverage the potential of energy-efficient lighting for a sustainable future.
 Keywords: Energy-Efficient, Lighting, Technologies, Trend, Review.

A Framework for Optimizing Lighting in Animal Shelters for Domestic Cats

In this project, we aim to enable designers to optimize lighting conditions for domestic cats in animal shelters. Specifically, we developed an optimization framework that controls the spectral power distribution (SPD) of light sources and returns the effect on feline visual perception. In our model, we used standard light source SPDs and predicted light reflected from different surfaces within an animal shelter. The reflected SPDs were combined with the known brightness sensitivity of domestic cats across the visible light spectrum to develop an understanding of cats’ visual experience in the shelter under different lighting conditions. The optimization framework then minimizes the difference between a desired lighting effect (here, daylight) and a modeled effect using a set of light source SPDs. Initial results demonstrate that by using slightly more advanced lighting design and control, shelters can potentially improve the visual experience for cats.

Improving lighting energy efficiency through user response

Technological advances have increased the energy performance of integrated daylighting and lighting systems to unprecedented levels. The shift to LED technologies, innovative shadings, and advanced lighting and shading controls promises a dramatic reduction in energy use for lighting. Work will continue to save more energy with technological solutions, but additional savings can be attained by understanding the complexity of human behaviour and by designing systems in such a way that they can accommodate energy-saving behaviour. This article reviews behaviour aimed at saving energy used for lighting. Four categories of behaviour are identified, concerning extent and speed of dimming, heuristics, design of the interface, and information/feedback strategies. The review suggests that lighting use can be halved by introducing simple strategies to existing and future systems, but the energy saving potential comes with low ecological validity. A multidisciplinary approach is required to increase the robustness of findings.

All-dielectric magnetic metasurface for advanced light control in dual polarizations combined with high-Q resonances

Nanostructured magnetic materials provide an efficient tool for light manipulation on sub-nanosecond and sub-micron scales, and allow for the observation of the novel effects which are fundamentally impossible in smooth films. For many cases of practical importance, it is vital to observe the magneto-optical intensity modulation in a dual-polarization regime. However, the nanostructures reported on up to date usually utilize a transverse Kerr effect and thus provide light modulation only for p-polarized light. We present a concept of a transparent magnetic metasurface to solve this problem, and demonstrate a novel mechanism for magneto-optical modulation. A 2D array of bismuth-substituted iron-garnet nanopillars on an ultrathin iron-garnet slab forms a metasurface supporting quasi-waveguide mode excitation. In contrast to plasmonic structures, the all-dielectric magnetic metasurface is shown to exhibit much higher transparency and superior quality-factor resonances, followed by a multifold increase in light intensity modulation. The existence of a wide variety of excited mode types allows for advanced light control: transmittance of both p- and s-polarized illumination becomes sensitive to the medium magnetization, something that is fundamentally impossible in smooth magnetic films. The proposed metasurface is very promising for sensing, magnetometry and light modulation applications.

Analysis on collision avoidance behavior of driver by information presentation of advanced light distribution control headlamp

Analysis on collision avoidance behavior of driver by information presentation of advanced light distribution control headlamp

Commercial Technologies for Advanced Light Control in Smart Building Energy Management Systems: A Comparative Study

This work investigates the economic, social, and environmental impact of adopting different smart lighting architectures for home automation in two geographical and regulatory regions: Algiers, Algeria, and Stuttgart, Germany. Lighting consumes a considerable amount of energy, and devices for smart lighting solutions are among the most purchased smart home devices. As commercialized solutions come with variant features, we empirically evaluate through this study the impact of each one of the energy-related features and provide insights on those that have higher energy saving contribution. The study started by investigating the state-of-the-art of commercialized ICT-based light control solutions, which allowed the extraction of the energy-related features. Based on the outcomes of this study, we generated simulation scenarios and selected evaluations metrics to evaluate the impact of dimming, daylight harvesting, scheduling, and motion detection. The simulation study has been conducted using EnergyPlussimulation tool, which enables fine-grained realistic evaluation. The results show that adopting smart lighting technologies have a payback period of few years and that the use of these technologies has positive economic and societal impacts, as well as on the environment by considerably reducing gas emissions. However, this positive contribution is highly sensitive to the geographical location, energy prices, and the occupancy profile.

A Data-Driven Approach for Accurate Estimation and Visualization of Energy Savings from Advanced Lighting Controls

Despite occupancy-based switching and daylight-based dimming controls being widely believed to have tremendous energy saving potential, there is often a lot of variability in the actual savings across customer sites. A major challenge in a reliable, site-specific assessment of these advanced lighting controls is the skew associated with time-logging using a low-power clock. We develop a robust analytical approach based on grid-search optimization and linear regression to correct the clock skew by exploiting the information stored in the cyclical nature of occupancy patterns in commercial buildings. We provide independent validation of the results using illuminance data to illustrate the strength of our approach. We also conduct comprehensive sensitivity analyses of the results by varying the assumptions about the underlying parameters values. Our results demonstrate that believable visualizations and reliable savings estimates can be generated using a low-power clock and a set of data-driven algorithms and analytics.

66 kV SVC Light Control Water-Cooled Valve Protection and Application

Improve power quality problems, the company introduced the "tag through 66kV Static dynamic reactive power compensation device (SVC)", which means water cooling valve parts, using the international advanced technology and light control thyristor, the real control cabinet and valve all-fiber connections between groups, no valve trigger circuit boards, etc., to ensure safe and reliable high-pressure environment. Light control while protecting 66kV more stable water-cooled manifold, also designed the various protection functions. Reactive power compensation device based on electrical design principle, the protection of the valve design principles, summarized the valve characteristic is a light-controlled thyristor trigger and pulse trigger laser fiber distribution device as one of the valve, the valve overcurrent analysis protection, undervoltage protection, return status display, RC protection, BOD protection, protection and cooling system valve structural protection, light control demonstrates the necessity of 66kV water cooling valve protection; through the reactive power compensation and benefits case situation the comparative analysis to verify the correctness of the application of SVC devices.

Computing Traffic Information in the Cloud

Vehicular ad hoc networks have been envisioned to be useful in road safety and commercial applications. In addition, in-vehicle capabilities could be used as a service to provide a variety of applications, for example, to provide real-time junction view of road intersections or to address traffic status for advanced traffic light control. In this work, the authors construct a cloud service over vehicular ad hoc networks to provide event data including capturing videos or Global Positioning System (GPS) data. Moreover, the authors integrate the GPS receiver and the navigation software equipped over On Board Unit to create a Geographic Information System digital map and to offer a traffic safety application. The hardware is implemented by Eeepad for integrating camera and GPS. Furthermore, the cyclic recording scheme has been addressed for data transmission and query. With the design, people can get real-time traffic information including traffic videos or geographical data in the cloud.

Energy Performance of Interior Lighting Systems

Lighting represents a significant component of the energy spent in commercial and office buildings. It is well known that the use of advanced lighting controls can determine significative energy savings, but its quantification is not always clear. The authors suggest a methodology to quantify the energy performance of the lighting systems, taking into account the influence of the controls. The proposed tool can be used to optimize the design according to the proper characteristics of the room and of its use in order to choose the most appropriate solution among a great number of available solutions. The tool is suitable also during the energy management in order to verify and to monitor the system. The suggested indicators are classified in a performance scale in order to outline a certification procedure in energy classes for the lighting systems.

Advanced Light Control Technologies in Protected Horticulture: A Review of Morphological and Physiological Responses in Plants to Light Quality and its Application

Advanced Light Control Technologies in Protected Horticulture: A Review of Morphological and Physiological Responses in Plants to Light Quality and its Application

Paradigm in Sustainability and Environmental Design: Lighting Utilization Contributing to Surplus-Energy Office Buildings

This paper addresses the lighting design strategies and advanced technologies used in the design of the Masdar Headquarters, an office building set within Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates. The building, which is now under construction, is expected to have 103% net-positive energy use. The work emphasizes design goals centered on human visual needs and investigates lighting conditions related to sustainable and climatically responsive architecture. The optimization of the daylighting design strategies is presented, including a shading trellis with integrated photovoltaic cells, the conical courtyards, and the sawtooth facade. The study highlights electric lighting concepts predicated on available daylight and advanced lighting controls that incorporate digital dimming ballasts, programmed and user operable controls, daylight harvesting, and occupancy monitoring. Simulation was utilized to investigate parameters such as daylight factor, daily radiant energy including photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and average daily total (ADT), and sunlight patterns. These analyses informed the daylighting design, electric lighting design, and the specific lighting controls. Such lighting components supplemented by other design strategies contribute to the energy-use goals while providing high quality luminous environments that meet end-users' visual needs.

Wireless Lighting Control: A Life Cycle Cost Evaluation of Multiple Lighting Control Strategies

This study evaluated the energy impacts and cost differences of multiple lighting control strategies for a controls-only retrofit of a theoretical 1970's or 1980's office building, analyzed in Boston and Los Angeles. The minimum control requirements of ASHRAE 90.1–2007 established an energy baseline, and six control systems were assessed. Life-cycle costs were evaluated using equipment and installation cost estimates, provided by an independent contractor, and commissioning cost estimates, provided by an independent commissioning agent.Results suggest that advanced systems can achieve nearly 50 percent energy savings compared to code-compliant controls, and that the approach to space-planning can significantly influence the lighting energy density. The cost analysis shows that wireless lighting controls required lower investment to achieve a high level of functionality for retrofit applications. The cost of commissioning was found to generally be offset by the utility rebates available in both locations. This all combines to illustrate that advanced networked lighting control systems can lead to a lower lifetime cost of ownership compared to more traditional systems.

Autonomous Distributed Optimization Algorithm for Intelligent Lighting System

In recent years, various types of equipment have become more intelligent. In this research, we propose an intelligent lighting system for providing required illuminance to specified locations, and develop autonomous distributed optimization algorithm which enables advanced lighting control. This system consists of multiple intelligent lighting fixtures, multiple movable illumination sensors and a power meter connected to a network. There is no central unit, therefore, the system has high robustness against the malfunction. We propose a new algorithm which provides rapid convergence to the target illumination by using a correlation of the illuminance and the luminance. We constructed with a dimmer experimental system, that is comprised of 15 fluorescent lights, and several movable illuminance sensors. The verification tests were carried out in the different environments using the proposed control method. We confirmed that the algorithm can provide good performance to environmental change and it is effective to energy saving.

On the Prediction of Lighting Energy Savings Achieved by Occupancy Sensors

ABSTRACT Advanced lighting controls are used to reduce lighting energy consumption. One such control is the use of occupancy sensors. Energy savings achievable by occupancy sensors depend on the occupancy pattern, which is related to building and occupant characteristics. The occupancy pattern has some degree of randomness for many building types. This article describes a method for the prediction of occupancy and lighting energy consumption based on user defined probabilities. Real lighting energy consumption from a recent retrofit program was used to demonstrate the model calculation. Comparison of the energy saving potential from different delay time settings was also made.

Comparison of Control Options in Private Offices in an Advanced Lighting Controls Testbed

(2000). Comparison of Control Options in Private Offices in an Advanced Lighting Controls Testbed. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 39-60.

Preliminary Results from an Advanced Lighting Controls Testbed

LBNL-41633 L-212 Presented at the IESNA 1998 Annual Conference, San Antonio, TX, August 10-12, 1998, and to be published in the Proceedings and considered for p`ublication in the JIES. Preliminary Results from An Advanced Lighting Controls Testbed Francis Rubinstein, Judith Jennings, Douglas Avery Building Technologies Program Environmental Energy Technologies Division Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California Berkeley, California, USA 94720 Steven Blanc Pacific Gas & Electric Co. Customer Energy Management Dept., Research & Development Group 2303 Camino Ramon, Suite 100 San Ramon, California, USA 94583 March 1998 This work was supported by the General Services Administration, Pacific Rim Region; the Pacific, Gas & Electric Co.; and the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Federal Energy Management Programs and by the Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs, Office of Building Equipment of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098.