Purpose Community acquired respiratory viruses (CARVs) occur frequently in lung transplant recipients (LTxRs). While Rhinovirus infection (RVI) is a commonly identified CARV in most series, its impact on lung allograft function and the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) remains debated as most studies did not employ sensitive diagnostic tests for RVI or did not analyze the effect of individual CARVs. We sought to determine the effect of RVI on lung allograft function and BOS development in a case-controlled fashion. Methods and Materials To avoid potential confounding factors, 16 LTxRs diagnosed with RVI and no other CARV post-transplant were identified out of 457 transplants performed between 1996-2011. Demographics, symptoms, change in FEV1, co-infection at RVI event, and long term outcomes (acute rejection (AR), infections (INF), or new or progressive BOS) were compared to 16 LTxRs never diagnosed with a CARV and matched for time to event post-transplant and the indication for transplant. Results The median time to RVI was 13 months post-LTx (1-130 months). Fourteen of 16 (89%) patients had upper or lower respiratory tract (LRT) symptoms and 72% were diagnosed with LRT infection by bronchoalveolar lavage. More LTxR with COPD were diagnosed with RVI than other indications for transplant. Mean fall in FEV1 at the time of RVI was -0.09L/sec (-0.69 to +0.38) and only 4/16 (25%) experienced a decreased FEV1 >10%. This fall was transient, improving to baseline by 3 months in all RVI patients. Bacterial, fungal or CMV co-infections within 90 days of RVI did not differ from case controls (5/16 vs 3/16, p=NS). There was a statistically significant increase in AR within 90 days (11/16 vs 2/16, p=0.001). However, there was no difference in the onset or progression of BOS within 180 days (2/16 vs 3/16, p=NS). Conclusions RV is commonly detected in LTxRs. Although the majority of patients are symptomatic at the time of RVI and may be at increased risk for AR, the risk of BOS does not differ from case-matched controls.