Advanced Encryption Standard Research Articles

Maintaining Integrity and Confidentiality of Patients’ Records Using an Enhanced Security Technique

Medical record storage on paper is currently being phased out and replaced by more sophisticated Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. However, the ease of access to data and the digitization of medical records also come with the potential of misuse of personally identifiable information and healthcare data breaches. How technology will protect patient privacy is one of the primary concerns about EHRs. Network connectivity is another major issue, therefore keeping private health information online may expose it to major information leaks to external parties. Around the world, data management and privacy are major concerns. The main concerns that prevent businesses from using cloud computing are security and information authenticity, as they fear that data may be lost to unauthorized parties. The quantity of patient-oriented data in the healthcare system is continuously increasing, and the current medical systems are confronted with security issues such as weak access control, data breaches or unauthorized disclosure, and insufficient authorization and authentication. An Enhanced Security Model was created in this study to secure and protect Electronic Health Records. The records were encrypted for security and privacy utilizing the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), One Time Password (OTP), and National Identity Number (NIN). The system was designed using Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology (OOADM). The New System improved patient record security by utilizing NIN for cloud identity management, OTP for authentication, and AES for privacy and security. While the MySQL server was used to implement the database, HTML, CSS, PHP, and JavaScript were used to program the system. Comparing the new system to the old system, the results of the performance assessment analysis based on security, user-friendliness, dependability, and privacy show that the new system has very good performance efficiency and integrity.

Evaluation of Rijndael Algorithm for Audio Encryption by Brute Force Attack

The use of information transfer is a major reason for the spread of information piracy, especially digital information that includes audio or other information, to preserve data. Encrypting voice messages is considered one of the most secure ways to protect information due to the difficulty of disclosing it. Our algorithm is robust, effective, efficient, and has security capabilities due to the different key lengths and block sizes (128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits). The Rijndael algorithm is an effective tool for encoding audio files and has won many awards. The Rijndael algorithm is compatible with many different audio formats. We will use it to encrypt WAVE files. The first step is to generate keys using the proposed method consisting of key lengths and block sizes (128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits). We convert the audio data into a 256 sample. After that, the cipher text will be generated for us. Once we encrypt the audio file, we will have several audio files. We will then use a proactive approach to evaluate the success of this initiative through a brute force attack to break the code. The Rijndael algorithm plays a role in this study by demonstrating the effectiveness of encryption, Reijndeal encryption, is designed to withstand brute force attacks, employs a strong key, proper encryption algorithm, secure hardware, and software to prevent side-channel attacks, and thwart cryptanalysis attempts. It also offers a cutting-edge perspective. Its primary goal is to protect data across the digital landscape during transmission, storage, and protection processes.

Timing issues on power side-channel leakage of advanced encryption standard circuits designed by high-level synthesis

In recent years, field programmable gate array (FPGA) have been used in many internet of things (IoT) devices and are equipped with cryptographic circuits to ensure security. However, they are exposed to the risk of cryptographic keys being stolen by side-channel attacks. Countermeasures against side-channel attacks have been developed, but they are becoming more of a threat to IoT devices due to the diversity of attacks. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the basic characteristics of side-channel attacks. Therefore, this study clarifies the relationship between two timing issues, the clock period of the circuit and the power sampling interval, and the amount of side-channel leakage. We design seven advanced encryption standard (AES) circuits with different clock periods and conduct empirical experiments using logic simulations to clarify the correlation between the two timings and the amount of side-channel leakage. T-test is used to evaluate the leakage amount, which is evaluated based on four metrics. From the results, we argue that the clock period and sampling interval do not interfere with each other in the side-channel leakage amount.

DSDOS Cloud: A Decentralized Secure Data Outsourcing System With Hybrid Encryption, Blockchain Smart Contract‐Based Access Control, and Hash Authentication Codes for Cloud Security

ABSTRACTWith the increasing trend of outsourcing data to cloud services, ensuring data security and privacy has become crucial. Typically, data are stored on cloud servers in encrypted form to mitigate risks. However, accessing the encrypted data requires an access key distributed by a third party. If this third party is untrustworthy, it poses a significant security threat to the system. To address this challenge, we propose a Decentralized Secure Data Outsourcing System (DSDOS) that uses blockchain technology to ensure data security and privacy. The DSDOS system comprises three modules: data security and privacy, access control and authorization, and data integrity and availability. The data security and privacy module uses a hybrid encryption scheme that combines Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), partially homomorphic encryption (PHE), and Diffie–Hellman (DH) to ensure secure data storage and access. The access control and authorization module uses a blockchain‐based smart contract system to manage access to the encrypted data. The data integrity and availability module uses hash‐based message authentication code (HMAC) to ensure that the data are not tampered with and is always available. We conducted a security and performance analysis of the DSDOS system and found that it outperforms previous schemes in terms of security and performance. The DSDOS system is a secure and privacy‐preserving data outsourcing system that can be used to mitigate the security risks associated with traditional cloud storage systems.

Performance Analysis of Advanced Encryption Standards for Voice Cryptography with Multiple Patterns

Performance Analysis of Advanced Encryption Standards for Voice Cryptography with Multiple Patterns

Data protection enhancement in smart grid communication: An efficient multi-layer encrypting approach based on chaotic techniques and steganography

In this study, a multi-layer encryption system is proposed through which sensitive and important data in smart grids can be secured from unauthorized persons as well as cyber threats. The suggested system is analyzed using fundamental performance assessment metrics say as average processing times across ten runs, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and root mean square error (RMSE). The encryption process involves hiding the data encrypted by a digital dictionary and the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm in an image. In this way, AES encryption suggests rapid processing with a short average time per each block; similarly, the decryption technique, which includes the dictionary and AES decryption also renders the results in a justified computational time nominating it as a practical approach. It is worth noting that the small key era and dictionary construction instances provoke innovations in the general efficiency of the encryption mechanism. The conducted study, based on recorded values for PSNR, RMSE, UACI, and NPCR, demonstrates that the proposed multi-layer encryption system, which incorporates dictionary encryption and AES, is a robust and a fast method to shield important information and attaining a balance between protection and computational time.

Digital Image Security Analysis using Hill Cipher and AES Algorithm

In today's digital era, digital image exchange has become very common in various industries, but this also increases security risks such as counterfeiting, image manipulation, and information theft. To protect the confidentiality of information in digital images, encryption is a fairly effective method. Hill Cipher, as a classic cryptographic method, offers matrix-based encryption, while Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is known for its high level of security and efficiency. By combining Hill Cipher and AES, encryption systems can leverage the strengths of classic and modern cryptography together, providing an additional layer of protection that strengthens the security of digital data and reduces vulnerabilities that may exist in each method separately. This approach provides a more comprehensive solution for maintaining the confidentiality of digital images in the context of evolving security threats.

Development of the Combined Operations Method to Improve the Efficiency of Block Encryption

Real-time information protection requires the implementation of special methods aimed at providing reliable and fast encryption algorithms to protect personal and corporate information from unauthorized access. With the growth of data volumes and the speed of their processing, the importance of effective encryption methods increases significantly. One of the common, reliable and well-known encryption algorithms is AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), also known as Rijndael, which is a symmetric block cipher. AES has high efficiency and cryptoresistance and is suitable for processing large volumes of data. The reliability and speed of encryption and decryption using the AES algorithm depends on the size of the key and the data. This paper proposes to improve algorithm of symmetric block encryption AES to provide faster data processing. The possibility of combining mathematical operations that have a similar principle of processing elements is shown. This approach made it possible to reduce the processing time for data encryption and decryption compared to known implementations. A comparative analysis of the practical implementation of the standard and optimized AES cryptoalgorithms has been carried out. The general principles of the proposed method are to transform all two-dimensional arrays into one-dimensional arrays, add auxiliary tables for ShiftRows and MixColumns operations, and combine operations with similar element processing principles. The simulation results showed that the modified implementation of the AES algorithm demonstrates a reduction in processing time of up to 50% when encrypting and up to 75% when decrypting data compared to known results

A Hybrid System Based on Three Levels to Hide Information using JPEG Color Images

Nowadays, due to the circulation of information among people, information security has become an important requirement to protect information from hacking. Many techniques have been discovered to protect this information and maintain its confidentiality from hacking, the most prominent of which are cryptography and steganography techniques. In this paper, a hybrid system based on three levels to hide information using Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) color images, where this system works in both processes sender and receiver. The sender process at the first level uses a mixing of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA), while at the second level uses a Fuzzy Stream Algorithm (FSA) adds a higher complexity and eliminates the non-linearity of the encrypted information. The third level is to hide encrypted information using the Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique, while the receiver process, performs the reverse process of three levels. This system provides high information embedding capability and the inability to perceive hidden information, the system was evaluated based on criteria like Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), Structure Similarity (SSIM), and correlation, which were characterized by high and good rates. The study was compared with modern steganography techniques.

A Unification of Fog-Cloud Computing for Data Agitation and Guard Intensification in Industrial Health Care Security

The development of Fog computing is a decentralized environment in which the data processing, storage and applications are processed between the located server in a cloud environment. By increasing the Internet of things (IoT) and remote storage, the communication in cloud become more sophisticated by processing the data safely and securely. Healthcare data is important which contains medical information and processed centrality in the public environment through IoT, due to increasing security breaches they need to protect depends on the security applicants. All over the centralized data computing are accessed by virtual environment through remote protocol doesn’t provide safety in healthcare industry. To resolve this problem, to propose as Unification of fog-cloud computing for data agitation and guard intensification (DA-GI) in Industrial Health Care Security. The Medical Data Health-Care (MDHC) records are stored in Cloud datacenters and the Fog layer based on the guard intensity and the key is provoked for ingress the file. The activity logs are controlled and monitoring from cloud serves sustains the Activity Log, Risk Table and Health Records. To introduce a cryptographic approach based on advanced encryption standards (AES) to protect data and authenticity verification server. The key verification process based on security gateway, Fog cloud server depends on user access rights provided to the user. During the key validation, role of permission to the user s verified and agitate to allow access rights to the verified service access. The proposed system produce high security compared to the other system as well in all security concerns of role, authentication and verification to process data safely.

An Improved Multi-Chaotic Public Key Algorithm Based on Chebyshev Polynomials

Due to the similar characteristics of chaotic systems and cryptography, public key encryption algorithms based on chaotic systems are worth in-depth research and have high value for the future. Chebyshev polynomials have good properties and are often used in the design of public key algorithms. This paper improves the Bose Multi-Chaotic Public Key Cryptographic Algorithm (BMPKC) by applying Chebyshev polynomials. The proposed algorithm (CMPKC-) introduces the selective coefficient based on the properties of Chebyshev polynomials, allowing the special functions that need to be negotiated in the original system to be freely and randomly chosen as Chebyshev polynomials, and can also be expanded to m levels. The improved cryptographic algorithm also utilizes chaotic hash functions and logistic mapping to generate pseudo-random sequences and overcomes shortcomings of the Bose algorithm by iteratively iterating the selected Chebyshev polynomials based on the number of 0s or 1s in the pseudo-random sequence, thus providing better security. Analysis and software testing results indicate that this algorithm has strong robustness against brute force attacks, achieving a higher attack time for breaking the private key compared to the CEPKC, BMPKC, and CMPKC algorithms. Compared to the CMPKC algorithm, our proposal algorithm achieves better performance in the encryption and decryption phases. Furthermore, we combine this Multi-Chaotic System Key Exchange Protocol with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, while providing a demonstration, offering more possibilities for practical applications of this system.

Advanced Encryption Techniques in Healthcare IoT: Securing Patient Data in Connected Medical Devices

As a result of the fast development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the healthcare sector has undergone a transformation. This transformation has been brought about by the deployment of linked medical devices that provide immediate monitoring and data collecting. Despite the fact that these innovations promise to bring about considerable gains in patient care and operational efficiency, they also bring about major security issues, especially with regard to the protection of personally identifiable information about patients. Within the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem for healthcare, this study investigates sophisticated encryption approaches that are aimed to protect patient data stored in linked medical equipment. One of the first things that the research does is investigate the specific security needs and risks that are linked with Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the healthcare industry. These include concerns around data privacy, integrity, and authentication. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) are some of the encryption standards and protocols that are often used in the process of protecting Internet of Things (IoT) connections. This article presents a complete examination of these encryption standards and protocols. Following that, it digs into sophisticated encryption approaches that are especially targeted to the limits and needs of healthcare IoT systems. These techniques include lightweight cryptographic algorithms, key management strategies, and secure multi-party computing (MPC) frameworks.

Digital-Signature Oriented Steganography Approach against Man-in-the-Middle Attack

Nowadays, man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks have become a large problem due to the advancement of computational power and interactive mobile technologies. Message security is a crucial concern that ought to be managed in order to help protect vital data from unauthorized people, such as MITM. Steganography is the technique of hiding secret data within an ordinary, non-secret file or message in order to avoid detection when communicating through an unsecured network. Steganography applications play a vital role in various fields that involve classified data transfer, such as healthcare, multimedia, and the military. Hence, the application of steganography in those fields attracts MITM attacks. Thus, in an attempt to address the challenge. This study proposes a hybrid approach that integrates an image steganography technique, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for message encryption, and EdDSA (Edward-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) for signature verification to enhance steganography against MITM attacks. The proposed hybrid approach was tested and measured using image metrics (MSE, PSNR, and SSIM) and histogram visualization and verified through experimentation. The results have proven that the proposed hybrid approach is an enhanced security approach with low execution time, more payload size for hiding messages, and a high invisibility embedded message to MITM compared with other existing approaches. This study has potential limitations. It does not explore tamper resistance or algorithm robustness, and it was not tested on a public image dataset.

Blockchain-Powered Patient-Centric Access Control with MIDC AES-256 Encryption for Enhanced Healthcare Data Security

Blockchain-Powered Patient-Centric Access Control with MIDC AES-256 Encryption for Enhanced Healthcare Data Security

(Digital Presentation) Optimized Security: Enhancing the Modified Advanced Encryption Standard for Efficient Iot Application

The Modified Advanced Encryption Standard (MAES) emerges as a robust solution tailored for the unique challenges posed by Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In this paradigm, where resource constraints and energy efficiency are paramount, MAES optimizes the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to meet the specific demands of IoT devices. This modification involves a judicious trade-off between security and computational complexity, ensuring a delicate balance suitable for the constrained nature of IoT environments. MAES not only maintains the formidable security features of AES but also introduces tailored enhancements that cater to the low-power, low-memory, and high-throughput requirements of IoT devices. This abstract highlight the crucial role MAES plays in fortifying the security landscape of IoT, making it a compelling choice for safeguarding sensitive data in the era of interconnected and resource-limited devices.The test case bits will be used to pick the module. The key and input will then be chosen in accordance with the test case bit selection, and the module will generate the corresponding output and lower the clock cycles to 16 with 149.721W power dissipation. Verilog code was used to generate the MAES algorithm, which was intended for FPGA. Vivado tool is utilized for Synthesis and Simulation. The KINTEX-7 FPGA has successfully tested the design.

PENGAMANAN DATA EKSTENSI FILE PDF DENGAN ALGORITMA AES DAN OTP

The rapid development of technology presents new challenges in maintaining data security and privacy, especially concerning the security and confidentiality of documents that are vulnerable to eavesdropping and theft. Cryptography is the art and science of maintaining the confidentiality of messages using mathematical techniques related to data security, such as privacy, data integrity, and authentication. Cryptography can be applied in various sectors to enhance data security and protect sensitive information from risks such as unauthorized access, theft, and misuse of personal data. For instance, PDFs, which are digital document formats, are often used for various purposes, such as online applications, registrations, and digital transactions. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a widely used encryption algorithm for protecting data, and the use of OTP (One Time Password) is a security technique that requires two different steps of verification to access a system. The AES algorithm provides strong security by utilizing complex transformations that make it very difficult to break, and the addition of OTP further enhances data security before it is returned to its original form.

Advancing cryptographic security: a novel hybrid AES-RSA model with byte-level tokenization

As cyberattacks are getting more complex and sophisticated, stringent, multi-layered security measures are required. Existing approaches often rely on tokenization or encryption algorithms, both of which have drawbacks. Previous attempts to ensure data security have primarily focused on tokenization techniques or complex encryption algorithms. While these methods work well on their own, they have proven vulnerable to sophisticated cyberattacks. This research presents new ways to improve data security in digital storage and communication systems. We solve data security issues by proposing a multi-level encryption strategy that combines double encryption technology along with tokenization. The first step in the procedure is a byte-level byte-pair encoding (BPE) tokenizer, which tokenizes the input data and adds a layer of protection to make it unreadable. After tokenization, data is encrypted using Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) to create a strong initial level of security. To further enhance security, data encrypted with RSA has an additional layer of encryption applied using the advanced encryption standard (AES) method. This article describes how this approach is implemented in practice and shows how it is effective in protecting data at a higher level than single-layer encryption or tokenization systems.

A novel integrated quantum-resistant cryptography for secure scientific data exchange in ad hoc networks

The fast advancement of quantum computing poses a substantial challenge to the privacy and security of critical scientific research data. This is because the standard cryptography methods, which have been proven effective in classical computers, are rendered less secure in the face of quantum computing approaches. Previously, numerous endeavors have been made to safeguard confidential information through the utilization of different standards and quantum cryptographic methods. However, there remains a research void with several challenges and limitations, including excessive computational burden, vulnerability to various attacks, and limited hardware compatibility for implementation. We propose a modern hybrid cryptographical approach to secure sensitive data from various attacks and vulnerabilities to address the existing limitations. The suggested standard integrates traditional cryptographic standards with quantum-resistant standards to boost sensitive scientific data privacy and security and address various classical cyber-attacks and critical quantum attacks. For the context of scientific data privacy and security, our work depicts a hybrid standard structure by performing a systematic exploration of current encipherment model challenges and issues such as the investigation of various susceptibilities of mathematical cryptographic models. In this work, we apply lattice-based coding as the outer layer and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as the inner layer to improve security and efficacy. The proposed security theorem launches the operational veracity of lattice-based coding in the face of quantum attacks, while a complete investigation of the proposed algorithm efficacy vitrines the enhanced security and scalability of the anticipated hybrid standard transversely diverse input sensitive data volumes. Furthermore, this proposed work offers the security confidence score of the hybrid model by the amalgamation of AES and lattice-based cryptography (LBC), hence guaranteeing strength next to both quantum and traditional computing weaknesses. The investigational results prove the improved efficiency of the proposed hybrid model in contrast to traditional and past quantum-resistant models.

Hybrid Encryption Model for Secured Three-Phase Authentication Protocol in IoT

The Internet of things (IoT) has recently received a great deal of attention, and there has been a large increase in the number of IoT devices owing to its significance in current communication networks. In addition, the validation of devices is an important concern and a major safety demand in IoT systems, as any faults in the authentication or identification procedure will lead to threatening attacks that cause the system to close. In this study, a new, three-phase authentication protocol in IoT is implemented. The initial phase concerns the user registration phase, in which encryption takes place with a hybrid Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)–Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) model with an optimization strategy, whereby key generation is optimally accomplished via a Self-Improved Aquila Optimizer (SI-AO). The second and third phases include the login process and the authentication phase, in which information flow control-based authentication is conducted. Finally, decryption is achieved based on the hybrid ECC–AES model. The employed scheme’s improvement is established using various metrics.

COBLAH: A chaotic OBL initialized hybrid algebraic-heuristic algorithm for optimal S-box construction

The Substitution box (S-box) is the main nonlinear component responsible for the cryptographic strength of any Substitution-Permutation Network (SPN) based block cipher. Generating the S-box with optimal cryptographic properties is one of cryptography's most challenging combinatorial problems because of its enormous search space, lack of guidance, and conflicting performance criteria. This paper introduces a novel Chaotic Opposition-based Learning Initialized Hybrid Algebraic-Heuristic (COBLAH) algorithm, combining the favorable traits of Algebraic and heuristics methods based on Galois field inversion, affine mapping, and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The Galois field inversion and affine mapping are used to construct the S-box, while the GA guides the algebraic construction to find the best bit-matrix and additive vector based on any irreducible polynomial for GF(28). GA initializes with a random population generated using a newly constructed cosine-cubic map incorporated with binarization and Opposition-based Learning (OBL). Further, Multi-Objective Optimization Ratio Analysis (MOORA) is utilized to identify the best S-box from the final optimized population. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by comparing the generated COBLAH S-box with more than twenty state-of-the-art S-boxes, including Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Skipjack, Gray, and Affine Power Affine (APA). The COBLAH S-box has nonlinearity 112, Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC) offset 0.0202, Distance to SAC (DSAC) 332, Differential Approximation Probability (DP) 0.0625, Linear Approximation Probability (LP) 0.0156, Bit Independence Criterion-Strict Avalanche Criterion (BIC-SAC) 0.50006, and Bit Independence Criterion-Nonlinearity (BIC-NL) 112, which stands as the optimal observed thus far. The absence of fixed and opposite fixed points and the fact that it adheres to a single cycle aligns the COBLAH S-box with an ideal S-box. In addition, an image encryption mechanism is utilized to encrypt and decrypt the different images sourced from the standard USC-SIPI image dataset using COBLAH S-box and compared against different state-of-the-art S-boxes based on various image characteristics.