Advanced Characterization Techniques Research Articles

Solid‐State Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries: State‐of‐the‐Art and Perspectives

AbstractThe use of all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) has garnered significant attention as a promising solution for advanced energy storage systems. By employing non‐flammable solid electrolytes in ASSLMBs, their safety profile is enhanced, and the use of lithium metal as the anode allows for higher energy density compared to traditional lithium‐ion batteries. To fully realize the potential of ASSLMBs, solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) must meet several requirements. These include high ionic conductivity and Li+ transference number, smooth interfacial contact between SSEs and electrodes, low manufacturing cost, excellent electrochemical stability, and effective suppression of dendrite formation. This paper delves into the essential requirements of SSEs to enable the successful implementation of ASSLMBs. Additionally, the representative state‐of‐the‐art examples of SSEs developed in the past 5 years, showcasing the latest advancements in SSE materials and highlighting their unique properties are discussed. Finally, the paper provides an outlook on achieving balanced and improved SSEs for ASSLMBs, addressing failure mechanisms and solutions, highlighting critical challenges such as the reversibility of Li plating/stripping and thermal runaway, advanced characterization techniques, composite SSEs, computational studies, and potential and challenges of ASS lithium–sulfur and lithium–oxygen batteries. With this consideration, balanced and improved SSEs for ASSLMBs can be realized.

Ceramic matrix composites for corrosion-resistant next-generation nuclear reactor systems: A conceptual review of enhancements in durability against molten salt attack

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are emerging as a key material class for enhancing corrosion resistance in next-generation nuclear reactor systems, particularly in high-temperature molten salt environments. These environments, critical for advanced nuclear reactors such as molten salt reactors (MSRs), present severe challenges, including aggressive chemical attacks that degrade traditional structural materials over time. This conceptual review explores the development and application of CMCs to improve the durability and corrosion resistance of nuclear reactors exposed to molten salt attacks. CMCs, which consist of ceramic fibers embedded in a ceramic matrix, offer significant advantages, such as high thermal stability, mechanical strength, and improved corrosion resistance compared to conventional materials. This review examines how CMCs can be tailored to withstand harsh operational conditions, with a focus on the selection of ceramic phases, fiber-matrix interactions, and innovative fabrication techniques that enhance their protective capabilities. Key challenges addressed include the optimization of composite design to resist molten salt corrosion, the effects of temperature on the material properties, and the long-term stability of CMCs under extreme conditions. Advances in surface treatments, coatings, and the development of hybrid CMC systems are also discussed, highlighting their potential to further enhance durability. The review outlines the use of advanced characterization techniques, such as high-temperature corrosion testing and in situ microscopy, to evaluate CMC performance in molten salt environments. Additionally, it identifies knowledge gaps in current research, emphasizing the need for long-term studies on CMC behavior under realistic reactor conditions. This review concludes by proposing future research directions and technological advancements required to integrate CMCs into next-generation nuclear reactor designs, aiming to improve system reliability and operational safety.

Microstructural Insights and Composition Analysis of a Fractured Brass Alloy of Unknown Composition Using Advanced Characterization Techniques

This study aims to investigate the microstructural and compositional characteristics of a fractured brass alloy using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The brass alloy, initially of unknown composition, was determined to consist of 63.65 at% Cu, and 36.35 at% Zn through EDS analysis. Microstructural analysis via SEM revealed a typical ductile fracture pattern with necking and dimple formation, indicative of significant plastic deformation prior to failure. The alloy exhibited a grain size ranging from 10 µm to 80 µm and displayed both α-phase (FCC structure) and possible traces of β-phase, though XRD detected only the α-phase due to the low concentration of β-phase (<5%). A comparison between EDS and XRD results for analyzing chemical composition showed that good assumptions could be made from the lattice parameters of the binary alloy following Nelson-Relay function to predict an approximate composition in binary alloy systems, which was found to be 34 at% Zn in our analysis. Furthermore, the sample’s crystal structure was confirmed as FCC, which supported its observed ductility and plastic deformation prior to fracture. The SEM analysis also confirmed that the material went through an annealing process. The fracture morphology further showed that the FCC structure and the annealing process both contributed to the material’s increased ductility. The analysis further confirms that EDS is more reliable for chemical composition determination in an alloy system. Evidence of annealing twinning in the SEM images suggests the sample underwent an annealing process, contributing to its enhanced ductility.

Carbon Nanocage Supported Asymmetrically Coordinated Nickle Single-Atom for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction in Membrane Electrode Assembly.

Designing efficient catalysts for operating CO2 electroreduction in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) faces significant obstacles. Herein, we propose an asymmetrically coordinated Ni SAC featuring axial Br coordination at NiN4Br sites anchoring onto hollow Br/N co-doped carbon nanocages, achieved through a NaBr-assisted confined-pyrolysis strategy. The Ni-NBr-C exhibits a high CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO> 97%) over the current density range of 50 to 350 mA cm-2 in the MEA device. Furthermore, Ni-NBr-C shows a stable cell voltage of 2.66 ± 0.2 V while delivering a large current density of 350 mA cm-2 over an 85-hour long-term operation, demonstrating its potential for industrial-scale applications. Advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations reveal that the coordination and doping of Br enhance the intrinsic activity but also highlighted that the unique pore structure improves mass transfer efficiency.

Carbon Nanocage Supported Asymmetrically Coordinated Nickle Single‐Atom for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction in Membrane Electrode Assembly

Designing efficient catalysts for operating CO2 electroreduction in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) faces significant obstacles. Herein, we propose an asymmetrically coordinated Ni SAC featuring axial Br coordination at NiN4Br sites anchoring onto hollow Br/N co‐doped carbon nanocages, achieved through a NaBr‐assisted confined‐pyrolysis strategy. The Ni‐NBr‐C exhibits a high CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO> 97%) over the current density range of 50 to 350 mA cm−2 in the MEA device. Furthermore, Ni‐NBr‐C shows a stable cell voltage of 2.66 ± 0.2 V while delivering a large current density of 350 mA cm−2 over an 85‐hour long‐term operation, demonstrating its potential for industrial‐scale applications. Advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations reveal that the coordination and doping of Br enhance the intrinsic activity but also highlighted that the unique pore structure improves mass transfer efficiency.

Developing a High-Throughput Platform for the Discovery of Sustainable Antibacterial Materials.

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) pose a significant global health challenge, exacerbated by the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study introduces a high-throughput platform designed to identify sustainable antibacterial surfaces, exemplified by a copper-silver-zirconium (CuAgZr) alloy library. Utilizing combinatorial synthesis and advanced characterization techniques, material libraries (MatLibs) are generated and evaluated to rapidly screen diverse alloy compositions. The results demonstrate the ability to reproducibly create alloys with significant antimicrobial properties and high hardness, making them suitable for biomedical applications. The study highlights the critical role of compositional precision in developing materials that balance mechanical strength with antibacterial efficacy. Additionally, this approach ensures significant cost-effectiveness, facilitating the identification of economically viable alloy compositions. This research underscores the potential of high-throughput materials science to expedite the discovery of sustainable solutions for reducing HCAIs and addressing AMR, signaling a leap forward in sustainable healthcare material development.

Effect of Chlorine Inclusion in Wide Band Gap FAPbBr3 Perovskites

AbstractWide bandgap perovskites have recently gained attention owing to their physical properties, versatility, and potential in various optoelectronic devices including LEDs, detectors, and building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). However, BIPV materials must meet conflicting requirements, necessitating high performance, high transparency in the visible spectrum and color neutrality. This study investigates the controlled addition of chlorine in FAPb(Br1‐xClx)3 perovskites to achieve band gaps exceeding 2.4 eV. Increasing chlorine content from xCl = 0.00 to xCl = 0.25 widens the band gap from 2.37 to 2.52 eV, effectively improving the visible light transparency. Advanced characterization techniques including X‐ray diffraction, synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence imaging, and fast transient absorption spectroscopy, complemented by density functional theory, reveal insights into absorption properties, electronic structure, and ultrafast recombination dynamics as a function of the thin film chemical composition. Furthermore, this study evaluates energetic disorder, carrier recombination rates, and non‐radiative losses for different compositions by extracting quantitative parameters such as Urbach energy and quasi‐Fermi level splitting, offering novel insights and guidelines for the design and optimization of emerging photovoltaic (PV) materials. Optimal PV performance metrics are achieved with a wide bandgap bromine perovskite containing 14% chlorine, striking a balance between morphology, transparency, and voltage losses.

Synthesis Techniques and Biomedical Applications of Cyclodextrin Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Cyclodextrin Metal-Organic Frameworks (CD MOFs) represent an innovative class of materials with remarkable properties and a broad range of applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis techniques, structural characterization, and diverse applications of CD-MOFs. By combining cyclodextrins (CDs) with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), CD-MOFs are developed with enhanced functionality. The synthesis methods, including various metal sources, coordination modes, and post-synthesis modifications, are discussed alongside advanced structural characterization techniques like X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods. The unique characteristics of CD-MOFs, such as high specific surface area, tunable porosity, and customizable chemical structure, make them exceptional candidates for applications in gas adsorption, drug delivery, catalysis, sensing, and environmental remediation. Notably, CD-MOFs show significant promise as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems, offering improved therapeutic outcomes due to their efficient encapsulation and controlled release capabilities. The review highlights recent advancements and underscores the potential impact of CD-MOFs in driving future innovations across various scientific fields.

Unravelling Disorder in Aperiodic Crystals – Diffuse Scattering and Atomic Resolution Holography

AbstractThe atomic‐scale disorder of aperiodic crystals, and quasicrystals in particular, is inherently difficult to explore by experimental methods due to their complex atomic arrangements. Two advanced characterization techniques, a revived and an emerging one, offer direct experimental access even to such complex atomic structures: Diffuse Scattering and Atomic Resolution Holography. In this overview, we introduce their specific application to aperiodic crystals and discuss their merits and difficulties.

The integral role of high‐entropy alloys in advancing solid‐state hydrogen storage

AbstractHigh‐entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as a groundbreaking class of materials poised to revolutionize solid‐state hydrogen storage technology. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate interplay between the unique compositional and structural attributes of HEAs and their remarkable hydrogen storage performance. By meticulously exploring the design strategies and synthesis techniques, encompassing experimental procedures, thermodynamic calculations, and machine learning approaches, this work illuminates the vast potential of HEAs in surmounting the challenges faced by conventional hydrogen storage materials. The review underscores the pivotal role of HEAs' diverse elemental landscape and phase dynamics in tailoring their hydrogen storage properties. It elucidates the complex mechanisms governing hydrogen absorption, diffusion, and desorption within these novel alloys, offering insights into enhancing their reversibility, cycling stability, and safety characteristics. Moreover, it highlights the transformative impact of advanced characterization techniques and computational modeling in unraveling the structure–property relationships and guiding the rational design of high‐performance HEAs for hydrogen storage applications. By bridging the gap between fundamental science and practical implementation, this review sets the stage for the development of next‐generation solid‐state hydrogen storage solutions. It identifies key research directions and strategies to accelerate the deployment of HEAs in hydrogen storage systems, including the optimization of synthesis routes, the integration of multiscale characterization, and the harnessing of data‐driven approaches. Ultimately, this comprehensive analysis serves as a roadmap for the scientific community, paving the way for the widespread adoption of HEAs as a disruptive technology in the pursuit of sustainable and efficient hydrogen storage for a clean energy future.

Sulfur Distribution Analysis in Lithium−Sulfur Cathode via Confined Inverse Vulcanization in Carbon Frameworks

AbstractLithium–Sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy density. However, challenges such as the shuttling effect and volume expansion have significantly hindered their cycle life and capacity retention. Furthermore, the complex kinetic pathways in Li–S batteries call for advanced characterization techniques to unravel underlying mechanisms. In this study, a hollow porous carbon (HPC) is used as a microreactor, where inverse vulcanization occurs between 1,3‐diisopropylbenzene (DIB) and sulfur (S8), resulting in the creation of three‐dimensionally interconnected and well‐distributed S‐DIB in carbon frameworks. As a result, the dual confinement strategy imparts Li–S coin cells with remarkable cycling stability and capacity retention, exhibiting an impressive capacity of 866 mAh g−1 when returning to 0.1 C after 100 cycles of rate capability tests. Particularly, the Energy‐selective Backscattered (EsB) assisted Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) technique as a novel approach is introduced to distinguish different lengths of polysulfides. Their distribution is visualized in the cross‐section view of the electrode in a micrometer range. These EsB images provide concrete indications of the sulfur evolution process and explain the capacity degradation during cycling.

Enhancing Energy Harvesting Efficiency from Ambient Sources through Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology

The utilization of ambient energy sources for powering small-scale electronic devices and sensors has garnered significant attention due to its potential for sustainable and autonomous operation. This research focuses on enhancing the efficiency of energy harvesting from ambient sources, such as vibrations, heat differentials, and electromagnetic fields, through the integration of advanced materials and nanotechnology into energy harvesting systems. The study begins with a comprehensive review of existing energy harvesting technologies, highlighting their limitations in terms of efficiency, scalability, and adaptability to various ambient energy sources. It identifies the key challenges faced in achieving high energy conversion rates and explores the potential of advanced materials and nanoscale structures to address these challenges. One aspect of the research involves the development and characterization of novel materials with superior energy conversion properties. This includes the synthesis of piezoelectric materials for vibration energy harvesting, thermoelectric materials for heat-to-electricity conversion, and nanomaterials for enhancing electromagnetic energy harvesting efficiency. Advanced characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), are employed to analyze the structural and electrical properties of these materials. Furthermore, the study investigates the design and fabrication of nanostructured energy harvesting devices optimized for specific ambient energy sources. This involves the integration of nanoscale components, such as nanostructured electrodes, into energy harvesting systems to improve energy capture and conversion rates. Finite element analysis (FEA) simulations and experimental testing are conducted to evaluate the performance and efficiency of these nano-enhanced energy harvesting devices under real-world conditions. The research also addresses the optimization of energy harvesting system parameters, including resonance tuning, impedance matching, and energy management circuits, to maximize energy extraction and utilization. Computational modeling techniques, such as multiscale modeling and finite element simulations, are utilized to optimize system configurations and improve overall energy harvesting efficiency. Overall, this research contributes to the advancement of energy harvesting technologies by leveraging advanced materials and nanotechnology, paving the way for sustainable and autonomous power generation from ambient energy sources for a wide range of applications.

Anode-Free Li Metal Batteries: Feasibility Analysis and Practical Strategy.

Energy storage devices are striving to achieve high energy density, long lifespan, and enhanced safety. In view of the current popular lithiated cathode, anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) will deliver the theoretical maximum energy density among all the battery chemistries. However, AFLMBs face challenges such as low plating-stripping efficiency, significant volume change, and severe Li-dendrite growth, which negatively impact their lifespan and safety. This study provides an overview and analysis of recent progress in electrode structure, characterization, performance, and practical challenges of AFLMBs. The deposition behavior of lithium is categorized into two stages: heterogeneous and homogeneous interface deposition. The feasibility and practical application value of AFLMBs are critically evaluated. Additionally, key test models, evaluation parameters, and advanced characterization techniques are discussed. Importantly, practical strategies of different battery components in AFLMBs, including current collector, interface layer, solid-state electrolyte, liquid-state electrolyte, cathode, and cycling protocol, are presented to address the challenges posed by the two types of deposition processes, lithium loss, crosstalk effect and volume change. Finally, the application prospects of AFLMBs are envisioned, with a focus on overcoming the current limitations and unlocking their full potential as high-performance energy storage solutions.

From in-situ experimentation to in-line metrology: Advanced imaging characterization for battery research and manufacturing

The continuous advancement of battery technology necessitates innovative approaches in both research and manufacturing to ensure improved performance, reliability, and safety. This article explores the critical role of advanced imaging characterization techniques, spanning from in-situ experimentation to in-line metrology, in the development and production of lithium-ion batteries. By integrating real-time imaging and diagnostic tools, researchers and manufacturers can gain unprecedented insights into the electrochemical processes, material behaviors, structural defects and their evolutions in commercial-grade batteries. This comprehensive characterization enables the optimization of material compositions, electrode designs, and manufacturing processes, ultimately enhancing the efficiency and longevity of batteries. The synergy between in-situ experimentation and in-line metrology provides a robust framework for addressing the complex challenges in battery research and manufacturing, paving the way for innovations that will meet the growing demands of energy storage systems.

Graphene oxide dispersed rose-petals based green chemistry synthesis of hybrid composite for novel spectroscopic applications

Rosa Santana family includes the rose, a highly prized decorative plant having symbolic, cultural, and commercial value. The exploration of graphene-based nanocomposites has expanded significantly, with recent research focusing on integrating these materials into natural and sustainable matrices. This study investigates the dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) within the biological structure of rose-petals, representing a novel approach to developing eco-friendly nanocomposites. The rich colours of the roses are ascribed to pigments such as flavanols, carotenoids, and anthocyanin. Carotenoids, which are found in natural colours including yellow, orange, violet, as well as another ingredient found in rose petals. By leveraging the inherent properties of rose petals, such as their unique properties and surface morphology and biocompatibility, this work highlights the potential of GO to enhance the mechanical, electrical, and optical characteristics of the composite. Advanced characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical analysis, are employed to understand the interaction between GO and the rose petal substrate. The techniques of FT-IR, EDS, XRD, SEM, energy band gap, and CV were used in characterize the synthesis of doped graphene using rose petals extract. The findings underscore the synergistic effects of this natural-synthetic hybrid system, opening pathways to innovative applications in flexible electronics, biosensors, and sustainable material design. The novelty of this research lies in its foundational exploration of integrating graphene oxide with organic substrates like rose petals, offering a new direction for the development of environmentally benign graphene nanocomposites. Green chemistry based novel nanocomposite may open up new avenues for production of graphene oxide homogenious dispersion with rose-petal extract.

Mechanisms of manganese-tolerant Bacillus brevis MM2 mediated oxytetracycline biodegradation process

Addressing the environmental threat of oxytetracycline (OTC) contamination, this study harnesses the bioremediation capabilities of Bacillus brevis MM2, a manganese-oxidizing bacterium from acid mine drainage. We demonstrate the strain's exceptional efficiency in degrading OTC under high manganese conditions, with complete removal achieved within 24 h. The degradation is facilitated by the production of Bio-MnOx, utilizing their high redox potential and large specific surface area, which significantly enhance the adsorption and oxidation of OTC. Advanced characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, High Resolution-Transmission Electronic Microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, provide a detailed analysis of the structural and functional properties of Bio-MnOx. The study also reveals the crucial role of Mn(III) intermediates and reactive oxygen species in the OTC degradation process, with quenching experiments validating their substantial impact on efficiency. Laccase activity, a key manganese-oxidizing enzyme, is assessed spectrophotometrically, further highlighting the enzymatic contribution to Mn(II) oxidation and OTC breakdown. This research contributes valuable insights and approaches for the targeted bioremediation of OTC-contaminated aquatic environments, offering a promising strategy for combating pollution from antibiotics and analogous compounds.

Enhanced Hydrolysis of Carbonyl Sulfide in Coking Oven Gas Utilizing an Efficient Ca-Ba-γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

China possesses a substantial capacity for coke production, resulting in the annual generation of over 100 billion standard cubic meters of the by-product coke oven gas. The comprehensive utilization of this gas has emerged as a matter of significant concern within the coking industry. The removal of carbonyl sulfide (COS) from coke oven gas is crucial for enhancing gas quality, mitigating equipment corrosion, minimizing environmental pollution, elevating the quality of recovered products, and fostering the production of high-quality steel. A novel Ca-Ba-γ-Al2O3 catalyst has been devised, employing γ-Al2O3 as the catalyst matrix and integrating calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) alongside barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba(OH)2·8H2O) as the alkaline activating components. The impact of various factors, including reaction temperature, humidity, and the number of activating components loaded, on the hydrolysis efficiency of COS has been meticulously investigated. Furthermore, the catalytic reaction mechanism has been elucidated utilizing advanced characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The outcomes of this research reveal that, under optimal conditions of a reaction temperature of 55 °C and a humidity of 56%, the Ca-Ba-γ-Al2O3 catalyst achieves a remarkable COS hydrolysis efficiency of 95.22%.

How does the coupled action of freeze - Thaw and acidification affect the release of toxic elements from indigenous Zn smelting slags?

Under complicated field conditions, such as the coupled effects of freeze - thaw cycles (FTs) and acidification, the leaching behavior of potentially toxic element (PTEs) from indigenous Zn smelting slags (ZSS) was intricately connected to the mineralogy (e.g., the composition, assemblage, microstructure of mineral particles). In this study, FTs tests were carried out to explore the interactions between PTEs release and ZSS mineralogy. Subsequently, advanced characterization techniques were adopted to quantify the mineralogy and microstructure of ZSS. The results indicated that ZSS were mainly composed of silicate minerals (e.g., quartz, biotite and chlorite) and secondary Fe (III) oxyhydroxides (e.g., magnetite and limonite), accounting for 67.48% and 24.23%, respectively. The occurrence mode analysis revealed that 81.95% of As, 21.31% of Pb and 7.77% of Zn were hosted in limonite. About 37.89%, 59.34% and 34.50% of Cd, Pb and Zn were associated with carbonate bound fractions. Under FTs interacting with different pH conditions, the leaching concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn did not significantly increase with the increase in FTs and pH. The microstructure damage of mineral particles in ZSS with the higher porosity was caused by both FTs and proton corrosion. More importantly, the geochemical modeling results suggested that the precipitation of hematite and magnetite might have little impacts on PTEs release under FTs and FTs with acidification. This work would provide a deeper understanding of PTEs release from smelting waste slags under complex physicochemical interactions.

Enhancement of ethylene selectivity in chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane using manganese-based redox catalysts supported on HY zeolite

As the crucial role of zeolite catalysts becomes increasingly prominent in refining and petrochemical industries, this study introduces a novel application of xMn / HY catalysts in ethane catalytic dehydrogenation via Chemical Looping Oxidative Dehydrogenation (CL-ODH). The synergistic effect of manganese oxides on the HY framework and a moderate amount of acidic sites within the catalyst facilitates the cleavage of C-H bonds and the desorption of olefins, which are vital for advancing ethane CL-ODH. We identified the reasons for maintaining high ethylene selectivity using advanced characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, and Py-IR. Notably, under optimized conditions at 700 °C with a gas time-space velocity (GHSV) of 1800 mL·h−1·g−1, the 3Mn/HY catalyst achieved approximately 97.1 % selectivity for ethylene and a 22.7 % conversion of ethane. These findings present a scalable route for ethylene production, showcasing significant industrial relevance by potentially reducing energy costs and improving yield.

Magnetically separable quaternary g-C3N4/Fe3O4/AgBr/rGO nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water under visible light irradiation

Novel photocatalytic-magnetic hybrid quaternary nanocomposite (g-C3N4/Fe3O4/AgBr/rGO) was successfully synthesized for the first time via ultrasonication-assisted wet chemistry technique. The nanocomposite was characterized using various advanced characterization techniques and its visible photocatalytic performance was analyzed by using ofloxacin (OFL) as target pollutant. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency was 100 % under conditions (pH 6.65, 0.1 g/L nanocomposite and 10 mg/L OFL) in 5 h. The pseudo-first-order kinetic constant of g-C3N4/Fe3O4/AgBr/rGO was as high as 1.1832 h−1. Evaluation of different catalysts, catalyst dosage, initial concentrations of OFL and initial solution pH have been studied. Based on the scavenging tests, benzoquinone (BQ) significantly decreased the removal efficiency of OFL to 41.4 %, indicating that O2− served as the dominant radical involved in the reaction. More importantly, after undergoing five cycles, the g-C3N4/Fe3O4/AgBr/rGO nanocomposite demonstrated robust stability and was effectively separated from the solution through magnetic means. The remarkable performance of g-C3N4/Fe3O4/AgBr/rGO is linked to substantial utilization of visible light and facilitation of Z-scheme heterojunctions, thereby facilitating charge separation. The quaternary nanocomposite exhibits auspicious potential for effectively degrading emerging organic pollutants and has bright application forecast for practical application in wastewater treatment.