Adult Personality Traits Research Articles

Predicting Aging Perception Based on Personality Traits in Older Adults Visiting Health Centers in Mashhad

Predicting Aging Perception Based on Personality Traits in Older Adults Visiting Health Centers in Mashhad

The Relationship Between Smile Type, Dental Composition, and Personality Traits in Young Adults

Introduction. This study investigates the complex interplay between dental compositions, smile styles, and personality traits in young adults seeking oral and dental care, guided by the Visagism paradigm. Methods. A total of 150 young adult volunteers aged 18-35 years participated in the study. The participants completed a questionnaire designed to assess personality traits. A survey containing various personality characteristics was administered to determine the participants’ fundamental personality traits, with respondents encouraged to indicate the traits they most closely identified with honestly. Based on the survey responses, individuals were categorized into one of four main personality groups: melancholic/sensitive, sanguine/dynamic, choleric/strong, and phlegmatic/peaceful. Subsequently, a careful clinical examination was conducted to assess each patient’s tooth form, smile style, and the visibility of teeth and gums at different smile stages (stages III and IV). Statistical analysis was then conducted. Results. Oval tooth forms (36%) and the commissure (Mona Lisa) smile style (72.5%) were most frequently observed, aligning with previous research. Notably, women exhibited a higher prevalence of a melancholic temperament. However, the study found no significant relationship between self-reported personality traits and dental compositions or smile styles. Conclusions. The study did not confirm a significant association between personality traits and smile styles or dental forms. While the findings align with existing research, they highlight the complexity of the Visagism paradigm, emphasizing the need for further investigations into the relationship between temperament and dental aesthetics.

Incremental relations between self-understanding and social functioning beyond personality traits in young adults

Personality traits are well-established predictors of social functioning, but contemporary models of personality distinguish between personality traits and self-understanding, including reflecting on one’s mental states and the degree of coherence in the self-concept. This study examined whether self-understanding serves as a unique predictor of social functioning beyond personality traits. Additionally, it was explored whether self-understanding moderated the association between traits and social functioning. Participants (n = 859) completed measures on reflective functioning, self-concept clarity, personality traits, and social functioning. Self-Concept Clarity, Extraversion and Agreeableness, had significant, incremental effects on social functioning. Interaction effects were not significant. Results suggests that the ability to root experience in a coherent self-understanding provides valuable information about individual differences in social functioning.

Tracing the Link Between Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Childhood Overgratification.

Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a psychiatric disorder that remains largely undiagnosed in modern society. Theories claim that the roots of this disorder can often be traced back to childhood experiences and parenting styles. The prevalence of NPD in the general population is estimated to be significantly high, although rates may vary widely depending on the assessment method and population being considered as a significant portion of the population remains largely unaware of this disorder or though the patient is aware of his/her condition, the bad reputation for the illness demotivates him/her from seeking professional help. This is the main reason why it is difficult to know the real prevalence of these disorders that are so frequently encountered in psychiatric practice but still largely undiagnosed. This review collects and analyzes several research studies and literature reviews found in the electronic databases. The inclusion criteria prioritize studies focusing on the effect of overgratification on the development of NPD. Empirical evidence suggests a link between childhood overgratification and the development of narcissistic traits in adulthood. However, the relationship between childhood overgratification and NPD is much more complex and is deeply influenced by various factors, such as parent-child attachment, individual nature, and cultural context. This paper aims to simplify and illustrate the complex interplay between childhood overgratification and the manifestation of NPD, thereby revealing underlying mechanisms and identifying potential interventions for treatment. This article explores the intriguing correlation between NPD and overgratification during childhood, exploring how early indulgence may sow the seeds for narcissistic personality traits in adulthood.

Personality Traits and Quality of Life Among Older Adults: The Chain Mediating Effects of Perceived Social Support and Positive Coping Styles

The pathways between personality traits and older adults’ quality of life (QOL) have been well studied. However, perceived social support and positive coping styles should not be ignored by older adults’ QOL. Hence, this study examines the chain mediating role of perceived social support and positive coping styles between personality traits and older adults’ QOL. In total, 230 older individuals (Mean age = 69.43, SD age = 7.23, age range from 60 to 93) participated in this study. All older people provided a rating of QOL and perceived social support, the Chinese Big Five personality, and positive coping styles. (1a) the five personality traits of older adults were significantly associated with QOL; (2b) perceived social support mediated the relationship between three personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness) and QOL; (3c) positive coping styles played a mediator role in the personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness) and QOL; (4d) perceived social support and positive coping styles had a significant chain mediating effect on the three dimensions of personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness) and QOL. As mediating influences, social support and positive coping styles can be applied to efforts to promote QOL for older adults who share the personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness.

성격 잠재계층에 따른 사회적 고립과 심리적 유연성의 차이

Objective: To investigate the psychosocial variables related to social isolation, which is emerging as a common social problem in early, middle, and late adulthood, and to identify how latent personality traits class is related to social isolation and psychological flexibility. Methods: One-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and latent profile analysis were conducted on 469 adults aged 20-69 using BFI-SF, ESLI, and K-AAQ-II. Results: First, in terms of age differences, social isolation was not statistically significant, and psychological flexibility was statistically significant, with old age being higher than other age groups. Second, each variable showed a mostly significant correlation. Social isolation showed a negative correlation with extroversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness, and a positive correlation with neuroticism. Psychological flexibility showed a positive correlation with extroversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness, and a negative correlation with neuroticism. Social isolation and psychological flexibility showed a negative correlation. Third, the latent profiles of personality traits were classified into four types: “unstable energetic” (16%), “normal average” (58%), “adaptive flexible” (18%), and “passive avoidant” (8%). Fourth, the differences in social isolation and psychological flexibility according to the latent class of personality traits were found to be significant. In social isolation, the “passive avoidant” was the highest and “adaptive flexible” the lowest, while in psychological flexibility, the “adaptive flexible” was the highest and “passive avoidant” the lowest. Conclusions: This study predicted a relationship between social isolation and age and psychosocial variables. It broadens the comprehensive understanding of personality traits vulnerable to social isolation and personality traits with high psychological flexibility according to adult personality traits. Therefore, it has implications for counseling interventions and preventive approaches based on social isolation group considering individual differences in age, various personality traits, and psychological flexibility.

The relationship between personality and cognition in older adults with and without early-onset depression.

It is well established that personality traits impact cognition, as certain personality factors are associated with performance in specific cognitive domains. However, the findings on the relationships between the Big Five traits and cognition are mixed. Additionally, few studies have explored these relationships in older adults with a history of depression. The present study aimed to (a) evaluate the impact of the Big Five personality traits in older adults with and without a lifetime history of depression; and (b) test the hypotheses that higher trait neuroticism would correlate negatively with cognitive performance, while openness to experience would correlate positively with cognition. The sample consisted of 138 participants between the ages of 55 and 78 (M = 65.56, SD = 6.36). Sixty-two participants met criteria for current or remitted Major Depressive Disorder, while 76 had no history of depression or other mental health disorders. Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Personality was assessed using the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R), while depression status was determined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5). Following a series of Pearson correlations of cognitive variables and the five personality factors, linear regression models were estimated for each significant correlation. Demographic variables (i.e., age, education and sex) were entered in block 1, depression status (never vs. ever) was entered in block 2, and the personality factor score, or sub-facet was entered in block 3. Neuroticism was not associated with cognitive performance on any outcome measure. The facets Openness to Feelings and Openness to Values were positively related to phonemic fluency. Further Openness to Values was positively related to cognitive flexibility. Our results suggest that older people who are (a) more capable of identifying and understanding their feelings and the feelings of others, and (b) who are more willing to re-examine social, political, and religious values perform stronger on tasks measuring verbal fluency and cognitive flexibility, which are aspects of executive functioning. Interventions that aim to enhance open mindedness in older adults may have a parallel impact on improving executive functioning, though this would need to be examined prospectively.

The association between early regulatory problems and adult peer relationship quality is mediated by the brain's allostatic-interoceptive system.

Early regulatory problems (RPs), i.e., problems with crying, sleeping, and/or feeding during the first years, increase the risk for avoidant personality traits in adulthood, associated with social withdrawal and anxiety. Even more, RPs are linked with functional alterations in the adult default mode and salience networks, comprising the brain's allostatic-interoceptive system (AIS) and playing a role in social interactions. We investigated whether RPs assessed in infancy are associated with difficulties in adult peer relationships mediated by functional alterations of the AIS. As part of a large case-controlled prospective study, 42 adults with previous RPs and 70 matched controls (mean age = 28.48, SD = 2.65, 51% male) underwent fMRI during rest. The analysis focused on the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of key nodes of the AIS. Peer relationship quality was assessed via a semi-structured Life Course Interview and the YASR scale. In these same individuals, RPs were assessed at ages 5, 20 and 56 months. RPs in infancy were associated with lower-quality peer relationships and enhanced functional connectivity of the AIS nodes in adulthood, with a stronger effect for multiple and persistent RPs compared with transient-multiple or single-persistent RPs. Importantly, iFC changes of the dorsal mid insula, a primary interoceptive cortex with frontal and temporal regions, mediated the relationship between early RPs and adult peer relationship quality. Results indicate long-lasting social and neural changes associated with early RPs. Our findings further implicate the AIS in both interoceptive and social processes, while indicating the need for early screening of early RPs.

Exploring the Association Between Adult Education, Personality Traits, and Civic Participation: An Analysis of National Education Panel Study Data

Exploring the Association Between Adult Education, Personality Traits, and Civic Participation: An Analysis of National Education Panel Study Data

Feminism and Women’s Bonding in Shashi Deshpande’s the Binding Vine

Society and literature have always had a deep and enduring link. It has seen how women’s roles have evolved throughout time, and that development additionally influenced how women are portrayed in literature. Writings from the present day depict not just the oppressed and disenfranchised women but additionally the ‘new women’, who are always attempting to become independent, self-aware individuals. The privileged middle-class environment is portrayed by the author in this book. She still finds the sense of injustice and brutality she encounters in the world upsetting. Her natural incapacity to adjust to her social environment is a handicap. The following feminism-related themes are examined by the researcher in this novel-the necessity of hindrance in life, the impact of childhood trauma on adult personality traits, parental division, and alienation, the impact of childhood being homeless and the ensuing anxiety, distraction, regression to childhood, a state of isolation, and frustration of city life, lack of communication between partners, unpredictable contradictions, as well as brutality in life. Deshpande’s novel The Binding Vine, middle-class Indian women of today, both professional and illiterate, grapple with the challenge of realizing their own identities and reestablishing their familial bonds. The author portrays women’s lives in this book as they are much like in her previous works.

Effects of parenting styles on adult personality traits, depressive trait, and brain structure

This study explored the complex triangular relationships between parenting styles, personality traits, and depressive trait in Chinese Han adults (N = 490; Mean age=24.25; 51.0% women), and examined the relationship between parenting styles and brain structure. The data indicated that depressive trait in adulthood were negatively correlated with a favorable parenting style (emotional warmth) and positively correlated with undesirable parenting styles (punishment, rejection, and overprotection/over-intervention). Additionally, depressive trait in adulthood were positively related to neuroticism and psychoticism, and negatively related to extraversion. Using a multiple parallel mediation analysis, we found that neuroticism could be worsened by undesirable parenting styles and ameliorated by favorable parenting styles, and it further mediated the relationship between parenting styles and depressive trait across all models. Psychoticism played a similar role in two models: 1) parental punishment and depressive trait and 2) parental rejection and depressive trait. Extraversion played a mediating role between the father’s overprotection and depressive trait. Subgroup analysis showed that different mediating pathways existed between different sexes. In terms of brain structure, we found that gray matter volume of the right inferior frontal gyrus was negatively related to overprotection by the father and positively related to psychoticism. Our findings highlight the importance of parenting style on personality traits, depressive trait, and brain structure over the long term.

Exploring the relationship between falls, fall-related psychological concerns, and personality traits in adults: A scoping review protocol.

Personality traits, such as neuroticism and extraversion, are emerging as important predictors of falls. Despite their significance, existing fall prevention programs often overlook these traits, creating a notable research gap. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive scoping review to explore the existing literature on the relationships among personality traits, falls, and fall-related psychological concerns (FrPCs). This scoping review will adhere to the framework established by Arksey and O'Malley, incorporating extensions recommended by the Joanna Briggs Instituteand using the PRISMA-ScR checklist. A thorough search strategy will be employed, aligning with the population, concept, and context (PCC) selection criteria. Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus, will be searched from their inception to the present. Additionally, a manual search of the reference lists of identified and relevant full-text articles will be conducted. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, perform full-text reviews, and extract data from pertinent articles. Personality traits are increasingly recognized as influential predictors of falls and related psychological concerns. This review aims to make a substantial contribution to the existing literature by being the first to comprehensively explore and provide a descriptive synthesis of the relationship between personality traits and falls, as well as FrPCs in adults. It is hoped that the outcomes of this review will enhance our comprehension of the role of personality traits in falls, potentially informing future research and strategies for this critical area of study. This scoping review protocol was registered with Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KR74X).

Subjective age and personality traits in older adults: Reciprocal and indirect effects through positive and negative affect.

Subjective age and personality traits in older adults: Reciprocal and indirect effects through positive and negative affect.

Supplemental Material for Subjective Age and Personality Traits in Older Adults: Reciprocal and Indirect Effects Through Positive and Negative Affect

Supplemental Material for Subjective Age and Personality Traits in Older Adults: Reciprocal and Indirect Effects Through Positive and Negative Affect

Exploring Parent-Child Traits and Relationship Quality: A Network Study

Big five and dark triad personality traits are likely to influence the perceived quality of the parent-child relationship, as they can impact the behavior of family members and parenting styles. The main objective of this study was to analyze how adult children's and parents' personality traits affect the perceived quality of the parent-child relationship within dyadic interactions. The results revealed that parents' agreeableness and psychopathy had positive or negative effects on children's positive behaviors and feelings toward their parents, respectively. Moreover, mothers' and fathers' positive behaviors and feelings toward their children were positively or negatively associated, respectively, with children's conscientiousness and psychopathy. Furthermore, network analyses demonstrated that the impact of parents' emotional stability and psychopathy on children's perceived quality of the parent-child relationship varied depending on the gender of the parents. Thus, the relationship between personality traits and the perceived quality of the parent-child relationship is influenced by family roles, revealing a complex and variable structure in different dyadic family relationships.

Timing of School Entry and Personality Traits in Adulthood

Timing of School Entry and Personality Traits in Adulthood

ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ФИГУРЫ ОТЦА ДЛЯ СФЕРЫ МЕЖЛИЧНОСТНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ ЖЕНЩИНЫ

The article presents the results of a study examining the significance of the father figure and relationships with him in childhood for the sphere of interpersonal relationships of women in adulthood. The peculiarities of their personality manifested in interpersonal relations were also studied. The study involved 139 respondents between the ages of 24 and 64. The results obtained confirm the few available data on the importance of the quality of the child’s relationship with the father for the formation of a healthy and mature personality of the child, and also supplement them. The article defines the significance of a girl’s relationship with her father for an adult woman’s assessment of her childhood as a happy one. A correlation is found for the relationship between satisfaction in the relation with the father and a number of personality characteristics manifested in interpersonal relationships, including romantic and family relationships. There is also a description of the negative consequences of unsatisfactory for the girl relation with her father concerning destructive and deficit manifestations of adult female personality traits. The results of the study have theoretical significance, expanding the ideas about factors influencing the development of the child’s personality and the formation of patterns in interaction with people, including women’s relationships with men. In practical aspect, the obtained results are of value for specialists in the field of counselling, psychotherapy, pedagogy, social work.

THE EFFECTS OF LATE-LIFE RELOCATION ON ANXIETY AND PERSONALITY TRAITS: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA AND EUROPE

Abstract Later-life relocation has been identified as an important life event that affects the living environment, social relationships, and daily routines of older adults with subsequent effects on mental health and personality. We explored the impact of relocation on anxiety and personality traits in older adults from China and Europe in two separate studies., In study 1, we administered the questionnaire to 301 Chinese older adults (Mage=69.51, SD=5.02) who experienced involuntary rural-urban relocation, with 61.8% of them reported severe to extremely severe anxiety. Excessive reassurance-seeking and concomitant negative information bias were processes that contributed to increased anxiety among relocated older adults, which was particularly detrimental for those adults who were otherwise resilient. In study 2, we investigated the differences in personality traits between older adults who moved to nursing homes and those who lived in private housing using data from Wave 7 of the European Health, Ageing and Retirement Survey (SHARE). Reports from a total of 4829 older people living in nursing homes (NNH= 360) and private housing (NPH=4469) were included in the finally analysis. Our results showed that older people who relocated to nursing homes had lower extraversion and conscientiousness, and higher neuroticism. Additionally, older adults’ age, gender, health problems, physical activity, community size, and national socio-economic status partly explained personality differences between older adults who relocated and who stayed in their homes. Our findings underscore the importance and necessity of studying advantageous and detrimental effects of late-life relocation, and provide new directions and ideas for future research.

THE EFFECT OF LIFESPAN TRAUMA EXPOSURE ON PATHOLOGICAL PERSONALITY TRAITS

Abstract Introduction The Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) is a dimensional model of personality disorder pathology focusing on pathological personality traits, with five trait domains. Limited knowledge exists about relationships between cumulative exposure to traumatic events and the AMPD, a gap particularly relevant for older adults who have had a lifetime of potential exposure. Method: Older adults (n = 200) completed the Trauma Health Questionnaire (THQ) and Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Results Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) revealed significant differences in the five PID-5 domains across four levels of cumulative trauma exposure (Pillai’s Trace =.14, F(5, 519) =1.73, p =.04, ηp2=.05). Years since first traumatic event was not significant as a covariate (Pillai’s Trace =.02, F(4, 173) =0.80, p =.55, ηp2=.02). Significant group differences were found in the PID-5’s Psychoticism (F(3, 175) = 5.71, p < .001, ηp2 = .09) and Detachment (F(3, 175) = 2.91, p = .03, ηp2 = .05). According to Bonferroni post-hoc tests, the high trauma exposure group was significantly higher in Psychoticism than low trauma exposure, low to medium trauma exposure, and medium to high trauma exposure groups. For Detachment, the high trauma exposure group was significantly higher than the low trauma exposure and low to medium exposure groups. Discussion Findings suggest that cumulative trauma exposure is associated with specific pathological personality traits in older adults. High levels of trauma exposure may be particularly related to eccentric and detached traits that persist in later life, reflecting the need for clinical assessment in both domains.

The impact of paternal absence on personality traits in young adults: A comparative analysis of aggression, neuroticism and impulsive sensation seeking

This paper investigates personality trait differences, specifically aggression, neuroticism, and impulsive sensation-seeking, in young adults with fathers working abroad intermittently compared to those with fathers working near their homes. The study aims to identify and analyze statistically significant differences in these traits, exploring the impact of the father's absence. Hypotheses are formulated, and a Zukerman-Kuhlman Test is used on a sample of 60 participants aged 18-25, living with their parents. Results confirm differences in neuroticism and aggression based on father's work location but find no significant difference in impulsive sensation-seeking. The study suggests that father absence during childhood may contribute to higher neuroticism and anxiety in adulthood, with potential links to increased aggression. The impact depends on factors like duration, frequency, and the child's age, emphasizing the importance of active parental involvement to mitigate negative effects.