Adulthood Research Articles

Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months, in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta analysis

IntroductionDespite several strategies exist for anemia prevention and control, it has been the major public health important problem in the world. Numerous immediate and long-term health issues were reported in children who have history of anemia including decreased work productivity in adult hood period. Although analyzing data on burden and risk factors of anemia are the recommended action areas of World Health Organization framework for accelerating anemia reduction, the aggregated national burden and contributors of anemia in Ethiopia has not been determined so far. There for, this systematic and meta-analysis study is aimed to assess the pooled prevalence and associated factors of anemia among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia.MethodsThe electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google scholar and institutional repositories were searched using search terms. The studies that reported the prevalence and/or risk factors of anemia in children 6–23 months of age were included. The JBI quality assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of each study. The data was extracted with Microsoft Excel, 2019 and analyzed with STATA 17.0 statistical software. A random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of anemia and its associated factors. The Cochrane Q-test statistics and I2 test were used to measure heterogeneity between the included studies. Furthermore, publication bias was examined using the funnel plot graph and statistical tests (Egger’s and begg tests). Outliers also visualized using Galbraith plot. When necessary, sensitivity analysis was also employed to detect small study effect.ResultTen studies with a total population of 14, 733 were included for analysis. The pooled prevalence of anemia among children aged 6–23 months of age in Ethiopia was found to be 57.76% (95%CI; 51.61–63.91; I2 = 97.192%; p < 0.001). Having history of diarrhea AOR = 2.44 (95%CI: 1.03–3.85), being stunted AOR = 2.00 (95%CI: 1.38–2.61), living in food insecure house hold AOR = 2.08 (95%CI: 1.10–3.07), consuming less diversified food AOR = 2.73 (95%CI: 2.06–3.39) and being 6–11 months of age AOR = 1.59 (95%CI: 1.23–1.95) were associated with anemia.Conclusion and recommendationThe prevalence of anemia is in the range of severe public health problem among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia. Diarrhea, stunting, house hold food insecurity, dietary diversity, and age were the predictors of anemia. Further, prospective cohort and random controlled trial studies are recommended. Further, random controlled trial especially effectiveness of nutritional education interventions trial is important. To reduce prevalence of anemia, strengthening diarrhea reduction program, securing household food insecurity, preventing stunting, giving special attention for infants age 6–11 months and encouraging food diversification are important.

Body Mass Trajectory Affects the Long-Term Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Patients with Severe Obesity.

Independently of absolute BMI values, the amount, onset date, and duration of early body weight gain may influence cardio-metabolic health later in adulthood. Values of cardiac and metabolic variables from a cohort study of morbidly obese patients were retrospectively analyzed to study the association between early weight history and metabolic syndrome (MetS) occurrence in adults. Of 950 patients with severe morbid obesity (age 44.3 ± 13.8 y, BMI 42.5 ± 7.0 kg/m2), 31.4% had started excess weight gain in childhood (CH), 19.9% in adolescence (ADO), and 48.7% in adulthood (AD). Despite different BMI values, MetS prevalence (57.8%) was not significantly different in the three groups (54.4% CH vs. 57.7% ADO vs. 59.8% AD, p = 0.59). The overweight onset period was not significantly associated with the development of MetS in adults (ADO: OR = 1.14 [0.69-1.92], p = 0.60; AD: OR = 0.99 [0.62-1.56], p = 0.95) despite a higher BMI in the early obesity onset group. Weight gain of more than 50% after age 18 years significantly increased the risk of MetS (OR = 1.75 [1.07-2.88], p = 0.026). In addition to crude BMI values, analysis of body mass trajectories is a relevant clinical tool in the assessment of metabolic risk, suggesting that the magnitude of weight gain may be more important for metabolic syndrome progression than the period of obesity onset.

Relationship of family related factors with dental caries prevalence in 5 years old children of different schools of Hyderabad.

Introduction: The habits children have included in life; continues to make the choices they make as adults. According to social learning theory these habits are derived through supervision, learning and modelling. For a child, most significant are primarily father and mother and their immediate family members. All these factors have the collective ability to influence the child's oral health outcomes.&#x0D; Objective: To examine the dental caries rate in 5 year’s old school children and influence of their family related habits and socio demographic factors on child’s dental caries experience and their oral health behavior.&#x0D; Methodology: This study conducted upon sample of 600 school children selected through random sampling from primary private and Government primary schools of Qasimabad Hyderabad Sindh during period of October 2015 to December 2015. &#x0D; Results: shows that out of 600 children 330 (55%) were boys and 270 (45%) were girls. Boys 245 (40%) were affected from caries and 85 (14%) were free from caries. In relation to parental education; 44 (7.3%) child boys whom parents were highly educated were found affected by caries 44(7.3%), while 3 (0.5%) boys were free from caries. Girls whose parents were highly educated affected by caries were 44(7.3%), caries free were 12(2%) Boys whose parents have incomplete secondary education/ vocational school were affected by caries 162(27%) and caries free were 82(13.6%). Girls whose parents have incomplete secondary / vocational school were affected by caries 145 (24.1%). Boys whose parents were having low level of education affected by caries were 39(6.5%) while caries free were 0 (0%). Girls whose parents have low level of education were affected by caries were 69 (11.5%) while caries free were 0 (0%) .&#x0D; Conclusion: Life style choices are the habits that are formed in childhood and dictated as in adult hood. Thus, assessing family related risk factor regarding oral health is essential when conducting preventive treatment programs for children because education on oral hygiene maintenance and regular preventive dental health checkups are very important in order to prevent oral diseases.&#x0D; Key words: Dental Caries, primary dentition.&#x0D;

Longitudinal reciprocal associations between depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders over three decades of life

Background and objectiveStudies exploring longitudinal reciprocal associations between depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders (DD, AD and SUD, respectively) over long periods of time are mainly lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to test longitudinal associations (i.e. temporal dynamics) between DD, AD and SUD from young adulthood to middle adulthood. MethodsA stratified community sample of 591 participants from the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, was interviewed with the Structured Psychopathological Interview and Rating of the Social Consequences of Psychological Disturbances for Epidemiology over seven interview waves from ages 20/21 to 49/50. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria were used to evaluate the presence of DD, AD and SUD. We fitted an auto-regressive cross-lagged path analysis within a Bayesian structural equation model to test longitudinal associations. ResultsRegarding autoregressive effects, AD (except during young adulthood) and SUD predicted themselves over the entire time period, while DD recurrently predicted itself not consistently over time. Regarding cross-lagged effects, DD predicted SUD at different time points, and vice versa. DD predicted subsequent AD in adulthood, whereas the reverse did not happen. Female gender was associated with DD and AD at all ages while male gender was associated with SUD only in young adulthood. ConclusionsReciprocal longitudinal associations were found between DD and SUD and DD usually preceded AD. Our results further confirm an increased risk of DD and AD in women and a higher risk of SUD in young men. Early treatment and broad psychosocial interventions should be provided in order to prevent chronicity and further maladjustment as well as interrupting the cycle of mutual reinforcement between DD and SUD.

Association of Signs and Symptoms at Menarche with Pitta Pre-dominant Prakriti: An Observational Study

Background: Menarche a sign of puberty which links childhood to adult hood. It is the phase of progression of sexual characters required at the adolescent’s age. It is seen that premenstrual symptoms regularly occurs in luteal phase of menstrual cycle. Similarly, when we can see premenarcheal symptoms in luteal phase of first menstrual cycle. Bhawmishra has explained that difference in color is due to different Prakriti es of individuals and vitiated doshas are responsible for symptoms like pain and burning sensation.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A total 673 girls were screened from Wardha city and out of them 150 were recruited for the study. Data were gathered with the help of specially designed proforma and Prakriti questionnaire. Qualitative analysis was done based on recorded data.&#x0D; Observation &amp; Results: Around 105 girls with Pitta Prakriti noted the problem of dysmenorrhea. Various observations were recorded based on regularity (16.67%)- irregularity (83.33%), quantity (Excess 19.34%, Moderate 68.66%, Scanty 12%), consistency (Clot 23.34%, Viscous 37.33%, Watery 39.33%), smell (Foul 18.67%, Normal 81.33%), dysmenorrhea condition (No 30%, Yes 70%), pain intensity (High 16.67%, Medium 72.67%, Scanty 10.66%) and other associated sign &amp; symptoms like back pain, headache, pain in abdomen, body ache, stomach pain.&#x0D; Conclusion: It was concluded that average age group were seen around 12 years, majority of participants had watery flow and viscid flow which can be explained as Pitta dosha has dominance of Agni. The duration of menstruation was seen averagely about 6 days in most of the participants.

Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult Hood

Obesity Prevention through Physical Activity in Adult Hood

The Mediation Effects of Self-Concept Clarity and Perception of Emerging Adulthood in the Relationship between Perceived Parental Rearing Attitudes and Psychological Well-being of University students

The Mediation Effects of Self-Concept Clarity and Perception of Emerging Adulthood in the Relationship between Perceived Parental Rearing Attitudes and Psychological Well-being of University students

Daimi Birinci Molar Dişin Geç Dönemde Çekiminden Sonra İdeal Spontan Yer Kapanması: Bir Olgu Serisi

OBJECTIVE: Before they haven't completed its development, permanent first molar(PFM) teeth which have been decayed and treated with root canal therapy is mostly extracted before the child even reaches adult hood. With correct evaluation of patient, these extracted teeth’s space can be ideally closed by permanent second molars(PSM). The aim of the study is to learn under which conditions we can provide ideal closure and occlusion in patients who refer to us in a late stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 695 patients aged 6-16 years who had PFM tooth extracted at a Faculty of Dentistry were retrospectively evaluated from the system. 117 patients had their PFM tooth extracted after the ideal age range and 15 of them were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Panoramic films of 21 teeth of 15 patients with spontaneous ideal closure were evaluated before extraction and after eruption of PSM teeth. The contact between the PSM and the second premolar was recorded and intraoral photographs were taken. Rotations in the PSM and second premolars, axis disturbances towards the linguale/buccal, midline deviations in both jaws, TMJ dysfunctions and chewing habits were evaluated. RESULTS: When PFM extraction was performed, PSM development stage was determined as Demirjian G in 19 teeth and H stage in 2 teeth. Tipping was observed in 80%, and rotation in 9.5% of the PSM teeth. Clinically, it has been determined that 85% of the patients don’t notice the PFM deficiency, don’t complain about their teeth and don’t consider orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, it has been observed that ideal spontaneous space closure and ideal occlusion can be achieved, although it was extracted in late period. In ideal occlusion, rotation or tipping after extraction in late period; permanent third molar presence and eruption pressure were more effective than the eruption direction and angle of the PSM tooth.

The Validation of Korean Student Career Construction Inventory: Focusing on emerging adulthood

The Validation of Korean Student Career Construction Inventory: Focusing on emerging adulthood

Dislipidemia na infância e adolescência: um olhar para educação em saúde

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico situacional da prevalência de dislipidemias em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil. E, verificar na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) se há uma proposta de abordagem nas escolas brasileiras sobre hábitos saudáveis de vida e promoção da saúde. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa utilizando-se da abordagem da revisão integrativa de dados do perfil lipídico disponíveis em teses e dissertações. A avaliação interpretativa da BNCC foi realizada através da descrição de habilidades e competências das disciplinas de Educação Física, Ciências e Biologia para verificar a presença do tema promoção da saúde e provocar uma reflexão sobre maneiras ou formas de abordagem desse conteúdo no ensino do país. Os resultados demonstram que é alta a prevalência de dislipidemia em crianças e adolescentes propiciando um potencial risco para o desenvolvimento de doença cardiovascular na vida adulta. Além disso, de acordo com a BNCC, as diretrizes de orientação do tema nos âmbitos escolares ocorrem de forma discreta e somente após a idade na qual os hábitos individuais já estão estabelecidos. Portanto, este estudo mostra a necessidade de medidas para o diagnóstico precoce, associado a programas de prevenção das dislipidemias e ações de educação, conscientização e definição de políticas públicas voltadas à promoção da saúde. Além disso, sugere que o conhecimento científico articulado ao Ensino de Ciências, pode estimular o processo de percepção dos educandos sobre a importância de uma rotina de vida fisicamente ativa e a implantação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, para a promoção da saúde.

Preparation for Adulthood

Preparation for Adulthood

Stunting Pada Anak Usia Dini

Malnutrition and stunting are two interrelated problems. Stunting in children is the result of nutrient deficiency during the first thousand days of life. This causes irreversible disturbances in the physical development of the child, causing a decrease in work performance. Stunted children had a mean Intelligence Quotient (IQ) score, eleven points lower than the average IQ score in normal children. Disorders of growth and development in children due to malnutrition if they do not get intervention from an early age will continue into adulthood. The research method used is a phenomenological qualitative method. Researchers will examine cases of stunting in Mirat Village, Lewimunding District, Majalengka Regency. Sample 2 children who were stunted in Mirat Village, Lewimundin District. Research data source UPTD Puskesmas Lewimunding District. Based on the results of researchers' interviews with nutritionists and environmental health workers (Kesling), as well as observations of two stunted children as well as interviews with parents, it was found that the factors that influence stunting are as follows: a diet that does not fulfill a balanced nutrition during the pregnancy process. and after the baby is born, the child's diet from birth to two years of age, exclusive breastfeeding for less than 6 months, complementary feeding (complementary feeding) too early (less than six months), improper parenting (often yelling at children, less close to children, taking actions that make children away from their parents), poor environmental sanitation, not introducing toilet training to children early on, and genetics does not have a significant role in the incidence of stunting&#x0D; Abstrak&#x0D; Kurang gizi dan stunting merupakan dua masalah yang saling berhubungan. Stunting pada anak merupakan dampak dari defisiensi nutrient selama seribu hari pertama kehidupan. Hal ini menimbulkan gangguan perkembangan fisik anak yang irreversible, sehingga menyebabkan penurunan performa kerja. Anak stunting memiliki rerata skor Intelligence Quotient (IQ) sebelas poin lebih rendah dibandingkan rerata skor IQ pada anak normal. Gangguan tumbuh kembang pada anak akibat kekurangan gizi bila tidak mendapatkan intervensi sejak dini akan berlanjut hingga dewasa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode kualitatif fenomenologi. Peneliti akan meneliti kasus stunting di Desa Mirat Kecamatan Lewimunding Kabupaten Majalengka. Sampel 2 anak yang mengalami stunting di Desa Mirat Kecamatan Lewimundin. Sumber data Penelitian UPTD Puskesmas Kecamatan Lewimunding. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara peneliti dengan ahli gizi dan petugas kesehatan lingkungan (kesling), serta dilakukan pula observasi kepada dua anak stunting juga wawancara kepada orangtua, ditemukan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi stunting ialah sebagai berikut: pola makan yang tidak memenuhi gizi seimbang selama proses kehamilan dan setelah bayi lahir, pola makan anak sejak lahir sampai usia dua tahun, pemberian ASI eksklusif yang kurang dari 6 bulan, pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MPASI) terlalu dini (kurang dari enam bulan), pengasuhan orangtua yang kurang tepat (sering membentak anak, kurang dekat dengan anak, melakukan tindakan yang membuat anak menjauh dari orangtua), sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang baik, tidak mengenalkan toilet training kepada anak sejak dini, dan genetic tidak memiliki peran signifikan terhadap kejadian stunting

Introduction The 99th Berzelius symposium: the Cardiac Patient from Birth to Adulthood.

Content List ‐ Read more articles from the symposium: “The 99th Berzelius symposium: The Cardiac Patient from Birth to Adulthood”.

Investigating the Mothers’ Perspectives on the Early Adulthood of Persons with Developmental Disabilities Living at Home

Investigating the Mothers’ Perspectives on the Early Adulthood of Persons with Developmental Disabilities Living at Home

Predicting Non-Attendance: A Model of the Complex Relationships in Dental Care Non-Attendance among Adolescents in Örebro County, Sweden

Background: Understanding why adolescents miss dental appointments is central to promoting people’s oral health into adulthood. Studies on non-attendant adolescents are rare. Method: In our previous study using data from the 2014 population-based cross-sectional survey of schoolchildren in ?rebro County, Sweden we suggested a risk-factor model for non-attendance with five components (sociodemographic factors, self-rated health, perceived life events, health behaviour, social cohesion and social capital). The present study tested the external validity of the multivariate model for all components simultaneously developed from the 2014 study using a new population-based cross- sectional survey (n = 7576) of schoolchildren in ?rebro County, Sweden 2017. Using the predicted values from the 2014-logistic regression, we computed ROC-curves for the 2014 and 2017 study populations, respectively. Results: Of the 6 304 adolescents who answered the question of attendance to dental health care and all eleven independent items in 2017, 324 (5.1%) reported that they sought dental care only for acute pain or not at all, thus regarded as non-attendant. When using the risk model based on the 2014 data for the 2017 data, the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for non-attendance adolescents was 0.74 (95% CI 0.71 - 0.76). Conclusion: The present study shows that the model created from the 2014 population-based survey has excellent discriminative performance (AUC) in the 2017 population-based survey predicting non-attending adolescents. The methodology applied in this study may be useful to other health care services to develop predictive non-attending models based on their specific population.

Bakery Product Choices and Behavior Change for Different Generations

This study aims to determine the factors that are considered in consuming bakery products and changes in different generation's behavior. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Check the validity of the data using source triangulation. The results showed that shopping behavior and methods were different for each generation. Each generation has its characteristics or characteristics in determining purchasing decisions. These characteristics are influenced by their lifestyle and mindset along with the times. Generation Y and Z have far differences from previous generations, not a problem with age differences but more on the way they perceive the world, mindset, self-concept, attitudes, and behavior. This is influenced by the presence of technology when this generation begins to enter adolescence and adulthood. Information technology has become an essential part of their lives and difficult to release in their lives. The results showed that the factors considered in consuming are price, brand image, choice of product variants, convenience, and service factors.

Emerging Adulthood: All Grown Up

Emerging Adulthood: All Grown Up

Fatores biológicos do nascimento e o excesso de peso de adolescentes: prospectando sobre o imprinting metabólico

Estudo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em duas escolas municipais de Campina Grande-PB, com escolares entre 10 e 16 anos 11 meses e 29 dias, com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário e medidas antropométricas, entre maio e agosto de 2018. A seleção da amostra foi conglomerada e estratificada por porte escolar, sendo a amostra final constituída por 71 escolares. Foram excluídos os que apresentassem limitação motora, cognitiva e pulmonar; presença de síndrome genética; realização de tratamento para emagrecer; uso de medicamentos que alterem o metabolismo; condição de puerpério, gravidez ou lactação. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se o programa SPSS - versão 22.0, considerando o nível de significância estatística de 5%. Dos 71 escolares avaliados, a média de idade foi de 12,7 anos, maior parte com sobrepeso, maioria do sexo feminino para excesso de peso (EP) como um todo, e destaque para obesidade em meninos. Além disso, foi observado que a maioria não realizou o AME recomendado por no mínimo seis meses, e a maior parte nasceu com peso adequado para a idade gestacional. Apesar da maioria das variáveis relacionadas não apresentarem significância estatística entre os EP, compreender essa dinâmica entre estes fatores biológicos do nascimento constitui tarefa primordial de forma a complementar o quadro de componentes associados ao aumento do EP. Assim, com vistas na prevenção, importa investigar os fatores biológicos do nascimento visando entender e fornecer subsídios para intervir no meio, evitando a ocorrência de efeitos deletérios à saúde dos infantes na vida adulta.

“Estaba bien chiquito” (I Was Very Young): The Transition to Adulthood and “Illegality” of the Mexican and Central American 1.25 Generation:

Knowledge on the transition to adulthood of undocumented immigrants arriving in childhood primarily derives from the experiences of minors arriving below the age of 13 years—or the 1.5 generation. ...

A 30th Birthday Reveal… Diagnosis of Symptomatic Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Adulthood

Introduction: More commonly found in pediatrics, patent ductus arteriosus is rarely diagnosed in adulthood since most cases are identified and treated early in life. Often times, the patent ductus is small and not clinically significant. As such, it is unusual to find a symptomatic PDA in an adult and these patients are at increased risk for bacterial endocarditis, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, and death. Case Report: We present the case of a 30-year-old Guatemalan man who presented to the emergency department with daily episodic dizziness for 1 week, described as a disequilibrium with darkened vision occurring …