Adult Girls Research Articles

Effect of Psychological Stress on the General Health of Young Adult Girls

Stress is a condition of anxiety or mental fatigue brought on by difficult situation. Stress is prevalent among young girls. Psychological stress has been shown to have a significant effect on general health, particularly in young adults traversing a challenging stage of life marked by emotional, social, and intellectual obstacles. Young adult girls (ages 18 to 25) should pay special attention to this since they experience particular stressors from burgeoning careers, social expectations, body image concerns, and scholastic constraints. Given that stress has been connected to both physical and mental health issues, it is imperative that they comprehend how these stressors are affecting their overall health. This study aims to explore the effects of psychological stress on the general health of young adult girls by examining the relationship between stress levels and various health outcomes. The present study investigates the effects of mental stress on the general health of young adult girls. The study conducted in the Month of April-May 2024. Insight of the Study Data collection from 100 respondents (girls) from Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology were gathered from a varied sample of young girls using a self-structured questionnaire (Google form). Descriptive research design was opted for the study. The study shows that 85% of girls get stressed and 46% of respondents suffer stress from career or family pressure. Sleeping (33%) is the major activity that is performed for the release of stress. 31% of girls suffer from irregular periods due to stress. The study also find that the diet of the respondents was also a major concern. The study concluded that there is significant relationship between mental stress and the health of young adult girls. Mental stress can be controlled through regular meditation and good sleeping patterns.

Relational dynamics associated with adolescent and young adult (13 to 23 years of age) partner violence: The role of inter-parental violence and child abuse.

The study aimed to examine the effect of witnessing inter-parental violence and experiencing childhood abuse on victimization of intimate partner violence (IPV) after marriage among adolescent and young girls. Data were drawn from the second wave of the Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) survey (2018-2019). The sample size was 5480 married adolescent and young girls aged 13-23 years. The outcome variable of the study was the victimization of IPV. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) were performed. A total of 39% of married adolescent and young girls experienced physical violence, followed by sexual violence (35%) and emotional violence (28%) by their partner. Around 30% of respondents witnessed inter-parental violence, and 32% of the participants were beaten by their parents during childhood. Participants who had witnessed inter-parental violence were significantly correlated with experiencing childhood abuse, and this association was positively correlated with exposure to IPV in adolescence and young adulthood. Further, the parameter estimates of the indicators of IPV were highest for emotional violence (1.10) followed by physical violence (1.00) and sexual violence (0.62). Witnessing inter-parental violence significantly increases parents' physical violence to adolescents and young adult girls (β = 0.49, P<0.001, CI: 0.47-0.51). No tie between witnessing inter-parental violence and childhood abuse mediates their effect on later victimization of IPV. The findings indicate that witnessing inter-parental violence is a strong risk factor for IPV victimization among adolescent and young adult girls. Our findings advocate prerequisite collaborative effort with multiple service providers for greater empowerment at national, state, community, and family levels to achieve SDG goals pertaining to eliminating violence against women.

Effectiveness of Callisthenic Exercises on BMI, Waist-Hip Ratio, Depression and Quality of Life in Class 1 Obese Young Adult Girls with Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Experimental Study

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, or PCOS, is estimated to be the most common endocrine illness affecting women of reproductive age, affecting 28% of young women. A trend toward grade 1 obesity is predicted by PCOS patients’ BMI when compared to females in the same age group. Body weight exercises, known as calisthenics, involve a variety of movements that employ the body’s weight as resistance. Because the movements are relatively easy to learn, pose little risk of harm, and offer a distinct exercise routine that may be more enjoyable, calisthenics may be a beneficial replacement for resistance training. To examine how callisthenic workouts, affect young adult girls with PCOS’s BMI, waist-hip ratio, depressive symptoms, and QOL. The study’s objective was to examine the effect of callisthenic exercises on BMI, waist-hip ratio, depression, and QOL in class 1 obese young adult girls with PCOS. An Experimental study was carried out, in and around Pune city. A total of 52 patients with PCOS, and class 1 obesity were included in this study; with aged 18 to 25 were chosen using simple random sampling. The individuals underwent callisthenic exercises for 6 weeks, the pre- and postdata were measured using the waist-hip ratio, BMI, Beck Depression Inventory, and PCOS Health Related QOL. The study concluded that calisthenics helped class 1 obese young adult girls with PCOS enhance their QOL and lower their BMI, waisthip ratio, and Beck depression score.

Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on Signs and Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Female Nursing Students

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) stands as one the most prevalent health issues, especially among female university students. The syndrome substantially impacts their quality of life and academic performance. The progressive muscle relaxation technique is a calming method that can help lower anxiety, cultivate a sense of pain control, and divert away from the painful body part. Objective: The study sought to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on premenstrual syndrome among female nursing students. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 female students (40 students in the study group and 40 in the control group) enrolled in the third and fourth academic years (2020-2021). Students were randomly assigned to either the control or study group using a random number generator program. The progressive muscle relaxation technique was performed 30 minutes daily for 4 weeks. Baseline data were collected from all students. The premenstrual syndrome scale assessed the intensity of PMS before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test, the student t-test, the Monte Carlo test, the Mann-Whitney test, and the marginal homogeneity test. P&lt;0.05 were considered significant. Results: The study found that the Mean±SD age of the study and control group participants were 22.02+0.73 and 21.95+0.67 years, respectively. Also, more than two-thirds of the students in the study and control groups (70% and 67.5%, respectively) were from rural areas. After the intervention, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the intensity of all physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms among the study group compared to the control group (P&lt;0.05). In addition, the total score of PMS intensity was significantly decreased among the study group after the intervention (P=0.001). In contrast, the total score of the intensity of PMS symptoms was significantly increased in the control group (P=0.034). Conclusion: The study concluded that young adult girls who practiced progressive muscle relaxation techniques exhibited less severe premenstrual syndrome symptoms than those who did not.

Medico-legal study of the hymen

BackgroundThe study of hymen morphology and injuries is critical in forensic medicine, particularly in Iraq and other Asian countries. Problems with the hymen can have serious social consequences. Aim of the studyThe aim of this study is to shed light on various hymen's variants, as well as the possible causes of their injuries and their medicolegal significance. MethodThis study was carried out at Baghdad's medico-legal directorate (M.L.D.) from January 1st to March 31st, 2017. There were 127 cases in total. They ranged in age from two to sixty. The morphology of the hymens, their injuries, and other relevant details were documented using a specific questionnaire. ResultsCompared to other varied examinations undertaken, such as infertility, impotence, and others, the examination of the hymen made up (5.1%) of all examinations conducted in the Medico-Legal Directorate (M.L.D.) clinic in Baghdad. The majority of the women tested were over the age of 14. The annular hymen was the most common variant (57.3%). The elastic hymens percentage was 14.6% while the Imperforated variant had the lowest prevalence (0.8%). The majority of the properties of the examined hymens were smooth free edge, medium consistency, and medium sized hymen opening. The majority of the cases involved female children (prepubertal girls) who were accidently injured, followed by sexual assaults and wedding night doubts. The majority of hymen tears (40.2%) were old. Multiple tears (47.5%) outnumbered single tears (37.3%). Fresh tears were only observed in adult girls. ConclusionThe annular variant of the smooth free edge, average consistency, and average hole size is the most common hymens. The elastic hymens were a main reason for the referral of cases for medical examination due to wedding night doubts. In more than half of the cases, the hymens were smooth with no transection or deep notches.

A study on awareness level of anaemia among young adult girls (18 to 25 years), in Patna

In the case of anaemia, the amount of haemoglobin in the blood becomes very less than normal (5-9 grams per 100 ml of blood), which reduces the ability of the body’s cells to take up oxygen. As a result, the cells do not get enough oxygen. It is caused by an insufficient supply of one or more nutritional elements like iron, protein, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin C. in India, it poses a huge health burden. Iron deficiency anaemia was the leading cause of years lived with disability among young adult girls. In India, 86.0% of girls are suffering from anaemia in 2019-20 and Bihar, 63.6% of girls are suffering from anaemia according to NFHS. The main reason for the study is that India has the largest number of anaemia in girls. Anaemia is considered an important health problem because of the adverse effects on mental and physical development during a girl’s development. Many nutritional surveys see that most girls do not take sufficient nutritional supplements. Most of the girls are not aware that they are affected by anaemia which was a reason increasing anaemia number. They are headed for malnutrition.

Association of sociodemographic variables with nutritional status among the college girls of Howrah, West Bengal, India

Nutritional status of young adult girls is very essential since they are future mothers, and their nutritional requirements increase tremendously compared to the preceding years of growth. The present study was an endeavour to assess the nutritional status and to find an association between sociodemographic variables and nutritional status among young adult college girls of Howrah, West Bengal. The study included a total of 140 college girls aged between 18 to 20 years. The sociodemographic data were collected by the interview method using a pretested standard structured schedule. The anthropometric data were measured by the standard protocol. For the comparison of anthropometric data, growth charts of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were used. The anthropometric measures like weight, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), suprailiac skinfold, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waistheight ratio (WHtR) show an increasing trend according to age groups. Based on BMI, 25.7% of the young adult college girls were found to be underweight (BMI &lt; 18.5 kg/m2), which includes chronic energy deficiency (CED) grade I (13.6%), chronic energy deficiency (CED) grade II (7.9%) and chronic energy deficiency (CED) grade III (4.3%). BMI for age (&lt; 5th percentile) or thinness showed a significant difference (p &lt; 0.01) according to age. Similarly, stature for age (&lt; 5th percentile) or stunting shows a significant association (p &lt; 0.05) with father’s education, and underweight (BMI &lt; 18.5 kg/m2) shows a significant association (p &lt; 0.05) with monthly family household income. The results of linear regression show that sociodemographic variables and food habits were significant predictors of various anthropometric measures. Monthly family income and frequency of eating fast food per week were significant predictors of BMI and MUAC, and the age of the participant and the education of the mother were significant predictors of WHR, and family income per month and the age of the participant were significant predictors of WHtR. Thus, the present study provides a podium for further studies to combat the effect of undernutrition among future mothers and instigates effective nutritional intervention strategies entailing this vulnerable group.

Assessment of Nutritional Status Among Adult Girls at Peshawar

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the relation of Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) with Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio among adult girls. METHODOLOGY A descriptive or cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescent girls 18 plus by BS students at Jinnah college for the women’s University of Peshawar, in collaboration with Pakistan Health Research Council (PHRC) Khyber Medical College Peshawar. MUAC is a useful cheap, and non-invasive technique used for the assessment of nutritional status that has important effects on health in recovery from illness. The analysis of data was conducted as a review of the filled questionnaire. The statistical relationship between variables and their prevalence was assessed using the Chi-Square test. RESULTS Results showed that according to MUAC 20.8% and BMI of 22.55% adult girls were underweight. Our study also revealed that 7(5.83%) adult females were underweight according to MUAC measurements but had normal BMI with a statically significant value of p 0.000. In correlation with waist-hip ratio and MUAC, 24.2% of adult females were having an unacceptable hip ratio (which means that their waist-to-hip ratio is either average, high, or extreme) but had normal MUAC. This correlation between MUAC and waist-to-hip ratio was also highly significant (p 0.046). Besides, we also got the measurements of obese and overweight girls. CONCLUSION In this study, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was statistically and significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (p=0.000). As MUAC is a very simple and inexpensive method to assess nutrition, so this is a very good tool to be used in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan.

Changes in the image of middle-aged women: A study of otona-joshi (‘adult girls’) in Japanese print media

Around the year 2000, the word joshi began to appear in women’s magazines, as in otona-joshi (‘adult girls’), 30 dai joshi (‘30-something girls’) and 40 dai joshi (‘40-something girls’). These terms have been commonly used not only in magazines but also on television and in everyday conversation. Though joshi implies female children and teenage girls, the term occasionally refers to women in their 30s and 40s who are supposed to be recognized as grown adults. The word joshi implies youth and vigour. This article examines how the image of women in their 30s and 40s has changed over the past decades and joshi has become an accepted word to refer to them. Contrary to its positive image, the word also connotes immaturity. Central to exploring how the notion of maturity has changed over the past 30 years are the writings of popular essayists and the women’s magazines they frequently read when they were young. This is further contextualized with a brief history of Japanese women’s magazines as to illustrate how women have responded to the notion of maturity imposed on them created after modernization.

Personal beliefs and social norms regarding the sexual exploitation of girls in age-disparate transactional sexual relationships in Brazil: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundIn the global debate around transactional sex little attention has concentrated on Brazil, despite ranking fourth globally in absolute number of girls married or co-habiting by the age of 15 years, and evidence showing that these unions often begin as age-disparate transactional sex (ADTS). This article contributes to filling this gap by exploring the personal beliefs and social norms related to ADTS in urban (favela) communities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between adult men (> 18 years) and girls and adolescents (G/A) (< 18 years) with a minimum 5-year age disparity. The primary objective of this study was to identify the social norms that promote and prevent ADTS, and the dynamics between individual beliefs and social norms, to provide contextualized recommendations to prevent ADTS in this setting.MethodsAn exploratory, sequential, mixed-methods design was used, starting with a qualitative phase that included semi-structured, in-depth interviews and focus groups, and a subsequent quantitative phase comprising of a community survey. The items for the quantitative questionnaires were developed based on the qualitative results. ResultsMixed methods results indicate that in these communities ADTS is normalised and not considered exploitative. We identified three themes related to the reasons ADTS occurs: girls’ responsibility, male desires and benefits of ADTS. Men’s role in ADTS was largely minimised because of a general acceptance of a notion of masculinity characterised by hypersexuality and lack of impulse control. Individual beliefs, however, did not tend to align with these social norms. ConclusionsIn this study, personal beliefs and social norms often did not align, suggesting that initiatives working to change personal or attitudes regarding ADTS may not lead to meaningful change in ADTS behaviours, and social norms interventions may be more effective. Our findings reinforce the need to develop programs tailored to local understandings of ADTS, targeting not only girls but also a wide range of actors. Interventions could also consider the structural factors acting in local and global contexts that promote or prevent ADTS.

Prevalence of vaginal HPV infection among adolescent and early adult girls in Jos, North-Central Nigeria

PurposeKnowledge of the prevalence of HPV infection among adolescent and early adult girls is essential to determining the best age for the introduction of HPV vaccine, monitoring vaccine efficacy, and giving insight into determinants of persistent high-risk HPV infection, a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Yet, there have been limited studies of HPV infection among adolescent and early adult girls in low-and-middle-income countries.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we randomly selected 205 girls, aged 9–20 years, from 10 schools in central Nigeria. We obtained informed consent and assent, collected data, and trained participants to self-collect vaginal samples using swab stick. We genotyped HPV using SPF10-DEIA/LiPA25 and analyzed data using Stata 14®.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the girls was 14.9 (2.3) years. We found HPV in 13.2% of vaginal swabs. The earliest age at which anyHPV and hrHPV infections were detected was 10 and 12 years respectively. The prevalence of any HPV peaked at 16 and 17 years, hrHPV at 16 years, lrHPV at 17 and 18 years and multiple hrHPV 18 years of age. The prevalence of hrHPV infection was 1.5% among the 9–12 years age group, 2.9% among 13–16 years and 3.4% among 17–20 years old. The commonest hrHPV types detected were 52 (3.9%), 18 (1.5%) and 51 (2.4%). The most common lrHPV types was 6 (2.9%).ConclusionThe prevalence of HPV infection in these urbanized young girls in Nigeria is high and commences after 9 years of age. HPV vaccination in this population should start at 9 years of age or younger to prevent the establishment of persistent HPV infection.

Gender difference for detecting global motion in adults and children

AIM: To investigate if there is a gender difference in detecting global motion in adults and children aged 6 to 15y, respectively. METHODS: A total of 46 adults aged between 20 and 24y, and 227 children aged between 6 and 15y who were divided into five age groups, participated in this study. Global motion detection was evaluated with a random dot kinematogram test, with the proportion of the dots moving at the same direction (up vs down, or left vs right) varied in each trial. The speed of each dot consisted of 1.0 and 5.0 deg/s, therefore four conditions of dots moving were examined in this study. Subjects were asked to identify the direction of the perceived global motion in a three-down-one-up staircase algorithm. The minimal proportion of signal dots moving at the same direction for global motion to be perceived is defined as the threshold. Each subject was measured five times and the mean value was recorded in each condition. Two-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis to accommodate the interaction between the two factors: age and sex maturation. RESULTS: For signal dots moving vertically with 1.0 deg/s, the influence of gender and age on global motion detection was statistically significant (gender: F=10.533, P=0.001; age: F=8.599, P&lt;0.001). The thresholds for adult females and 14-15y girls were significantly higher than that in adult males (P=0.013) and 14-15y boys (P=0.030). There was also a similar effect of gender and age for signal dots moving horizontally with 1.0 deg/s (gender: F=12.073, P=0.001; age: F=8.724, P&lt;0.001). The thresholds for adult females and 14-15y girls were significantly higher than that in adult males (P=0.004) and 14-15y boys (P=0.009). For signal dots moving vertically with 5.0 deg/s, the influence of gender on global motion detection was statistically significant (F=6.826, P=0.010), while there was no difference between adults and children (F=1.085, P=0.369). The threshold for adult females was significantly higher than that in adult males (P=0.002). Finally, for signal dots moving horizontally with 5.0 deg/s, there was a similar effect as dots moving vertically with the same speed (gender: F=7.775, P=0.006; age: F=1.794, P=0.114). The thresholds for adult females and 14-15y girls were significantly higher than that in adult males (P=0.001) and 14-15y boys (P=0.017). CONCLUSION: Gender difference in detecting global motion exists only in adults and children older than 14y.

Roditeljske i neroditeljske figure privrženosti kao prediktori afektivnih stilova

Emotional regulation is one of the components of emotional intelligence that is very important for the development of the person and the quality of life in adulthood. Growing up, in a relationship with family, then with peers and finally with partners, we learn to regulate our emotional experiences and build characteristic affective styles. The aim of this paper is to examine whether there is an interdependence of figures of attachment in the prediction of affective styles in a sample of young adult girls who are currently in a partnership and those who are not (264 respondents). The instruments used were: Questionnaire for assessing partner, friend and family attachment - three versions (Kamenov, Jelić 2003). This questionnaire is a revised Croatian version of the ECR (Experience in Close Relationship Questionnaire) questionnaire (Brennan, Clark, Shaver 1998) and the ASQ Affective Style Questionnaire (Hofmann, Kashdan 2010). The connection between affective styles and attachment for all three examined figures was confirmed, as well as the predictive power of some dimensions of attachment in the explanation of affective styles. The initial hypotheses of this paper are only partially confirmed, but the results indicate important theoretical and practical implications that could be supplemented in future work. Attachment is obviously an important part in the space of emotion regulation, but it seems that the correlation is not direct and that there is an influence of many personal and situational variables that need to be researched in future

Obesity and hypertension in young adult girls

Objective: The prevalence of obesity and hypertension is increasing in Indian adolescents and young adults. This increase is attributed to factors like changed dietary habits (consumption of processed food) and a sedentary lifestyle. Hypertension which develops in childhood/ adolescence persists in adulthood. This study was conducted to determine obesity and hypertension in girls between 18-20 years of age. Method: The study included 120 girls from different colleges in Mumbai. Anthropometric measurements-height and weight were measured, BMI was calculated. Blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer. Results: Seventy-nine girls had normal blood pressure whereas 41 girls were hypertensive. In the hypertensive group 11 girls had elevated BP, 18 girls had stage I hypertension and 12 girls had stage II hypertension. There was a significant correlation between BMI and hypertension. Among the participants, 6.7% girls were underweight and 23.3% girls were overweight 4.5% girls were obese. The highest percentage of underweight girls was observed in stage II hypertension (41.7%). Sedentary activity was reported by 92% subjects.Conclusion: The present study suggests that maintaining healthy weight with a balanced diet and physical activity are important to reduce the risk obesity and hypertension in young girls.

Perlindungan Anak Sebagai Korban Eksploitasi Seksual

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Children are not adults in miniature, they need the support and protection of adults, families, communities, governments, and countries. adult girls who are victims of child exploitation and their rights as children have been taken away. Methods The research was carried out by library research using primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The research method used was doctrinal research or literature research with qualitative methods presented descriptively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results of this study indicate that repressive legal protection is to apply article 66 of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection through the dissemination and/or socialization of the provisions of laws and regulations relating to the protection of economically and/or sexually exploited children, monitoring, reporting. , and the imposition of sanctions; and the involvement of various companies, trade unions, non-governmental organizations, and the community in the elimination of economic and/or sexual exploitation of children. While preventive protection is the State, Government, Regional Government, Community, Family, and Parents or Guardians are obliged and fully responsible for the implementation of Child Protection.&lt;/p&gt;

YOGIC INTERVENTION ON ACADEMIC STRESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG YOUNG ADULT GIRLS

Yogic therapies are traditional, the oldest, and powerful combination with various methods to cope with different stressors and developing a healthy mental and physical health as an interventional program. The present study aimed to see the effect of yogic techniques on academic stress and psychological well-being among young adult girls. A total of 20 young adult unmarried nursing girl students were selected with age range 17-20 Years, and then randomly divided into 02 groups, 10 in experimental and 10 in control group. Scale for Assessing Academic Stress (SAAS) and Checklist for Psychological well-being were used as assessment tools. They assessed at the beginning and after 30 days of yogic practices intervention program. The Experimental group has been received a structured yogic intervention programme. The result found that yogic practices has signicantly effective on academic stress and psychological well-being on experimental group participants. Yogic practices are also effective in enhancing self-esteem level, positive mental-health and to developing self-awareness to all age groups.

Prevalence of Tobacco Use in Young Adult Literate Girls of 18-25 Years in Meghalaya, India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background:Several national-level surveys have recognized a high prevalence of tobacco use in North-eastern (NE) India. However, information on tobacco use in specific population subgroups still lacks from the region. The present study determines the prevalence and influence of determinants like education and family income on tobacco use in senior school and college-going girls in Shillong, Meghalaya. Additionally, the prevalence of dual use of smoking and smokeless (SLT) tobacco with alcohol and non-tobacco Pan Masala has been examined. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 18-25 years girls in educational institutions in Shillong. Data were analysed using statistical software SPSS version 22. The categorical data presented as frequency (%). Chi-square was employed to see the association between variables. Results:(i) 8.10% of girls were current users of all forms of tobacco; 1.85% were smokers, 4.0% used SLT, and 2.25% were dual users of tobacco (ii) Of the 6.25% current users of SLT, 5.4% used a single smokeless tobacco product whereas 0.85% used multiple products of SLT (iii) 79.5% of tobacco smokers and 30.2% of current SLT users were dual users with alcohol (iv) 37.2% tobacco smokers and 18.5% SLT users were dual users with non-tobacco Pan Masala (v) Tobacco smoking was positively associated with educational status and family income whereas SLT use was independent of educational status and income of girls’ families. Conclusions:The study shows a relatively high prevalence of tobacco use and dual tobacco use with alcohol in the study population of educated young adult girls, underscoring a public health concern. It is recommended that an education-based comprehensive awareness program be initiated for tobacco and alcohol control in Meghalaya to improve knowledge and health-seeking behaviour change in this high- risk subgroup to control increasing NCDs.

POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (ARTAVA KSHAYA): GENETIC AND NONGENETIC ETIOPATHOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS: AN AYURVEDIC NARRATIVE REVIEW

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common heterogeneous endocrine disorder and about 6% to 20% of women are affected in their reproductive age. Clinical manifestations arise during the early pubertal years, and it’s characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, anovulation, acne, Oligomenorrhea/Amenorrhea, Hirsutism, and frequently infertility. Despite recent advancements in technologies in the scientific world pathophysiology of PCOS is still challenging and initially, most available clinical data communicated findings and outcomes is only in adult women. After that, the Rotterdam criteria are most accepted for adult women and adolescent girls. The diagnostic features for adolescent girls are based on classical tried e.g., menstrual irregularity, clinical hyperandrogenism, and/or hyperandrogenemia. Whereas findings of pelvic ultrasound are significant in adult women but least significant in adolescent girls. Mental health disorders including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder also occur more frequently in both adolescent girls and women with PCOS. Ayurveda gives prime importance to maintain the healthiness of women and literature provides many references related to signs and symptoms of PCOS in the same way and hence PCOS correlated with Artava kshaya. This review aims to display comprehensive knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of PCOS and Artava Kshaya. The efforts made here will enable earlier identification of girls and adult women with a high propensity to develop PCOS. The timely implementation of individualized therapeutic interventions will improve the overall management of PCOS, prevent associated comorbidities, and improve quality of life. This review emphasizes the various etiological aspects and screening recommendations currently in use to prevent and manages PCOS.

Personality Traits: Facebook Addiction among Teenagers and Young Adults

Some personality traits have tendencies to lead the commonly Facebook usage toward Facebook addiction. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of particular Big Five Personality traits as well as predicting those traits with Facebook addiction. This study has also evaluated the differences of Facebook addiction in terms of age between teenager and young adult students. An initial purposive sample of 300 Facebook users was selected from various schools and colleges. The sample consisted of 150 teenager students (75 teenager girls, 75 teenager boys) and 150 young adult students (75 young adult girls, 75 young adult boys) as total sample of 300 Facebook users. From this sample of 300 Facebook users, 86 participants were indicated as Facebook addicts while the remaining 214 participants were not Facebook addicts as assessed by the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (Andreassen et. al., 2012). The Big Five Markers Personality Scale (Goldberg, 1992) and Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale were used as assessment measures. Pearson product moment correlation, linear regression and independent sample t-test were used to find out the results. The results indicated significant positive relationship of extraversion and significant negative relationship of conscientiousness with Facebook addiction. Extraversion personality trait positively predicted Facebook addiction while conscientiousness personality trait negatively predicted Facebook addiction. Agreeableness, Emotional Stability and Intellect personality traits were insignificant for Facebook addiction. Additionally, insignificant differences were revealed between Facebook addicted teenagers and young adults. The study would be an addition to the academic literature on personality and social psychology, and better understanding of Facebook addicted teenagers and young adults for counseling and psychotherapy.

Changes in marrow adipose tissue in relation to changes in bone parameters following estradiol replacement in adolescent and young adult females with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Low energy availability causes disruption of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion leading to functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) and hypoestrogenism, which in turn contributes to decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Transdermal estradiol administration in physiologic doses increases BMD in adolescents and adults with FHA. However, the impact of estrogen replacement on MAT in relation to changes in BMD has not been studied in adolescents and young adults. We hypothesized that physiologic estrogen replacement would lead to decreases in MAT, associated with increases in BMD. We studied 15 adolescent and young adult females with FHA (14-25years). All participants received a17β- estradiol transdermal patch at a dose of 0.1mg/day (applied twice weekly) for 12months. Participants also received cyclic progestin for 10-12days each month. We quantified MAT (lipid/water ratio) of the fourth lumbar (L4) vertebral body and femoral diaphysis by single proton (1H)-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and compartmental volumetric BMD of the distal radius and tibia using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Transdermal estradiol therapy over 12months resulted in a decrease in MAT at the lumbar (L4) vertebra from 0.92±0.55 at baseline to 0.63±0.29 at 12-months (p=0.008), and an increase in radial and tibial cortical vBMD (p=0.006, p=0.0003). Changes in L4 MAT trended to be inversely associated with changes in radial cortical vBMD (rho=-0.47, p=0.08). We show that in adolescent and young adult girls with FHA, MAT decreases following transdermal estrogen therapy and these changes are associated with increased cortical vBMD.